 Good evening aspirants, welcome to the Hindu Daily News Analysis brought to you by Shankar Aceh Academy for the date 20th of December 2022. Before starting our discussion, I have an announcement regarding your prelims preparation. This is about the pre-storming batch 4. Yes, pre-storming batch 4 is going to start from tomorrow. Interested aspirants can use this opportunity to register. The registration link and other details of this batch is provided in the description of this video. With this information, now let's get into the today's article discussion. These are the articles taken up for today's discussion. You can go through it. With this, let's start with our first news article for the day. Take a look at this article. It talks about the Mulle Periyar Dam. The news is that water levels in the dam has been increasing and a subsequent flood warning is issued by the Tamil Nadu government. This is what the news article is about. In this context, let us learn about Mulle Periyar Dam and its location. We shall begin the discussion by understanding the geography and location of the dam. See, Mulle Periyar Dam is a composite gravity dam built on the river Periyar which is located in the state of Kerala. See, the dam was constructed between the years 1887 and 1895. Its full reservoir level is 152 feet and it was constructed to provide water through a tunnel to Vaigai basin in Tamil Nadu for irrigation benefits. Yes, even though the dam is located in the state of Kerala, the purpose of the dam is to divert the water from the Periyar river to the southern part of Tamil Nadu to aid the farmers in cultivation of crops. Now, coming to the river on which the dam is constructed. See, the dam was built on Periyar river in the Idiquid district of Kerala. It is the longest river in the state of Kerala and is considered as a lifeline there. If you look at this map, you will see the confluence of the rivers Mulle Periyar and Periyar. This is the exact location where the dam is located. To be precise, it is located on the Cardamon hills of the western guards. See, I already told you that Mulle Periyar Dam is located in the state of Kerala. But the point here to note that is, it is operated and maintained by the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu. This is due to the fact that water from the dam is used by the Tamil Nadu farmers. See, this agreement was made possible during the times of British India. It was signed between Maharaja of Travancore and the Secretary of State for India during the British rule. At the time of construction, British engineers anticipated 50 years as the lifespan of the dam. But see, today the dam has withstood for more than 120 years. If you have been reading newspaper consistently, you would have come to know that there is a constant tussle between Kerala and Tamil Nadu regarding Mulle Periyar issue. This is due to the fact that Kerala is afraid of Periyar Dam breaking due to ageing, water leakage and peeling of construction material. Several petitions were filed and the Supreme Court has advised the full reservoir level of the dam to be maintained at 142 feet to the advantage of Tamil Nadu. Kerala is objecting this and demanding for the reduction of full reservoir level. This is the issue surrounding the Mulle Periyar Dam. This is all with respect to this article discussion. Through this discussion, we learned about Mulle Periyar Dam, its location, the river on which it is built and the recent issue between the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala regarding the dam. With this, we have come to the end of this discussion. With these learned points, now let's move on to the next article discussion. See this article here. It says that, per scene fishing is prohibited by several states and union territories. When the issue has been brought up in the court, the center has taken the stand that this action by the states is not justified. So the fisheries department has recommended the lifting of the ban on per scene fishing. See it is based on a report submitted by an expert committee on November 15th. The committee has also suggested the framing of a national management plan on per scene fishing. This is the crux of the news article given here. In this context, let us understand about per scene fishing in Prillam's perspective. First of all, let us see the meaning of the term scene. See a scene is a fishing net which hangs vertically in the water with floats at the top and weights at the bottom. Here note that the ends of the net will be drawn together to encircle the fishes. Look at the images which is provided here. Here you can note that the net is hanging perpendicular to the ocean and they have floats at the top and at the bottom weights are there. The ends are drawn together to catch the fishes. This is only called as scene. Now what is meant by per scene then? Literally a per scene means a large scene which may be drawn into the shape of a bag. Again like the image provided here, if a scene is large and is drawn in the shape of a bag then it is called as per scene. Now look at this image. See the bottom of the net as a wire along the weights and this wire is threaded throughout its length. Note that this wire can be pulled and it tightens the net like a purse trapping the fish inside. Now you know why it is called as per scene fishing. See it is nothing but a large wall of net deployed around the entire area of school of fish. The main advantage of this method of fishing is that it prevents the fish from swimming down and escaping from the net. It is because like we already saw the bottom will be closed like a purse. Secondly purse scene nets are set near the ocean surface and they do not touch the sea floor. So their impact on the marine environment is literally very small. These are the main advantages of purse scene fishing. Even though this method has numerous advantages there is a major concern associated with this type of fishing. See purse signing is a non-selective fishing method which captures everything the net surrounds including protected species. This will be detrimental to protected marine species also. It is said that sea turtles and other marine animals are affected due to this type of fishing. See once the netting has been set end circled marine mammals and turtles cannot escape. They become entangled in the net which leads them to death. This is the main concern attached with purse scene fishing. This is why some states like Tamil Nadu has banned this practice. With this we have come to the end of this news article discussion. Through this article discussion we learned about purse scene fishing, its advantages and also about its disadvantage. With this let's move on to the next news article discussion. Take a look at this article. This article talks about the issue of global minimum taxation. The news is that members of the European Union agree to implement a minimum tax rate of 15% on big businesses. It is estimated that this 15% minimum tax rate would boost global tax revenues by at least 150 billion dollars annually. This is the crux of the news article given here. In this context let us discuss what is meant by the term global minimum taxation, the need for it and also about why some countries are opposing this proposal. The syllabus for this discussion is highlighted here. Interested aspirants can go through it. Now coming to the question what is meant by global minimum taxation. See it is a global deal to ensure that the big companies pay a minimum tax rate of 15%. This is done to make it harder for the big businesses to avoid taxation. Global minimum taxation as a concept can be explained using an example. Let us take a company X operating in a developed country with high tax rate. Since the tax rates are high there, the company will try to move to a country where there is lower taxation. This is when tax haven countries comes into picture. Here the term tax haven countries refers to those countries where there is very less corporate tax rates. These countries will attract the company X by use of their low tax rates. The tax rates in these countries are so low that the company X will retain a huge chunk of the profits made. This is where the global minimum taxation comes into effect. After the implementation of this tax regime company X will be made to pay at least 15% of its revenue as tax in the country of its registration. If it is found to be paying less than 15% in the country of its operation. This is all about the term global minimum taxation. Now coming to the need for this type of taxation. See every country needs money to spend for its social sector schemes. If the big businesses in search of retaining the profits move out to less tax rate countries, it will lead to revenue loss for other countries. This is the exact reason why we need global minimum taxation. Global minimum taxation will try to end this practice by imposing a minimum taxation rate of 15%. This is about the need for this type of taxation. Now coming to the opposers of this scheme. See the main opposers of this scheme are tax haven countries. This is due to the fact that this taxation will lead to loss for their X checker. They argue that without tax competition between governments, the world would be taxed a lot more than it is today. They further say that this will have an impact on further investments by the private sector, which will adversely affect the global economic growth. This is all about the opposition for this scheme. With this we have come to the end of this discussion. Through this discussion we have seen about the term global minimum taxation, the need for this type of taxation and also about why some countries are opposing this type of taxation. With these learn points now let's move on to the next news article. Take a look at this news article and the editorial. See both these articles are about yet another historic decision. But this time it is about conserving the biodiversity. You would have all known about the COP 27 which had been recently concluded in Egypt. Similarly a conference for biodiversity involving world leaders happened from 7th to 19th December. It is called as the United Nations Biodiversity Conference or COP 15. So we will know about what is this conference and also the decisions taken in it. We will also cover where India stands in all this. The syllabus for the discussion is highlighted here. As I said already it is a United Nations Biodiversity Conference. It is based on the Convention on Biological Diversity which is shortly known as CBD. What is this convention? See it is an international treaty that entered into force in the year 1993. It is a legally binding treaty covering biodiversity at all levels namely the ecosystems, species and genetic resources. So it was adopted for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity and related issues. Based on this it has three main objectives. First the conservation of biological diversity. Second the sustainable use of the components of biological diversity. Third is the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits that arise out of the utilization of genetic resources. You should also know that this convention is related to the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development which is famously known by the name the Rio Earth Summit. Can you name other conventions that has origins in 1992 Earth Summit? See 196 countries have ratified this convention including India. The governing body of this convention is the Conference of Parties that is COP. Its duty is to advantage the implementation of the convention through its decisions taken at periodic meetings. These meetings are held every two years. One such meeting was only concluded yesterday. It is the 15th meeting of this Conference of Parties hence the name COP15. It was held in two phases. One happened last year in the Qingming of China and the other was the recent one held in Montreal of Canada. Its agenda was halting and reversing nature laws by setting new sets of goals and also the adoption of a global biodiversity framework that addresses key drivers of nature laws. Before seeing what were the actual outcomes of the COP15, let us see the need behind such a convention and conference. Main need is because of the biodiversity laws. There is a dangerous decline in nature as a result of human activity which also includes greenhouse gas emissions and the resulting climate change. You should remember that climate change is one of the biggest drivers of biodiversity laws. The decline in nature was reported by the IBBES Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. It gave several shocking findings. It found that 1 million plant and animal species are threatened with extinction. So this means that planet earth is experiencing its largest loss of life since the age of dinosaurs. Also, 75% of terrestrial environment has been severely altered to date by human actions and marine environments have been severely altered 66%. According to the report, the loss of wetlands in percentage terms is currently three times faster than forest laws. Like this, many shocking findings have been made by the report. So all these demands immediate action. We should not forget that healthy ecosystems are needed for humans to survive. Our economies are also dependent on it. See, more than half of global GDP which is equal to $41.7 trillion is reliant on healthy ecosystems. Such healthy ecosystems also aid in limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Plus, a constant push on actions is needed through conventions because it is realized that previously agreed targets are not achieved in many areas. For example, take the ICHI Biodiversity targets adopted in 2010. It included targets like halving the natural habitat loss and implementation of plants for sustainable consumption and production. But the global biodiversity outlook, which is the flagship publication of CBD, found that none of these targets have been fully met. All these demanded a new framework and new goals and targets. So, now let us come to the outcomes of COP15. First is the adoption of Global Biodiversity Framework, which is also called Kunming Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework or POST 2020 GBF. Note that this is the first global framework on biodiversity adopted since the ICHI targets. The framework sets out an ambitious plan to implement action to bring out a transformation in society's relationship with biodiversity. It is basically aimed at saving the lands, oceans and species from pollution, degradation and climate change. The framework includes four goals and 23 targets for achievement by the year 2030. First target is effective conservation and management of at least 30% of world's lands, inland waters, coastal areas and oceans. Second is either completely restoring or ensuring restoration in progress. This is to be done to at least 30% of degraded terrestrial inland waters and coastal and marine ecosystems. These two targets are called the 30x30 goals that is achieving 30% by 2030. Third is reducing the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance to near zero. This will include ecosystems of high ecological integrity also. Next is achieving 50% reduction in both excess nutrients and the overall risk posed by pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals. Another target is regarding subsidies. It aims to progressively face out or reform subsidies that term biodiversity by at least 500 billion dollars per year. Next is regarding funding. It aims to mobilize at least 200 billion dollars per year in domestic and international biodiversity-related funding from all public and private sources. Next is regarding the international finance flows from developed to developing countries. The rich countries will provide at least 20 billion dollars per year by 2025 and at least 30 billion dollars per year by 2030. This target ensures that countries which are historically responsible for global greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and climate change are definitely paying for remedial measures. So, this commitment is a major achievement. Here, I have given the goals, paused the video and go through it. Apart from this framework, two other outcomes are important. One is regarding resource mobilization. For example, the global environment facility was requested to establish special trust fund called GBF fund. It is to support the implementation of GBF. Second is the digital sequence information on genetic resources. This information has many commercial and non-commercial applications. For example, it is needed in pharmaceutical product development, improved crop breeding, taxonomy and the monitoring of invasive species etc. Okay, now you may think what if like the IT targets these targets are not implemented. For this, the GBF agreement has found a solution. It obligates countries to monitor and report every five years or before that. So, I hope you understand the need and outcomes of COP15. Don't you want to know what India thinks about these outcomes? Overall, Indian government has termed the agreement as positive. It sees these results as realistic and practical. But India still feels uncomfortable with one target. It is regarding the pesticides. The target is to achieve 50% reduction in both excess nutrients and the overall risk posed by pesticides and highly hazardous chemicals. According to India, having numerical global target for pesticide reduction was unnecessary. Rather, it wants the respective countries to decide on this matter. Why India is taking this stand is because India is an agricultural country. So, agriculture is the source of life, livelihoods and culture for hundreds of millions. Many other developing nations have the same situation. Thus, using pesticide is seen as an agricultural support, which India doesn't want to target. Basically, it fears that the target will have drastic efforts on India's agri-sector. Author of this editorial is critical of this stand of India because it is a well-documented fact that pesticides have adverse effects on environment. Plus, India sees itself as the champion of conservation. But even then, India refusing to agree this target seems old-fashioned to the author. The conclusion is, for the greater good, India might consider to do away with pesticides but in the longer run. Currently, rationalizing the use of pesticides is definitely needed. So, let's wait and see what are India's action in this regard. With this, we have come to the end of this discussion. Through this discussion, we have seen about the Convention of Biological Diversity and the outcomes of the recently-yielded COP15 to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity. And finally, we also saw about India's reaction to the outcomes of the COP15 With these learned points, now let's move on to the next news-article discussion. Take a look at this article. It says that Moscow launched a kamikaze drone attack on Ukraine. And Ukraine said that the drones attacked the key infrastructure located in and around this capital city, Kiev. According to Ukrainian Air Force, its air defenses shot down literally 30 drones. And as per the article, it is the third Russian air attack on the Ukrainian capital in six days. This is the crux of the news article given here. In this context, let us try to understand about kamikaze drones. So, what are these kamikaze drones? See, the name kamikaze is derived from a tactic attack adopted by Japanese during World War II. During World War II, the pilots of the fighter planes of Japan engaged in a suicide attack mission. In the suicide attack, the pilots of the fighter planes with explosive will intentionally crash into an enemy target. This is done to cause maximum damage. And this type of attack is only termed as kamikaze attack. And you may wonder what's the connection between the World War II Japanese kamikaze tactic to the drones which are attacking the Ukrainian city, Kiev. See, like the Japanese planes, these modern kamikaze drones are also destroyed after striking the target. And this is why these drones are called as kamikaze drones. See, these are small unmanned aircraft packed with explosives. These can be flown directly over a tank or a group of troops. After the drones hit the target, the drone will explode and the tank or the troops will be destroyed. See, these drones are also called as loitering missiles because they hover around the target area for some time before the attack. And it will attack only after the target is located. Now, let us see the significance of these drones. The major significance of these modern drones are that they have the capability of suppressing traditional defenses. This means that these drones will not be detected by traditional defense systems of the enemies. Know that these small lethal drones are difficult to detect on radar. And the other significance is that they are cheaper than their larger counterparts. Thirdly, these drones can be programmed to hit targets without any human intervention. Now, with the information about the significance of the drones, let us see the specifications of the drones. See, these drones are also called as switchblade drones because their blade-like wings spring out on launch. Switchblade has a feature that allows the operator to adjust the blade radius so that it can kill the targeted location or person alone. For example, it can be adjusted to kill the driver of a vehicle but not a passenger. The weapon can be abouted up to two seconds before impact in the event of a mistake or a risk to civilian. This is one another significance of these drones. And according to Arrow Vironment, the manufacture of these drones come in two sizes. The first one is switchblade 300. It generally weighs around 5 pounds and it flies up to 15 minutes at a time. It is designed to be carried in a little backpack. The second one is switchblade 600. It weighs about 10 times more than switchblade 300. It weighs around 50 pounds and it flies up to 40 minutes. And these are used to target much bigger armored vehicles. These are the two types of switchblades. With this, we have come to the end of this discussion. Through this discussion, we saw about the term kamikaze and we also seen about the drones used by Moscow to target the key infrastructure around the key city. With this, we have come to the end of this discussion. With these key points in mind, now let's move on to the next article discussion. Take a look at this snippet taken from the text and context page of the Hindu. It reports about the funding by Food and Agricultural Organization to Sri Lanka. It has provided nearly 1.4 million dollars to support the vulnerable Sri Lankan households. who are suffering due to the ongoing economic crisis. So in this regard, let us see about FAO. Food and Agricultural Organization leads the international efforts to defeat Angar. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations. See, the United Nations is made up of the UN itself and a series of programs, funds and specialized agencies. They all have their own leadership and budget. In that regard, the specialized agencies are independent international organizations which are funded by both voluntary and assessed contributions. Now coming to the goal of FAO. See, FAO's goal is twofold. One is to achieve food security for all. Second is to make sure that people have regular access to enough high quality food to lead active healthy lives. See, these are the two main goals of Food and Agricultural Organization. Now coming to the members. See, it has 195 members. Totally 194 countries and the European Union. India is also a member of FAO. It also has two associate members namely Faro Islands and Tokalau. Another fact about FAO, which you need to know about, is the flagship publication series of it. It is the state of the world publications. These publications are global reports which provide a comprehensive overview of the most pressing global issues and challenges affecting the world today. The series includes five reports. Now let us look at these five reports one by one. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture is the first report. It is a bilinear report which analyzes the status of global stocks as well as trends in fisheries and aquaculture at a global and regional level. The state of the world's forest, it is the second report. See, it is also a bilinear report which presents data and analysis on the interaction between forest and the people. Next is the state of food security and nutrition in the world. See, it is an annual flagship report jointly prepared by FAO, International Fund for Agricultural Development, UNICEF, World Food Program and WHO. Next report is the state of food and agriculture. It is one of the FAO's major annual publication. It aims to bring balanced science-based assessments of important issues in the field of food and agriculture. Finally comes the state of agriculture commodity markets report. It presents commodity market issues in agriculture markets. These are all the five major publications brought out by FAO. With this, we have come to the end of this discussion. Through this discussion, we have seen about FAO, its goal, also about its members and finally we saw about some of the publications brought out by it. With these learn points, now let's move on to the next news article discussion. Take a look at this article taken from the foreign page of the Hindu. It says that Dutch Prime Minister officially apologised for two-fifty years of the Netherlands' involvement in slavery. He even called it as a crime against humanity. As per the article, the apology is coming one-fifty years after the end of slavery in the European countries overseas colonies. This is about the news article given here. In this context, let us understand about the differences between imperialism and colonialism. First of all, let us see about the term colonialism. See, colonialism is the practice of one country taking full or partial control over another country. Here, the term control means political, social and economic control of a dependent country or territory. See, colonialism occurs when people from one country settle in another country for the purpose of exploiting its people and natural resources present there. Colonial powers typically attempt to impose their own language, culture and the indigenous population of the territories that they colonise. Let's take the case of Australia. Australia before 18th century was populated only by the indigenous people who had been living there for centuries. Suddenly, European colonisers found that there was a large barren continent present in the southern hemisphere which has led to colonising attempts by the Europeans. It resulted in indigenous population getting replaced by the coloniser's population, indigenous culture and their way of living all got wiped out within the next 200 years. Presently, Australia is an English speaking country with predominantly European population living there. With this example, you would have got an idea what is colonialism is all about. The example which I used to elaborate upon the term colonialism is an example of settler colonialism. See, India was also colonised by the British but it was different. It was not settler colonialism but exploitation colonialism. Here, the coloniser will try to exploit the indigenous population for its resources. British colonisation of India and the subsequent phenomenon of drain of wealth explains this exploitation colonialism. This is all about the term colonialism. Now, coming to the term imperialism. See, imperialism is similar to colonialism. It also involves the process of controlling another territory of people by a country which is nowhere related to that territory. Imperialism refers to political or economic control either formally or informally. In simple words, colonialism is said to be the practice and imperialism is said to be the ideology that drives the practice. Now, let us see the major differences between the two. Firstly, as we already saw, colonialism is a term where a country conquers and rules over other regions. It means exploiting the resources of the conquered country for the benefit of the conqueror. On the other hand, imperialism means creating an empire and expanding into the neighbouring regions and expanding its dominance far from its empire. The famous imperial powers of the past decades were Roman imperialism and British imperialism. This is all about the first difference. Secondly, in colonialism, people moved to new territory and lived there as permanent settlers. I already gave you an example how Australia was colonised by European settlers. One another example is South Africa. In Australia, the native population was totally wiped out. But in South Africa, there is still a large amount of native population. From this, we can say that in colonialism, the coloniser may have settled in the colonised territory. But imperialism is just exercising power over the conquered region, either through sovereignty or indirect mechanisms of control. In imperialism, the victors don't settle in the conquered territories. Thirdly, know that colonialism dates back to only 15th century. It is when the Europeans started to look outside their country for pursuing trade with other nations. But imperialism has its origin dating back to the Romans. So, imperialism has a longer history than compared to colonialism. Finally, note that examples of colonialism include settlements of places like India, Australia, North America, Algeria, New Zealand and Brazil. Examples of imperialism include Roman, British imperialism and the American domination of Puerto Rico and the Philippines. These are all the differences between colonialism and imperialism. See, these are not stark differences, but there lies a minute difference. When you think over what I discussed till now. With this, we have come to the end of this discussion. Through this discussion, we have seen about the terms colonialism, imperialism and some of the minor differences between colonialism and imperialism. With this, let's move on to the next article discussion. Have a look at this text and context article here. It speaks about carbon markets. Why suddenly this is in news? See, recently the parliament has paused the energy conservation amendment bill. See, this bill empowers the central government to establish carbon markets in India. That's why carbon markets made news today. Now, in this context, let's learn about carbon markets in detail. First of all, what are carbon markets? See, carbon markets are a tool which aims to put a price on carbon emissions. The carbon markets also sought to establish emission trading systems. See, emission trading systems is nothing but the system which provides the platform for buying and selling the carbon credits or carbon allowances. Which agreement provides for a carbon market? See, article 6 of the 2015 Paris Agreement provides for the use of carbon markets. As per this article only, the Indian government tries to establish the carbon markets. Now, we will see about them in detail. As we saw earlier, carbon markets sought to establish trading systems where carbon credits or carbon allowances can be brought and sold in the market. Know that a carbon credit is a kind of tradable permit. See, as per the UN standards, carbon credit equals 1 ton of carbon dioxide removed, reduced or sequestered from the atmosphere. See, this is as per UN standards. Now, coming to the types of carbon markets. See, there are broadly two types of carbon markets. They are compliance market and voluntary markets. Now, let's see them one by one. Firstly, let's take voluntary markets. See, in voluntary markets, the emitters such as corporations, private individuals and others will buy carbon credits to offset the emissions made by them. Know that the carbon credits are created by activities such as afforestation, greener energy production etc. Because these activities reduce CO2 from the air. Then, in a voluntary market, a corporation purchases carbon credits from an entity which is engaged in projects that reduce, remove, capture or avoid emissions. Now, why does a corporation purchase carbon credit? See, they purchase the carbon credits to compensate for their unavoidable emissions. For example, in the aviation sector, the airlines may purchase carbon credits to offset the carbon footprint of the flights they operate. Now, talking about compliance markets. See, the compliance markets are set up by policies at the national, regional or international level and they are officially regulated. This means that the compliance markets are regulated by the government. So, the corporations and private individuals must other to the principles which are put forward by the government. This is all about the types. Now, coming to India specific information. See, India already has two certificates related to climate change. They are renewable energy certificates and energy saving certificates. Now, the energy conservation bill 2020 empowers the center to specify a carbon credits trading scheme. These new carbon credit certificates will be of tradable nature. Under the bill, the central government or an authorized agency will be able to issue carbon credit certificates. This is all about carbon credit trading scheme in India. With this, we have come to the end of this discussion. Through this discussion, we saw about the term carbon credits and also about India's plan for establishing carbon trading scheme. With these learned points, now let's move on to the next part of our discussion, which is nothing but the prelims practice question discussion. Today, I have taken five different questions for our discussion. Four will be discussed by me and one will be quiz question for you. Now, coming to the first question, let me read out the question for you. Which of the following statements are incorrect about food and agricultural organization? Statement one, it is an human body. See, the statement is correct. We have seen about this in the discussion itself. Now, coming to the second statement. European Union is the only member organization of FAO. See, the statement is also correct. As of now, EU is the only member organization, other are member nations. Now, coming to the third statement. World Food Program is the food agency of FAO. See, the statement is incorrect. World Food Program is the food aid agency of the United Nations system, which was created in the year 1963. It provides food aid to save lives in emergency situations, to improve the nutrition and quality of life of the most vulnerable people at crucial times in their lives. Here, note that it works sometime with FAO, but not an agency of FAO. Rather, it is an agency of UN. So, statement three is wrong. Since the question asks for the incorrect statement, the correct answer for this question will be option D, three only. Now, coming to the second question. Consider the following statements regarding comic acid drones. First statement, it is also called as loitering missiles because they hover around the target area for some time and attack after the target is locked. See, this is correct. This we saw in the discussion itself. Cami acid drones are also called as loitering missile because they hover around the target area for some time and it will attack only after the target is located. Statement one is correct. Now, coming to the second statement. Cami acid drones got their name from a tactic attack adapted by Germany during the World War II. See, this statement is incorrect. The name Cami acid is derived from a tactic adapted by Japanese during the World War II. So, this statement is wrong. Now, coming to the answer of this question. The correct answer for this question is option A, one only. Now, moving on to the third question. See, it is also a two statement question. We are asked to find out the correct statement. Statement one. Dutch was the first European country to establish control over Policat. See, this statement is incorrect. Portuguese was the first European country to establish control over Policat region. Portuguese controlled this region from the year 1502 but they were overthrown by Dutch when they built a fort in the Policat region in the year 1613. So, statement one is incorrect. Now, coming to the second statement. Dutch won the battle of Bidara and established themselves as a leading commercial company in Bengal. See, this statement is incorrect. See, this battle is also called as battle of Chinsura or battle of Oogli. This battle took place in the year 1759 and it was won by British and not Dutch. See, Dutch lost this battle and ended commercial relations with India and concentrated on Dutch East Indies which is also called as Indonesia. See, both the statements given here are wrong. So, the correct answer for this question is option D, neither one nor two. Now, coming to the last question. See, this is a previous year question. Let me read out the question. Which one of the following best describes the term greenwashing? See, the correct answer for this question is option A. Greenwashing is the process of conveying a false impression or providing misleading information about how a company's product or more environmentally sound. Greenwashing is generally done by multinational companies to make an impression that their products are sustainable in nature. So, the correct answer is option A. Here is the quiz question displayed for you. Interested aspirants can post the right answer in the comment section. With this, we have come to the end of the prelims practice question discussion. The main practice question is displayed here. Interested aspirants can write the answer and post it in the comment section. With this, we have come to the end of this discussion. If you have liked our video, please hit the like button, do comment and share it with your friends. Thank you for listening.