 Hello, I'm Dr. Sunil Kini, consultant joint replacement and arthroscopy surgeon at Manipar Hospital's Bangalore. To start off with hip and knee replacements, I'm one of the most successful joint replacement surgeries all around the globe. The recovery after knee replacement starts immediately after surgery. First, we start mobilizing the patient or walking the patient on the same day or probably the next day after surgery. We start with the gentle knee range of motion or bending exercises. We also make the patient first to stand up and then even walk a few steps if possible on the first day itself. The goal is to get the knee to bend about 90 degrees by the time the patient is discharged. We also have set a few more goals at the time of discharge. Firstly, the patient should be able to use the toilet themselves. The patient should walk a considerable distance out of the ward. The patient should have pain-free joint, the range of motion as I previously said to about 90 degrees. The knee pain and swelling should be at a minimum during the time of discharge. Once the patient goes home, we have a physiotherapy team which visits the patient home. It's very important that the physiotherapy continues four or six weeks after surgery and not just during the hospital admission. So the goal at home is to continue with the knee exercises which includes the strengthening of the muscles around the knee, the quadriceps, the hamstring muscles. It also includes improving the range of motion to say maximum to about 130 degrees, which is possible. It also includes that the patient's swelling and the pain considerably goes down. It is important to note that the improvement in knee joint surgery in terms of pain can occur up to about three months after surgery so that anyone comes to me at three months down the line with some amount of pain that is expected. Similarly, the swelling can be there for a considerable duration, say six months or 12 months after surgery, which is considered normal. In terms of walking aid, we advise the patient to use a walker immediately after surgery, see up to the first couple of weeks and once the patient is comfortable in terms of pain and mobility, then we advise the patient to use a crutch or a walking stick. So this is usually for either two to three weeks. So by about four to six weeks, the patient can be independent without using any aid. Also if patients like want to drive, we advise that it would be advisable for a minimum of six weeks before the patient can start driving again. And also for people who want to ride a stationary bike, about six weeks to three months would be an ideal target to look at.