 I hope you are well and also good morning, good afternoon, and good evening from my site. My name is Fabian Burkhardt. I'm working in the ANG Data Center in the annual ANG statistics team. And among other topics, I am working on the renewable and waste fuel. Without further ado, I'm going to start with the presentation that will also be followed by some exercises later on, guided by myself and my colleague Riccardo. Yeah, the presentation is divided into three different parts. In the first one, I will talk about the key renewable trends worldwide. And then I will go over to some key statistics concepts specific for renewables. And lastly, I will go over the structure of the renewables and the waste questionnaire. Let's start with a quick question to make this session as interactive as possible. I encourage you to go to Manty, as you have previously done already in the exercises and also in the beginning of the session. The code is 44389950. And you can ask the question that can be seen here. Which renewable energy do you think takes the largest portion in total energy supply in the world? I really encourage you to take part. This makes you participate. And also, I'm very eager to learn about your opinion about that. We can already see some answers dropping in. Hydro is so far the clear leader with around 20 votes. Going to wait for some more. We have many participants in the room. There are also some votes for solid biofuels, some for just one for PV. But I guess that we definitely have a clear winner for Hydro with now 33 votes. The correct answer is solid biofuels. And I'm going to explain also why this is the case in the next slide. It's very easy to be able to mistake that. In this slide, you can see the total energy supply of the world in total on the left-hand side and on the right-hand side, it's zoomed in on the renewable for the year 2020. And indeed, the largest portion of renewables, if you have a look on the right-hand side, was biofuels and waste. And the largest component of this was solid biofuels. When we talk about renewables, the first thing that may come to your mind are renewable electricity services such as solar PV, wind power or Hydro. But the renewable product most used in the world is still biomass that is mainly converted into heat, which is largely consumed in the developing countries for heating and cooking purposes. And this is very important to remember. As you can see from this slide, there are several energy products that have increased greatly in the last three decades. It's good to see that your renewable pace is slightly higher than the total energy supply rate, which is around 1.6%. And this is mainly due to favorable policies for renewables, especially for at the moment solar PV and wind. But as we've previously seen, the share in total energy supply is still around 15%. And it's necessary that renewables contribution grow faster. Since, yeah, well, you're all aware of that, renewables are the key for decommunization of the energy sector. Looking at some more recent trends on this slide, you can see the evolution of renewable energy supply between 2019 and 2020 in the OECD area. The total energy supply from renewables continued to grow, but at a lower pace when compared to previous years. In particular, the wind energy slowed down, mostly due to low wind speed in northern Europe and also hydro generation decreased compared to 2020. And it was lowest rate since 2001. This is mainly because of severe droughts, particularly significant in the US and Turkey. However, after the 2020 drop due to widespread lockdowns, liquid biofuels consumptions, for instance, bounced back in most of the countries. Also, it is very obvious that solar PV in the OECD area continued its rapid growth in almost all the countries, reaching an increase of more than 50% compared to 2020 in 2021. In the chart on the left hand side on this slide, you can see the share of renewables around the world and you can clearly see that Africa has the largest share with around 50%. Here, we get actually back to what I've said about solar biofuels and what I've been asking you in the mentee that solar biofuels use in the global south and the developing country is very high. Indeed, the renewable product most used in Africa and in other regions except the OECD is biomass and this is mostly due to rather traditional way of the usage of biomass that principally means burning the fuel rather inefficiently in small appliances. In the OECD countries, biomass is less used and generally in a more, yeah, let's say a modern way, for example, for producing electricity and or heat. Still in the OECD, which you can see the share is one of the lowest, the renewable development has been significant in the last years, especially to generate electricity, but there are energy intensive final consumption sectors, such as the transport sector, that are still heavily reliant on fossil fuels. Concerning the sectoral consumption on the right-hand side, on the right-hand side of the slide, again, the green slice is mainly composed of the traditional use of biomass and the electricity plants slice is what we should pursue to expand since you would like to electrify the final consumption sector as much as possible and thus to decarbonize this sector. This already leads me to the final slide of this first section, where you can see the world electricity production in which renewables represent around 28%. Within renewables, hydro is now the most widespread and thus I can give you a point for that. Hydro is the most widespread source for electricity production within renewables. Solar PV and wind are the two that have grown faster in the last years posing new challenges since they are intermittent and the generation does not always match the amount. Yeah, I invite you to follow the strategies proposed by the agency to face these challenges and yeah, let's move on to the key concept section now. Already in the second part of the presentation, you can see here on this slide the classification of the renewables and waste. It is classified into four different groups and this classification is based on the form of primary energy considered from a statistical point of view, which is very important and how this form can be converted into one annular. I explain this starting from the first group, which is electricity only. If you consider a wind or hydro, the first form of energy that is generated is mechanical energy, for example, from the rotation of a wind turbine, which is then converted into electricity. From a statistical point of view, we consider electricity as the primary form of energy since the mechanical energy in almost all cases is directly converted into electricity. And the mechanical energy would not be of interest from a statistical point of view since electricity is the first common markable commodity that is generated. Coming to the second and fourth group, the primary form is heat. For the second group, the production is considered in the form of heat because in this case, there are two possible outlets, heat that can be directly used, for example, using q-thermal heat for district heating or heat that can be used to generate electricity. Yeah, for instance, in a solar thermal power plant. Coming to the fourth group, this includes heat extracted from the environment and used in heat pumps. And in this case, this is not possible to convert it into electricity. So it is separated in this category. In the third group, we have combustible fuels, sort of primary form of energy we consider the fuels themselves and it is the only form that can be stored within renewables. On this slide, you can see the solid biofuels classification. So zooming in into solid biofuels, on the center of the slide, you can see the definition. And yeah, they all considered primary products here. The products that you can see here, except charcoal, which is derived from the carbonization of wood. There might be some products on the slide that need some explanations. I will pick one or two of them. One of them I will talk about is black liquor on the left-hand side, which is a by-product of the paper manufacturing process. It is actually liquid, but it is conventionally considered within the solid biofuels because it's composition and use of the substances more similar to solid than conventional liquid biofuels. Then we also have the renewable industrial waste that is solid organic matter on the right bottom. It is considered within the solid biofuels. The most common product of it is the natural rubber components of waste tires. You're still not sure if a product can be considered solid biofuels or industrial waste. Feel free to reach out to us and we will talk and discuss about it. To engage you again a bit, I have on this slide another mentee question. Feel free to go to mentee.com again with the code that is provided on the slide for 438-9950 and answer the question here again. I want to know your opinion about what is an example of how wood is used in energy statistics. We have four different answers this time as material for making furniture, burning for home heating, wood residues burned in a landfill, landfill or none of these. I hope the mentee's working, yeah. Now I can see the first answers dropping in. Give you a bit more time. Okay, the clear winner I guess. We don't need to wait anymore. Thank you for all the answers. We like to see that many of you are participating here. Yeah, the correct answer is indeed burning for home heating. It is clearly an energy purpose that we can report in the residential sector of the final consumption. Let's shortly talk about why not the others. Furniture is non-energy use and wood residues burn in a landfill. From what is written, you can't deduce that the energy generated from it is used somehow and the material could be burned just to reduce its volume basically only for instance ash remains. And this is not energy use and none of these is not correct either. Thank you. Okay, let's go to the statistics of solid biofuels and biogases. Now that I've given you an overview of the renewable products, let me clarify the statistical boundaries for some of them according to the international recommendations. Regarding biofuels, actually most of them are made from other sources. For example, landfill gas originates from waste in landfills and by gas from sugarcane. As you can hear, see on the slide. But we assume that landfill gas and by gas are the primary products to be consistent with the international definitions, iris and also because if we don't, it can lead to an exponential amount of work in data collection. Having said that, it is likely that in the future, some new transformation flows will be collected. For example, gasification of pyrolysis processes that transform solid biofuels into gases biofuels. At the moment, however, we consider primary energy product, the gas that is produced. Let's go over to this slide where you can see a lot of numbers and I want to explain you and to see how liquid biofuels are reported in a renewable questionnaire compared to the oil questionnaire because often we can see some difficulties in the reporting. In a renewable one, we report only the pure liquid biofuels. This means that you don't have to report the portion of biofuels blended with oil products. You report blender products in the oil questionnaire. The example which you can see here is a country that produces 1000 kilotons of diesel containing 10% of biodiesel. Half of this product is exported and the other half is used in road transport. So 100 kilotons of biodiesel are produced in the country and are reported in a renewable production of biodiesel. But the other flows trade in final consumption concerning the blended products. Therefore, they are reported only in the oil questionnaire. In the renewable balance, you report the production of biodiesel and then in the transformation sector, this amount will be reported under the flow for blending with diesel and other oil products. In this way, pure liquid biofuels are transferred to blended products. This concept now that I've introduced also applies to biogasers when biogasers are blended with natural gas. Also, this is very important to understand because this is one of the peculiarities of the renewables questionnaire. Let's go to the next slide where we can, sorry, where you can already see the renewable data sources similar to the one from the oil presentation. For a supply site, data can be collected from energy producers, importers, exporters, by-for-demand site, data can be collected from households, enterprises, and so on. Data can be collected through surveys or using administrative data, but very often an integrated approach is adopted that means using different ways of collecting data and making estimations where needed in order to gather the values for all the energy products and flows that we need. This is totally fine. Just keep in mind the methodology should be kept the same or if there are some changes in methodologies, this should also be reported. Let's have a closer look at the different types of data collection, surveys and automatic transfer of data is the best way to collect data directly. However, especially surveys in the conventional manner are usually time-consuming and expensive. So it's difficult to carry them out every year. What is generally done here is that a survey is made every two or three years and the estimations are consequently made for the coming years. Concerning the administrative data as a second point, they are generally data collected from governmental bodies in response to legislation, policies, regulations. These are more economical, but it's necessary to pay attention to a product and definitions and inconsistencies to do the lack of expertise or to the lack of discrepancies and definitions in the data. Then you can also get measured data and finally in absence of data sources, you can make estimations. Here's an example for solar PV in case you need electricity generation, but you have only information on capacity installed. You can, for instance, calculate a generation assuming a capacity factor, which is for solar PV around 12 and 15%. Now, already before moving to the last part, this slide shows you an overview of the different sources and different services that we provide by the agency. I'll let them explore by yourself the presentation is available for you. Coming to the last part now to the questionnaire, on this slide, you can see the structure of the questionnaire. You can see six tables, sometimes they are split up by A and B. Even if you don't use the questionnaire and if you don't have to submit it, it can still be used for cross checks for the products and flows that we collect with what you have in your database. There are different checks, automatic sums that you can adopt for your data validation. It can be usable thus for reference. Coming now to the first table. The first table is used to report the cross electricity and heat production. As you can imagine, maybe these values should be consistent with the electricity questionnaire. Even though here we collect more details for the renewable products. The table is divided into two parts. See here, the cross electricity production reported in gigawatt hours and the heat production reported in teratual. The producers are classified as keepers and auto producers. I think you may notice. These are then further divided into electricity only plants combined heat and power plants and heat only plants. Regarding the heat reporting, all heat production from main activity producer plants should be reported while in case of auto producers, only heat sold to third parties should be reported. Also, this is very important to keep in mind because here we can sometimes see some difficulties again. Jumping to the table 2A. It is definitely the largest table with 13 energy products listed across the top and 60 flows. Regarding the definition of energy products, I think that you already know that we follow the international recommendations on energy statistics. So all recommendations and all definitions are deducted from that. Most products are reported in teratual on a net calorific basis, except for charcoal and liquid biofuels, which are reported in kilotons. If you see the rows, this is broken up into supply, transformation, energy sector and final energy consumption, which can be seen here, it's very small, but it is broken up in these different sectors. Final energy consumption is then divided into industry, transport and other sectors, which include residential, agriculture and so on. In case of energy sector and final energy consumption, the flow should be reported according to the international standard industrial classification. Now coming to table 3A, this table is smaller and has four parts. It contains very important information used to verify the information entered in other tables. The first part collects data on maximum electrical capacity of the renewable plants. If the electricity generation, for instance, is reported in table one, then the capacity should also be reported here by type and size, and this is reported in megawatts. Concerning solar collector surface, it is reported in 1000 square meters, and let me specify really that this does not include solar PV surface nor solar thermal power collector surface, CSP. It's only about solar thermal collector mainly used in the residential sector to heat the water. Then we also have the production capacity of liquid biofuels that is reported in kilotons per year. And finally, we collect also the average net calorific value of the various liquid biofuels and charcoal, which you can see on the bottom right. The next table, table four gives a detailed breakdown of production of solid biofuels and biogasas. For example, solid biofuel is divided into fuel wood, like liquor, biogas, animal waste, other vegetable materials and residues, and also industrial waste, the renewable part of industrial waste. These figures should all be reported in teratools. The important thing is that the total amount of production of solid biofuels in table four should match the number reported in indigenous production of solid biofuels on table two. Again, the same principle applies to the biogasas. Coming to slide five and to table six and five, which is dedicated for imports by country of origin and also for export of country by destination. At the moment, the products concerned are liquid biofuels and wood pellet, since they are just very easy, the most rated commodities, but there could be changes in the future for now those two are reported. It's a bit easier and now I want to almost end with a schematic overview of the relationships between the renewable questionnaire and other annual questionnaires, especially the renewable questionnaire has a strong relationship with electricity questionnaire and as pointed out for oil for liquid biofuels. As you can see, there are many, many links in tables which we then use to validate the data. Here are to conclude the presentation, a few helpful links and some documents that could be of interest for you. I will let them again explore by yourselves. The presentation is available to you. Here are our mail addresses that you can see on the bottom, which you can always reach out to. It's renewableacq.org, if you have any questions, feel free to reach out to us and we are happy to answer.