 Welcome to the interview board. Subham, if you would like to know about you, can you please introduce yourself? My name is Subham Sureshwar. I'm from the area district of Uttar Pradesh. I've done my high schooling from St. George's College in Anital. I'm a senior secondary education from Delhi. So, thereafter I got an opportunity to sell in Delhi University. And so, where I pursued become an artist. I'm a founder of swimming. And after my graduation, I have been preparing for a civil service. Okay. What made you to prepare for civil services? What is the motivation for you to aspire for IAS? There are multiple motivations which move me and push me to become an IAS officer. The first among them being the nature of job opportunities. An IAS officer gets to work in different areas like health, education, finance. So secondly, we get leadership role at an young age. And thirdly, sir, there is social respect for civil servants in the society. And I believe that will help me to make my parents proud. And so lastly, civil services is a platform where the young minds of the country come and work. I want to be a part of such a platform, learn from the people and grow as a person. Oh, very good. That's nice. Growth and development, self-improvement. Okay, very, very impressive. So you come from UP. Recently during this Corona pandemic, we found millions of people from southern states even walking, cycling, getting into the truck, coming back to UP. And the word migrant workers were widely used. And later it was modified to be gas workers. So which is not a very good condition that people come and work so far away in very difficult situations. And being a migrant worker is not given proper accommodation or food or facilities. And they desperately would like to go back to their own states. So even after 70 years of independence, we are not able to find people home. In this, they have to really earn livelihood under very adverse and deplorable conditions. What are the reasons for continuation of nowhere, no Russia, nor in China, nor in any other states, none of the European countries we have seen such a scene, very pathetic scene in the generations. What is the reason for this? There are multiple reasons for the same. The first among them being in the 60s when we started with the Green Revolution. Then we see agriculture prospering in only a few pockets of the country, the western UP, the states of Punjab and Maharashtra. Secondly, the economic reforms of 1991, this also led to concentration of growth in a few pockets in the industrial regions of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. And opportunities for employment were not created in less developing states such as UP, Bihar, Odisha, Jharkhand. So these states also have a large population. The population density is large and the mineral resources found in Uttar Pradesh is not much. So people in order to find employment opportunities are migrated back to other states. You say that local development, regional development, Tamil Nadu is developing, Gujarat is developing. But government is pumping in more money to the UP, to Uttar Pradesh only, long, long time. So I don't know whether you can blame government. Don't you think population is a big problem? And UP also has not succeeded in taking up the issue of population control? Yes sir, I would not say population is a problem. But yes, population has not been productively used. And opportunities have not been created to absorb the population of UP in the industries and provide them gainful employment. So yes sir, we need to tackle population growth and the rate of growth of population in UP. Regional imbalance as you said. But what about income disparity between the rich and the poor? The poor have become richer by any way. What is the real situation? 70 years, what happened? Did the money is equally distributed or the trickle-down theory? Is the money or the incremental wealth is distributed among the public? Doesn't it happen? I'm afraid sir, it did not actually happen as we had planned. And there is still a wide disparity in terms of income. And sir, I'd also like to add here that there's not just income inequality but also social inequality in the states of UP. And especially people belonging to the Dalit community and the Adiwathis they try to move out from the rural areas so as to be saved from the social ostracization they save and they migrate to other states. Yeah, okay, okay, okay. So at this point in time when the country is facing so much problem and do you think the priority or senior important priority of Ram Mandir it will be a nice thing to do as a student of commerce, right? Does it in any way help alleviate the poverty of Uttar Pradesh? I'm sorry sir, there was an internet break on the other question. That is the situation of the people of Uttar Pradesh going for a temple with huge investment. Is it going to help in any way reducing the poverty of your state? Yes sir, I strongly believe that focusing on temple building would not be as productive when we should use the money available to fund industries, to set up agro processing industries in Uttar Pradesh but having said that we have to look at the holistic development because India is a religious society where religion is the epicenter of individuals. So we need to look at the both aspects but I strongly agree that the funds available as meager as they are should be productive in industries and in agro processing industries. Okay, level on poverty, unemployment or associated issues. But I am now worried about the law and order in Uttar Pradesh. So in Uttar Pradesh this year itself 103 people were killed in encounters and even today's hottest topic is that really Kanpur. Is it Kanpur in Gondar? Yes. So do you as an aspirant for civil services as a DM of a district later as secretary to the Home Department, what is your take on this encounter that has taken place recently? Do you approve of this? Sir, I personally strongly disapprove of encounters because I believe that the constitution believes in reformative justice and not retributive justice. And secondly, encounters should be only used as the last resort only to protect oneself. And secondly sir, there are allegations of the current encounter of being a fake encounter. So because of that larger conspiracies are not able to be pernurced and the police and the society is not able to find the nexus between the gangsters and the politicians and the police administration as such. So encounters should be the last resort. And when encounters take place, the CEL judgment of the Supreme Court that it gave in 2014, the guidelines should be followed in letter in spirit. Suppose if you are the DGP of a state, what are the measures you will take to prevent police excesses, police brutality or extra judicial killings? Sir, as the DGP of the state, I would like to lead an example. So I will try to sensitize my subordinates and give them a stern warning that our role is of investigation and maintaining law and order. It is the role of the judiciary to give punishment to the criminals. And secondly, I would sensitize them that encounters should be used only at the last resort. Okay, what is the procedure to be followed if somebody dies in police custody? Sir, I have little knowledge on the same but as per the Supreme Court guidelines, the first thing is that report has to be sent to the National Human Rights Commission. Secondly, the firearms used in the encounter have to be submitted. And thirdly, individuals involved in the encounter should not get out of turn promotion. Only these things I am able to recall. An inquiry by a judicial magistrate, as per the CRPC 176 CRPCs, an inquiry by a judicial magistrate. Okay, why do people conduct police conduct post-mortem? Why do we now they conduct post-mortem with two doctors, team of doctors, under the video camera surveillance, video recording. Why do they do that? What is the purpose of the post-mortem? Sir, I have limited knowledge on the topic but I believe it is done to certain the cause of death of the individual. Okay, thank you. Good afternoon, Shubham. Good afternoon, sir. Good afternoon, Shubham. Yeah, Shubham, when we have, when we discuss the social situation in India, often we use the expression marginalized people. Well, what is that actually mean? Who marginalizes them? Why do they get marginalized? What is that? What are we really mean by that expression marginalized? Sir, from the term marginalized, I infer that it refers to individuals who have not been able to get the benefits of the economic development in the country. Sir, the marginalized may include women, may include elderly population, may include the so-called low-cost people, the forest dwellers. So they can be different categorization of marginalized. The people who are in the rural areas of India, who are working in the farms, they are not beneficiaries of much of the government projects. Are they marginalized? Can we say they are marginalized? No, sir, I think it would not be correct to say they are marginalized, because the government is taking different steps to provide good facilities and to ascertain that the development of the rural areas. Sir, I think I've lost the internet connection here. Yeah, so, Saravanan, IRS, please. Yes. Subha, I saw you for taking your peak in at the age of 10. Why did you stop that habit? Are you still continuing that habit? I am unable to hear you, sir. Actually, I saw in your DAF that you climbed a peak at the age of 10. Yes, sir. So, did you continue that hobby or you stopped pursuing that hobby? Sir, I've tried to continue the hobby. I've studied till class 10 in Nainital and there I was privileged enough to go for treks and engage in mountain climbing. Suppose that my opportunities to visit hilly places have been limited, but any opportunity I get, I make sure that I pursue my hobby. Okay. So, were there any valuable lessons which you learn from people who are living in hilly regions? Whether something impressed you from them or did you take any lessons from them? There are quite a few lessons we can take and I personally took. Firstly, it is the way they live. It's the environmental sustainability. They live in harmony with the nature. They love the nature and to them, sir, the environment is always above development. Secondly, it is the method of controlling wastage. Any waste that is generated, they make sure that the view is it and make it used from post of it, the biodegradable waste. These two I can remember as of now. Okay. So, what do you think about the recent dilution of environmental impact assessment by the Ministry of Environment and Forests? Do you think it is a ill-conceived step? Sir, I personally am not in favour of diluting the provisions of environmental impact assessment because I believe that environment of a region has developed over centuries and a development of, let's say, two months or two years can erode all the environmental aspects of it in a matter of a few weeks. So, always environment should be kept up about development but having said that, when any development project has to take place, we need to carry out proper assessment and do a cost-benefit analysis and only in the situations where the economic development born out of the project are better than the environmental degradation by a huge gap, then that development should be carried out. Okay. Do you think we are seeing a politically committed judiciary now? Because we are Ambedkar called Article 32 as the Soul of the Constitution and we are seeing Hibiscus Corpus Petitions spending in Supreme Court and Kashmir 90% of applications spending in Kashmir High Court and you see majority applications are repeatedly postponed by the Supreme Court. Do you think they are abdicating their responsibility as a judiciary who should protect the civil rights of citizens? I am sorry sir, I have a little different opinion on the same. I believe the judiciary is not politically committed. The judiciary is not politically committed but it is the huge amount of vacancies. For example, the vacancy of 30% in the current judicial system. Because of that the current judiciary is not able to manage the workload and this leads to pending of such a large number of cases with the judiciary. So we need to work upon filling these vacancies and I am optimistic that the situation will improve. One connected question with this, is the Chief Justice of the Country, CJI, accept an official appointment after the retirement? Former Finance Minister Arun Jayatli said post-retirement appointment will influence the pre-retirement judgments. Is it a good practice to be do away with this practice? I personally believe that we should do away with this practice and if there is a necessity, there should be a mandatory pooling of periods of let's say two years or more because to the public, the judiciary is the last measure of social justice and as it is famously said that judges should not be done but it should be seen to be done. And it is important that the judiciary is, it is important that the judiciary is in a watertight compartment and if there is a necessity, there should be a pooling of periods. Okay, should it not be applied to the civil servants also, IAS officers, IPS officers, if they are promised a job after retirement, don't you think they are also more political in their dealings? Yes, I think a pooling of periods should be replicated to this bureaucracy as well. Yes, I agree. Okay, sit down and please. Yes, thank you. Do you think that in South Asia all the countries are prisoners of geography? If you see European Union or see South America or even see North America for that case, you can see a lot of inter-country transport and trade happening but in South Asia it is the lowest among any country, any area in the world. We are seeing very low trade and transportation between South Asian countries. Do you think it has to do with me being prisoners of geography and colonialism? Yes, sir, to an extent, the geographical factors is a problem. For instance, with Nepal, the hilly terrain is a problem to facilitate connectivity with respect to Bangladesh, the river channels and the frequent flooding is a problem but geography is only one of the factors which hinders connectivity. Also, sir, we do not have a healthy relationship with our neighbors on the western border and in the north. So that also curtails proper connectivity but having said that, we are taking very good steps in the direction of promoting connectivity. For example, we have extended the Jalmar Georgina and planning to extend the Jalmar Georgina from Haldia to Bangladesh. We have signed the motor vehicle agreement involving Myanmar, India and Thailand. So we need to move in the direction, sir. What is the difference between silk route and spice route? Silk route and spice route, what is the difference? In historical terms, the silk route was an overland route from China. Correct, sir. It was a land route connecting from China and parts of the Arab region to Europe. And the spice route was majorly a water route, an oceanic route including countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, the southern part of India. My last question for you. You said that for the connectivity purposes, India is initiating a lot of things. And how about joining BRI, the Belt Road Initiative? Because many countries are in the loop and if you join, it may help us, right? What should take place? Sir, I support the government's stand on the Belt Road Initiative because connectivity cannot override our territorial integrity and our sovereignty. So we have to follow our disputes with China and then when the disputes are solved, then we can think of joining the Belt Road Initiative. Alright, Subam Jayeswal. You may be knowing the Border Road Organization. They have an ambitious project along the LAC. Can you name the project which is probably one of the reasons why the Chinese or Jalwan aggression has happened. Do you know the route? I'm sorry sir, I do not know. Durbak Shayak, Tawlat Begoli Road. It's very important. The government of India has allotted three times the resources for this project now. Okay, so your entry is over, Subam. Jayeswal. And we would like to give you a briefing. Good. You have done extremely well. You are a good candidate, a potential candidate for scoring high marks. But sometimes when you start off, your answer was very short. The reason for joining civil services is okay. Whereas the reason why UP is still backward, why there are so many migrant laborers, regional growth or disparity or imbalance in the economic development. Only you mentioned that Gujarat and Kiparulika are not coming. But you should have really gone deep into the real reason for poorly developed infrastructure in Uttar Pradesh, probably political reasons. Probably various other cultural, social population control is very, very important. UP's other parameters are not very good. For example, two out of three children are malnourished in UP. Per capita income is very less. Quality of life is very less. So do not make a mention of low-cost people. Low-cost people, you know, they migrate. The word I don't know is that you can use this. The word I use was so-called low-cost. You can always say the labor class or poor people, something like that. Because the word itself, the cost itself, calling some people as low-cost itself is against human rights. It's not a humanitarian attitude. As civil servants, we cannot easily call some people as upper-cost and some people as lower-cost. Even though it is very much decent or civil, it doesn't really tell good about the person when he calls some people as low-cost. Even though socially it may be correct. Anyway, otherwise, okay, okay. You have really dealt with most of the questions. Well, you are confident. Your body language is good. You are able to understand the question, understand the answer to the point also. Good. I think you must be able to do well in the interview. Dr. James, Professor. Thank you, sir. Good afternoon. I haven't asked you many questions, but then what I had in my mind was the city-focused growth and the neglecting the rural areas. And it is a type of development that creates a marginalization. The marginalization comes. It is closely connected with the model of development which you are following. So rural empowerment, focus on rural which can avoid migration to cities, which we have seen recently. People go back to the village. People are migrating to cities for opportunities. More opportunities can be created in the village. Those were the areas which I wanted to find out how you are doing it. I think you are quite confident of some of the issues in this context. The rural versus the city or, you know, where things are happening. So some of the questions we can expect on those lines, I think so. Because of the recent developments, people are forced to go back to their villages. And how they live, we don't know. But it's a real condition in the rural areas. You might get a few questions on those lines, I think so. But you have done well, as you have. I wish you all the best for the interview. Thank you, sir. Please, sir, I have done that. Shubham, you really did well. And you are confident and you are really aware of what you are speaking. And at the same time, try to give a holistic perspective at times when he was asking about why UP is not comparatively developed and so many migrant laborers moving. You could have touched up on various things. For example, you could have told investment in education, healthcare is less. And it could be improved upon. And you can also have said that it's a huge, the size of the state is huge. And it becomes administratively not so easy to manage such a huge state. And you could have also said large chunk of population is involved in agriculture. And so agriculture, there is a lot of unemployment. So people move to other states for seeking better opportunities. And those sort of things you could have brought without blaming your state or politicians to the extent. This is a polite way of telling that these problems exist and we are to grapple up. And you can also brush out and find details where UP would be having, has made some strides in certain indicators. You can say we have improved to an extensor. We are not really a Bimaru state. And we are progressing and the progress needs to be more fast that you can see. So you can paint a positive picture of your state to an extent and then say that we have to improve. So you work on it because these questions can be expected. So there can be questions on how to deal with this migrant crisis. And you can anticipate and I saw that you are a student leader. You had been a student leader in college. So they can ask about students in politics and the politicization of colleges. So be prepared and otherwise you are fine. And you really manage the judiciary question well. And but when it comes to Belt Road initiative, you know, please quote Akshay Chin. You say that the Belt Road really runs through Akshay Chin. Which India claims as our territory. So you quote the territory. And so that's important because when you say the disputed territory, it seems that the China and we are disputing. No, it is our territory. We should say Akshay Chin is our territory. So don't say it's a disputed territory. Disputed territory means it's a Chinese version. Our version is it's our territory. So otherwise it's very fine. And you really answer the questions well. And you score really well. All the very best. I have a question. Could you please tell me about the Silk Road and the Silk Road and the Spice Road? I also don't know the answer. Yeah, you should check. I read the newspaper. See the Spice Road, I think it is an initiative of Indian government. Okay. After these people have developed Silk Road, we trace our Spice Road and we are trying to do like operation Mausam and Spice Road is linked. Like what Indian government is doing is that we are trying to create, like the ports and places which are linked to Spice Road. To do a bit of study on this. What is Spice Road and Silk Road. But my understanding is that Spice Road is like, we are countering Sinha through this way. We are trying to counter. So that is my understanding. I don't know much about it because I am not a geography student. As I saw your option is geography, I post that question. Nothing else.