 الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على أشرف الأنبياء والمرسلين سيدنا ونبينا محمد وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بإحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد إن شاء الله تعالى today we are going to start for the first time مدخل إنتظار إلى علم الفق إنتظار إلى الفق سنبدأ مدخل إلى علم الفق إنتظار إلى الفق إن شاء الله تعالى هذا الأسئل ستعلم الكثير من الأشياء مثل أسئلة الأسئلة المهمة هل أستطيع أن أتبع مدهب ما هو أفضل في هذه الأسؤال ماذا سوف أتبع مدهب ماذا سوف أتبع مدهب هل يمكنك أن أتعرف عن مدهب المدهب كيف أتبع هؤلاء المدهب صح ماذا is the best way to study all of those common questions that you ask in this إن شاء الله تعالى this module you will definitely benefit and those questions will be answered for you but before anything else as we always do we define the term so we all know what we are talking about so what does الفق mean and the definition is going to be what number one لغة linguistically so the word فق what does it mean لغة in the Arabic language remember the Arabs were using this word before before the Quran came before the Quran came down they were using this term this was a term they knew so what did it mean to them the scholars they said الفق means الفهم what did they say the word الفق means what it means الفهم means comprehension some scholars they objected to that and they said no no no فق doesn't mean الفهم what does it mean it means it means فهم الدقيق a more detailed knowledge a more detailed comprehension it's not a mere understanding it's not مجرد الفهم just a mere fahm it's rather a detailed understanding like for example the word فق cannot mean فهم according to them unless it's what details like for example you can't say فق يتو النس ماء فوقانا I have come to understand that the sky is above us you can't use the word فق يتو النس ماء فوقانا because the sky being above us is something everyone can see are we all together brothers so they said using that term فق in that context is wrong but you can say فق يتو I came to understand الحكم من الآية the ruling from this verse because what does it require it requires a detailed observation صحيح and this ayat in the Quran الله سبحانه وتعالى فما لها أولاء القوم لا يكادونة يفقهون حريثة and وجعل لي وزيرا من آهلي هارونة أخي نبي الله موسى ودريسي ربش رحل صدري ويسر لي أمر العقدة من ليساني يفقه قولي ممعني يفقه قولي أيفهموا قولي so they can understand what I'm saying to them are we all together brothers الله take them not out of my mouth make my make me what eloquent when I speak and this shows you نبي الله موسى wasn't that موسى wasn't very eloquent in his speech and how he spoke are we all together who did he request for him to help him in this huh his brother هارون ولي ذلك as some of the scholars they say the greatest gift a human has given another human was the gift that نبي الله موسى gave to his brother هارون which is that he made dua for Allah to make him a what a prophet oh Allah made him a prophet right ولي ذلك as نبي الله موسى just because he wasn't eloquent enough and he couldn't express himself did he stop him from conveying the message don't have this inferiority complex where you feel like I mean I can't do this give what you have صح give what you give what you have and you'll push your abilities a lot of the times people can see the sincerity in you they can see what the sincerity and the honest and the caring that you have then what does it mean in the language فهم that's what it means in the language now we're going to go to the second one which is اصلاحاً we're going to mention how many four meanings اصلاحاً we're going to mention four meaning the first one is فق means فهم الدين it's to actually understand the whole religion the whole entire religion is فق this is the one that the messenger meant when he said من يُرِد الله به خيراً يُفقِّه في الدين حديث معاوية تنبي سفيان صحيحين right من يُرِد الله به خيراً anyone who Allah wants for him what anyone Allah سبحانه وتعالى wants for him خير what does he do يُفقِّه في الدين Allah gives him what فق in the does this mean فق as in like the فق that we know and not in عقيدة does it mean like فروع الفق here does it mean فق how to pray out of fast and then or does it mean the whole religion Allah gives you understanding that hadith is talking about فهم الدين to understand the whole religion so we're all together when it comes to the Quran doesn't use the word فق as to what these scholars refer to as so فق here is what according to here فق is what العلم and what it's knowledge with implementation that's what it means anyone Allah wants good for him what does he do he gives him فق of the religion he gives him the knowledge and he gives him the implementation to implement that knowledge that's what that hadith means it doesn't just mean that the person ولي ذلك فضيل معياد look what he said فضيل معياد defined فق what did he say إِنَّا مَالْفَقِي the true faqi is الذي أنتقاته الخشية what made him speak is the conscious and the fear of Allah when he spoke he spoke with خشية you see وأسكتت الخشية when he went quiet the fear and the خشية of Allah made him silent إذا قال قال بالكتاب والسنة if he speaks he speaks with the Quran and the sunnah وإن سكت if he's silent سكت بالكتاب and the sunnah he's silent because of the Kitab and the سنة وإن اشتبه عليه شيء if something is ambiguous he can't tell what is which وقف عنده he stops ورده إلى علمه and he refers the knowledge back to the one who has knowledge of it اي الله عز وجل are we all together brothers what did he say الله أعلم والكل من أهل الملاحي الأربع يقول لا أدري فكون متابعة so what did he define as a faqi a person who has knowledge and what has implemented it that's the faqi according to the Salaf that's what the faqi is الماب أبو حنيف رحمه الله وده he said he said الفق is معرفة نفس to really know yourself to really know yourself ما لها وما عليها to know what's for you and what's against you meaning knowing what's obligatory on you that you have to come with and that which you have to stay away from from the religion so that's the whole religion he's talking about that's what they took from the حليث ما يريد الله بخيرا يفقيه في الدين the second meaning is العلم بالأحكام الشرعية العملية المك تسابة من أدلةها التفصيل the second meaning of the word فق is in accordance to the definition of who the أصولين the scholars who deal with أصول الفق it is العلم والنالج let's underline the points that we mentioned العلم والنالج of what الأحكام الشرعية so when we say الأحكام الشرعية what do we mean what is it that you don't have knowledge of الأحكام الهندسة if you know engineering medicine أحكام العقلية rational to them أصول الفق that's not فق it's أحكام الشرعية الكتابنة سنة العملية هي ميزوات فق العملية هي ميزوات that which is not عقيدة عقيدة is علية it's not عملية are you with me brothers so here عملية ميزوات are practical things what is صق طهاره صلاة زكاء صوم حج دكاء زواج اويلت كدا المقتصبة أمين that came by way ofستمباط how did it come to you by way of استمباط what is استمباط you looked at the Quran you looked at the sunnah and you extracted the ruling from it meaning you did it's啊هاد what did you do بعد هذا الشيء فق ليس كذلك لو أن السكولات تقول أنه حلال لا يمكنك أن تقول أني أحد فق هذا الشيء لماذا؟ لأنه ليس مكتسلة لن تفعل إستنبارتها هل أنت معي برديني؟ لذا هذا ليس كذلك فق وهذا يسمى تقليد بلطفا هل نحن معي برديني؟ كم الكثير من المكتب؟ first of all its knowledge so you're not ignorant its أحكام شرعية is Jewish student rulings meaning i.e. the Qur'an and the sunnah three its عملي meaning is what we call fiq I'm studying fiq are we all together brothers فروع المسائل طهارة صلاة زكاة صوم عبادات and معاملات that the books of fiq talk about علمية علمية is عقيدة it's not إذن the أصوليين when they say fiq are they talking about عقيدة no they're not المكتسبة مكتسبة means what was brought by way of what إستنبارت من أدلتها التفصيلية أدلت التفصيلية means what it brought out from specific evidence the evidence are two types أدلت how many types كمبيهنسيين that's one and the second one is the first one is كمبيهنسيين and the second one is details detailed evidence here it deals with what detailed evidence and this one is detailed evidence it's not comprehensive evidence which one deals with كمبيهنسيين أدلت أجمالية is which one أدلت أجمالية is which one أصول الفق is comprehensive evidence فق it only deals with detailed evidence okay the third definition is exactly the same as this one exactly push it down get rid of the word what المكتسبة just get rid of that word it's the same this is the definition of the فقها the فقها they define فق as what it's knowledge of the أحكام of the شريعة العملية which is the practical side they don't believe it is مكتسبة they believe if a scholar says to you لا يجوز you are sick are we all together brothers so they got rid of that word أدلت أجمالية the rest is the same so it's you have this you have this you have this and you also have this this is what you don't have it's you don't have to do your independent reasoning you don't have to look at the evidence yourself so that's the fourth sorry the third the fourth one is the fourth one is memorizing a فقبك فروع الفقية like درار البهية memorizing مثل أبي شجاع الزبات يا قوت النفيس من هاج you know عمدة الساليك ناسك لبن نقيب المصري like memorizing a text فق تكسبوك this is called فق are we all together brothers الفروع ببن مفلحة others like that you memorize a فروع فقية بوك these four are called what فق it's called what it's called فق the person who attains this is called the what فقي are we all together brothers it's called a here some scholars they said okay but that's not fair what's not fair you said he has knowledge of the حكام of the شريعة are you trying to imply that this person has to know all of the حكام of فق what about if he says if he says in an issue لا أدري that means according to you he's not a فقي does that make sense you said العمو بالحكام الشرعية if he says in an issue لا أدري I don't know he hasn't got knowledge of the حكام الشرعية so in other words he's not a فقي and then no one's a فقي in the face of this earth are we all together because no one can meet this definition am I making sense here no yes are you sure remember I said when I define فق I said it means to have knowledge of the حكام of the شريعة this means thick right and the person is called a what فقي so saying that he has knowledge of the حكام الشرعية then does that mean he can't say to any issue that's asked I don't know does that make is it more sense now because we know this only Allah has knowledge of everything صح who is the only one who knows everything وفوق كلدي علم عانين Allah is the only one who knows everything we there's a lot of issues we don't know are you with me brothers so the scholars they went back in the definition again and they said it means that علم is two types a knowledge which he has on the spot it means that he has knowledge on the spot meaning he's asked a question he gives a spontaneous response and also if he says give me time but give me time here doesn't mean he's going to take a year to respond to an issue but it means that he's going to go home he's already got he's got the elements he just needs to organize his thoughts he can come back one or two days back and say to you the ruling in this issue is this does that make sense does that make sense they said that's also a knowledge as well the fact that he can go back to the books because the one who doesn't know doesn't know where to start from he's going to say where should I look into because he doesn't know anything like in the علم he's going to say okay let me look into this issue yeah I look into it but he knows where to start from knows where to look into he has already in his head he's got evidence that he needs to start from he's got a base that he's going to build this argument on that's also what knowledge now we've understood that now we've what we've understood another issue that we need to go into which is الخلاف difference of opinion these are things that we need to get out like clear and understand these we're going to now speak about the concept of الخلاف can I trouble you again we're now going to go into خلاف the concept of خلاف but brothers it has a big place in our religion oh yes especially in فق are we all together it has a what a big position so you have to know خلاف which one of it's permissible what is it not permissible what's the خلاف how is the خلاف because this is something you find a lot of people go overboard with some people are very rigid on issues and they say we can't have no difference of opinion خلاف they close all doors and that's not correct and another group of people everything for them is actually difference of opinion so a difference of opinion to the extent sometimes issues which are سول الدين the foundations of religion is what like we see where they're coming from we know where they're and it becomes the whole religion is nothing everything is difference of opinion are you with me brothers I had a conversation with the brother not long ago and I was telling him something everything I asked him he said it's subjective it's how you look at it it depends on who you ask and then I said is there no concrete like is there nothing that's brutal correct he goes it depends on who you ask that question to you again and then there's to these people there's no محكم صح remember when we took نص within the religion there's things which are نص which are لا يحتمل تأويل it can't take any other interpretation it's just قل هو الله أحد صح there's things in our religion which we say look this is brutal reality you can't go out of this one this is it and there's no doubt there are issues which are اختلفت فيه الأنبار observations of scholars have differed so what is خلاف you have to understand it or else will become will go all over the place so let's look at the word خلاف what is the word what is the word خلاف مين so it means عدا مو الاتفاق in the Arabic language it means لغة تن إمين it means عدا مو الاتفاق it's not agreeing خلاف means what it's not to agree so in other words you say to a person I differ with you on this issue meaning I don't agree with you on it I don't agree with you in it so what's the opposite of خلاف اتفاق اتفاق is the opposite of what it's the opposite of خلاف اتفاق is the opposite of خلاف and خلاف is the opposite of اختلاف good is the difference between خلاف and اختلاف is there an actual difference between the concept of خلاف and اختلاف yeah some of the scholars they said there's a difference difference between خلاف and اختلاف again write that down some scholars mentioned there's a difference between خلاف and what اختلاف خلاف اختلاف and اختلاف some scholars they said there's a difference what did they say they said that اختلاف cannot be referred to as something praiseworthy اختلاف can never be praiseworthy اختلاف can never be praiseworthy whereas خلاف can sometimes be praiseworthy and sometimes can be what blameworthy خلاف that's one view of some scholars here I want to mention a very important point before I move on which is خلاف are you with me this concept that you can hear a lot خلاف means difference difference does our religion give importance to every difference of opinion it's a very important question every differences is it valid or are there opinions which are not valid we don't give it no weight are we all together brothers you hear this concept which is لا انكارة في مسائل لا انكارة في مسائل الخلاف you hear this commonly mentioned by some people you need to discuss this issue لا انكارة I don't know what the best word would be to use for the word انكار but there's no blame in matters of خلاف there's no criticism on you I won't blame you for having a different opinion are we all together some people they mention they say لا انكارة في مسائل الخلاف I'm not going to do in car of you in issues of خلاف this قاعدة is what خطأ crossed out are we all together brothers why because we have the صحابة do انكارة of one another in مسائل الخلاف are we all together brothers this opens a lot of problems this قاعدة why does it open because you start to say there is no انكارة in matters of خلاف then it steeps into different religions as well now what does it do to you it steeps into different faiths are we all together brothers the correct statement is لا انكارة في مسائل الخلاف لا انكارة في مسائل this is correct I'm sorry what's the difference between the two the first one he said لا انكارة في مسائل الخلاف this one said لا انكارة في مسائل what's the difference اجتهاد means there's no evidence both parties are not holding onto evidence both parties are not there's no evidence here both parties are using independent reasoning what are they using اجتهاد there's no no one has text over the other in this situation what do we say one man's voice is not stronger than another man's voice are we all together brothers you're using اجتهاد he's using اجتهاد you're both your voice I mean your view is not stronger than his view since none of you have قال الله قال الرسول on your side does that make sense this is called اجتهاد اجتهاد is عند عند عدمي وجود الدليل اجتهاد is when there's no evidence found no one has evidence here are we all together brothers what are the issues like that اما both parties are looking at the same evidence and each one is taking a different ruling out of the same evidence that's اجتهاد are we all together brothers like for example when you're praying الصلاة should you go down on your knees or not it's an اجتهاد صحيح are we all together brothers is عند عدم وجود الدليل عند عدم وجود الدليل no one can find evidence are you with me brothers does that make sense yeah it means when there is no evidence found that's اجتهاد عدم means none عدم means doesn't it's absence the absence when there's absence of evidence is there there's no evidence there this is called what what's this called brothers it's called ال I'll give an example the issue of the camel should you go down on your knees first or your hands first I personally I believe that you should go down on your hands but the other party I don't see them misguided I don't see that they're corrupt in their belief I don't believe that they're شارعين I just believe this is a what it's a matter it's a matter اجتهاد why because the question here is how does the camel go down that's another discussion is the hadith that says فاليضع يده قبل الرقبة actually place his hands first before his knees is it authentic the other party I say no it's not where say no your one is not authentic it's all اجتهاد here لكن خلاف means one has a delete and the other one is opposing the delete we all together brothers and we're making sense here so using this is problematic and people need to be corrected on this this is what they should be using because when they accept this then that means they take the قاعدة which is وليس كل خلاف جاء معتبرة إلا ما كان له حض من النظري as the poet said not every difference of opinion is given weight except the difference of opinion which has what has weight because the one who said الله has a son that's the difference of opinion is it not is that not a خلاف the one who's accusing Allah of having a child is that not خلاف خلاف so when you say لاتنقال في مساء الخلاف you've opened that door what have you opened last but not least I just want to conclude the last point which is I just want to say something some may come back and say but question the خلاف is two types there's مذموم and you just mentioned that عبد الرحمن تقلا يا عبد الرحمن تقلا you just said that the خلاف there's a مذموم and there's a there's a مذموم and there's a محمود a praise worthy and a blame worthy اجتهاد is in which one so here I say you're right that's true but because this word carries both meaning get rid of it and just use this one صحيح and this is one of the signs of the people of the sunnah they leave off words which are ambiguous they can carry more than one meaning and they go for words which are what اجتهاد takes only محمود are we all together brothers like in the خلاف can take the مذموم and make it take the محمود what do you mean are we all together brothers so using this is خطأ are we all together so I categorize the خلاف and how many types مذموم and محمود last categorization and I want to leave it there which is the last type of categorization is خلاف التنوع and the second one is خلاف التباد خلاف التنوع and خلاف التباد what's the difference between it خلاف التنوع is the خلاف of differences I don't know what to use variation we use that that was the word we use in our أصولة تفسير it's the خلاف of variation meaning both parties you can bring them together both parties it's like tomato and tomato do you see the difference tomato and tomatoes it's how you say it's the same thing all together the cup is half full or half empty yeah it's the same thing right it's the same that's خلاف التنوع that's what خلافه one person stands here he says يا الله one person stands here he says يا الرحمان is there خلاف يا there is خلاف one call done one call done so there is خلاف but is it difference of that I can't reconcile between the two I can bring them together they're both calling on to who one so this is called خلاف التنوع when it's called خلاف التباد and what was the definition we get in translation huh yeah so it's the خلاف of contradiction one is saying black one is saying white one is saying right one is saying left one is saying tall one is saying short they are opposites to each other it's the خلاف of opposition two opposites تباد means it's two opinions you can't bring them together are we all together brothers you find of course the majority of خلاف is تنوع and there's a good portion of تباد amongst the scholars but a lot of the times you're actually able to bring their views together you can what you can bring their views together لكن there's a great portion of times when they will speak about all of this in great great detail إن شاء الله تعالى when we go into the different medhabs and where they go different إن شاء الله تعالى we've done what we need it for today anything which I have said that was wrong and incorrect is from me الشيطان أن الله his message are free from it سبحانك اللهم بحمدك أشدوا الله إله إلا الله أستغفرواك وأتوب إلي