 My name is Amare, I'm working for International Livestock Research Institute based in India. Today I gave a speech as part of the International Water and Food Forum held in Pretoria, South Africa. The theme was on principle and the practices to integrate livestock into rainwater management. The idea behind this is actually in Blue Nile Basin we have a very complex setting in terms of resource distribution, in terms of resource uses, and in terms of also the user's impact on environment. Livestock as part of the system uses the resource, also is part of the resource and also affects the resource distribution, quality and sustainability. And particularly this is intensifying in response to the ongoing global livestock evolution. Henry has recognized in this respect the role of livestock in terms of water use and the role of livestock in interacting with water and how that affects overall system sustainability and also the livelihood of community. Early has been working in this direction since 2002 and we developed a framework for indicating the livestock, water and interreaction. Then after we proceed further to more detailed tests on some of the practices. Now we are in position just to claim that livestock, water interaction and productivity must be based on principles of improving the water productivity of feed and improving the efficiency of utilizing the water productivity feeds. I can give you an example and probably underline also what I mean when I say integrating livestock into rainwater management. Just we were working for example, Verti-soil drainage as part of the practices that farmers must adopt. And just we run a small model and in that we recognize that as a result of improved Verti-soil drainage like 40% improvement in milk yield as result of residual flowing into the livestock compartment. And the thing what I'd like to say is integration as far as we don't recognize clearly the ability of the livestock, the cause to convert the residual produced as a result of this intervention into milk and that benefits goes to the farmers. It's not an integration, it's rather a physical association. I think in that respect it's important when we say integrating livestock into rainwater management it's important to consider both agricultural component and also the livestock component. This is one example. The other example is also improvement in for example the feed quality. Probably when you see it when I say feed quality one can say has little bit to do with water but just improvement in one unit of energy content of a feed can save as much as 120 meter cube of water per cow per year. This is a very important amount of water which can be used for ecosystem services and also other livelihood activities. Therefore, more or less this is the area where I was focusing and we listed out, we identified several more than 40 practices and this must be targeted to farm household level and also to the landscape level because different landscapes respond differently to the different practices and also the capacity of the farm household determines which practices they fit into because of resource allocation problem and also because of access to land and what are those kind of things.