 determining whether a bone fracture is healed is crucial in orthopedics, but there are no standardized methods of assessing fracture union, leading to disagreement among surgeons. Research has focused on developing new and reliable ways of determining healing through imaging techniques, radiographic scores, biomechanical studies, serologic markers, and patient-centered approaches. However, assessment of union remains an imperfect practice in the clinical setting, requiring clinicians to draw on multiple modalities that directly or indirectly measure bone healing when counseling patients. This article was authored by Sam Morshed.