 Thank you so much for inviting me. It's really a pleasure and a privilege to be able to be here. I brought a few slides and I've also said that I'm willing to share these slides with you afterwards so that you don't have to sort of screw it down, everything that I'm saying at all points. As you said, I'm a professor of human-to-future interaction from KTH, which is the major engineering university in Stockholm, in Sweden. I'm actually Norwegian. We won't talk about that again. So I'm both a member of and not a member of the European Union, which is an interesting thing. So I have six jobs that I've listed here that I'm trying to do, and the most recent one is that I've started as a guest professor at INSAD, which is a prestigious business university in France, which is so interesting because at that point I'm teaching business leaders of the world in their advanced management program on digitization and leadership management because I think that that's really one of the issues for the future, I would say. The interesting thing, how come I started thinking about the leadership role in terms of this? Well, it's actually mainly because I got the role a few years ago to be the dean of our school. So this is sort of what takes most of my daytime job these days to be a manager to deal with Excel sheets is sort of the main tool in the sense. So I'm a dean of the School of Computer Science and Communication. We have about 370 researchers working there on all different aspects of the software side of computer science. So we have theoretical computer science. My co-dean is actually a robotics professor. We have neuroinformatics, which is sort of visualized in the middle picture there. We have speech technology. This fur hat that we call it that we have there is actually exhibited right now at the British Museum in London where you can walk up and interact and speak with it and it recognizes your voice and you can talk with it in an amazing way. We're working with visualization with all sorts of emotional relationships to technology, which is fascinating in our school. But me personally, I've been always very intrigued and fascinated by not so much the futuristic side of HCI, human-computer interaction, but the sort of more current day-to-day type of job. So I usually show this slide to give a picture of various types of projects that we've been involved with, working with all situations where you use computer support for your working life. And that can be everything from healthcare to maneuvering high-speed boats that we have an example of down here or controlling the train traffic of Sweden, or the middle picture down here is actually from the power plant Vattenfall in Sweden who controls most of northern Europe's energy production. And the fascinating thing is when you go in and study their work domains and see how you can help, you will actually discover that they do most of their work through Excel. Because nowadays energy production is a business. You should produce as much energy as possible when the price is high. So they recruited people from the stock exchange to develop their computer support and they develop it based on what they know the best, which is Excel. And it's been running without interruptions now for eight or nine years. And it doesn't follow many standards of what you're doing and it's sort of very much tailored for that sense. And I've also been quite active in the ISO community writing standards. So this is sort of one of my driving forces in this to look at, we want to have things to be more usable in every possible sense. How can you increase the usability of the things that we're doing? There's an ISO standard on usability that's currently being revised now. So this will be a new version out very shortly. And that's applicable to any type of interactive device. It's applicable to this one or to the light switch over there or whatever you do. And it sets quite high targets for things that we would want to achieve. Already in the late 90s I encountered another fascinating research area that I've engaged myself in quite a bit recently. And this is probably a good example of such a situation. This is one of my former colleagues, Frederick. At that point he was a PhD student. The amazing thing with him, if you see, is that his display is actually put in a very strange place. It puts on the side and it's shut off because Frederick is blind. And he has been able to get a PhD in computer science and go through all the educational system despite the fact that he has some challenging disabilities to work with. So this has intrigued me a lot. How can we work with improving the situation for these people? So I've sort of jumped to a picture. I usually take this picture to illustrate what I'm aiming for. It's a photograph I took from the airport of Shanghai. I don't know if you are able to see and understand what it is. But there's a normal bathroom here, which has big open portal. Everybody can sort of easily walk in. There's a disabled toilet on the right hand side here on the picture. And to be able to open that you need to press a button that is so high up that you need to sort of get out of your wheelchair like this to be able to reach it. But if you do that you will discover that there's a yellow sign there saying that the automatic door is out of order. So when I saw a person in a wheelchair approaching this door I went up and actually opened the door for them and then we discovered that the wheelchair that they had borrowed from the airport was too wide to get in. And this is typically what happens that you strive for accessibility and you want to make it doable for somebody that has particular problems but not actually make it as usable as it is for everybody. So this has been my mission for the last few years to work with this. It's sort of a picture illustrating the most recent project we have. We've been working with IT for people with mental and cognitive disabilities. We've been working with homeless people to see and study and understand what type of technology that they could use and how their life would become so much better by the use of that. And this is a group that is almost invisible because they rarely respond to national queries and things like that so they more or less doesn't exist from a statistical point of view. But they could benefit so much by having a better working life in that sense. So many fascinating stories to tell about this group and what you can do around that. A few years ago I got my other daytime job. I got to become the chairman of what's called the Committee for Digitalization working under the Ministry of the Enterprise in the Swedish government. Although I'm Norwegian, I got this job which is sort of fascinating. It's an apolitical job. I don't have to subscribe to any political parties to be able to get the job. I'm supposed to help the IT minister on suggestions on what IT politics Sweden should do to actually improve and meet the goal that they have set out. The ambitious goal of being the best country in the world when it comes to using the opportunities for digitization. So I got that assignment two years ago. We had an election this fall but my assignment keeps on. So I'm now working for a new IT minister that I haven't so far met so I don't have fresh pictures of the old IT minister you see there on the picture. We're working a lot to try and understand how good we are at digitization and where we have the problems. So there's actually a quite nice website that's only available in Swedish but it's called digitalasvärvige.se Several people have been using it through Google Translate and I've been able to study it. There we've actually displayed all types of statistics you can find on the use of internet and technology and compare different things. So we made this available a year ago and we gave one of our biggest newspapers an advanced preview of this and of course one of the, they went into this database and did all sorts of queries to come up with the headlines the next day that said Sweden is worse than Kazakhstan when it comes to using IT for public services within the healthcare sector and things like that. This is statistics that you can find through this. So we're trying to work with concrete proposals to the government on what they can do. I've put the focus on one issue for last year for our latest report that we had and that was how can Sweden improve when it comes to using computers and digital tools in the school because the PISA surveys that you're probably very familiar with shows that Sweden is actually doing very badly when it comes to skills on mathematics and natural science and so forth and the ministry has put high ambitions when it comes to actually improving the school system. The Swedish school system is one of the few things that is actually not working as well as it should. The role of being a teacher is considered one of the most low prestige jobs that you can have and I believe that this is one of the issues that I'm contributing to this. So we put suggestions on that out. Now we're working further on other issues and our next report will be issued in mid-March this year and our job comes to an end by the end of 2015. At the same time I got this job, I got another job which is sort of similar more or less being a digital champion because it's not an award as you probably have heard from the previous digital champions that have been here. It's actually a job. My job description I got from Nelly Kruse, the commissioner in charge of this when I was appointed was a high-profile, dynamic and energetic individual responsible for getting everyone in the country online and improving digital skills. I get no pay for doing that. I'm just supposed to make use of my name and contact network and whatever opportunities I have for doing this. The first time I met Nelly Kruse, who I actually met more times than I met the Swedish IT minister, I should say because she's very accessible and very engaged in this. She's been here quite a few times. I saw on the list that she'd been speaking here also. She said, ah, you're the digital champion on Sweden, your task is easy. And I don't believe that it is easy because if you're one of these sort of leading countries in this you can't sort of look at what other people are doing and copy that. You need to be the pioneers on trying out these things yourself. Then one of the things that to serve both the commission and the government that we wanted to do was to find out how good is Ireland in that? It could be interesting to see. Now that the World Economic Forum is going on in Davos we could bring up their studies that they have. This is from 2012 where they have the Networked Readiness Index. Sweden is number one in terms of networked readiness. I try to read in the visualization here. You can't find Ireland in the top 20 list here but you can find it some place here. I think I saw IRL. IRL there you are on this list. A way of measuring how you're developing, weighing together a lot of different aspects of this. This was in 2012. In 2013 there came a new report and the problem was that since Sweden dropped two places from first to third, they didn't want to update the graphics and things. I only have the graphics for 2012. The question is why are they dropping in this series? I think that a few countries are actually developing faster. Finland and Singapore was the one taking first and second place now are sort of very ambitious in the resources they put into digitization and so forth. Clearly we're in an area, this is from the International Telecommunications Union, we're in an area where the Nordic countries are doing very well. Here on the top list of what they want to measure, the information society, Korea is number one and then the Nordic countries have places two to six in this. UK is developing very fast here as well. They're doing a lot of different activities in relation to this which is interesting. All of these indexes are weighing together a lot of different figures on these things and you can actually go into the EU Commission's digital connect site and get these diagrams out yourself to show whatever facts that you want to show. In the share of EU citizens with low or no internet skills we have Sweden up here on place number three in this where we have Ireland, Ireland is down here slightly below the EU average in that sense. Maybe you can help me explain why this is in a sense in the discussion afterwards. So these are the few things that we're thinking about. In Sweden we have a unique statistic situation. We have an organization that every year for the last 15 years have produced a report called the Swedes and internet. They wanted to follow what was happening in terms of the internet development so they're doing annual surveys on this. So here's the use of computers, the green one, internet, the blue one and broadband, the yellow one to understand how the country is developing and what you're seeing is that the development has sort of come to a plateau and it's not developing more. So now we have about 91-92% of the population aged above 18 who has access to these things. And then thinking, well who are the non-users? Who are the ones that we could recruit since my task as digital champion is to get everyone online and improving digital skills. Well this one is showing us the orange colour here representing people aged 76 or above. That's where we have the majority of our non-users between 66 and 75 is the 20% so that's the second biggest there. So clearly getting the elderly population online is one thing. The cynical people would say that well they will die off eventually so it's not a problem but I don't think so. I'm trying to work with different campaigns to actually make the older population see the benefits of this. One of the things I did was I got an iPad for a tablet computer for my mother-in-law who's 75 and has arthrosis so her fingers are quite crumbled like this and she's never liked computers but the iPad she started doing everything. She bought food online and bought tickets for the theatre and played word feud and whatever you can do with this and I said well you never liked computers and she said this is an iPad, this is not a computer. So it's kind of fascinating the attitude towards things such as so how come people are not using it? This is really interesting figures I think. We asked those and this is one year before then we asked the 1.1 million Swedes that are not online why are you not online? And we thought it was usability problem or lack of money to buy a computer or accessibility problem but it wasn't. As many as 77% say that they're not interested. They just don't care. Many of them actually are online but they don't know it. So we had an interview with two youngsters in the urban areas in Sweden where one guy was saying I refuse to use everything digital and his friend was saying what are you watching DVDs? DVDs not digital. And so many people are actually doing services they're watching weather online and things like that but they don't see it as using internet. In Sweden it's actually more than 50% of all two-year-olds that are online. 50% of two-year-olds and that's actually quite fascinating and amazing and you would want to know why and I'm going to actually detail this a little bit more here. Here's what they're doing age 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and so forth and here is watching video and here is playing computer games but very early on they start the red one here is to use internet to search for facts and you see that already in the beginning that is more common than using chat or social networks and at the age about 10 they're actually using internet more for fact finding than they're using it to watch video. The sort of rumors of gossip that this is something that is destroying our kids today I don't believe that and I believe that this is evidence for that. A few things that I just wanted to share before we can jump into more of discussions and this comes also from the European Union one of the threats to the European Union today is the lack of skilled people in ICT and Nelly Cruz made the prediction that by the end of 2015 there would be 1 million lacking people in the ICT sector and this is based on calculations made in every country that they added together and the interesting thing as being a university professor is how do we deal with this? This diagram here is showing sort of the increase of vacancies in the digital sector and the red one is showing the growth of the education system how many people we educate and you see that this is going to become really bad in the end so we really need to work to tackle that in a way one of our biggest problems in Sweden is the lack of females in the ICT sector it's around 10% it is that in the computer science education it is that in the industry and it's really a problem I would think the other thing from the same speech by Nelly Cruz is also the lack of digital skills of those that are using this so 53% of the workforce thinks that their digital skills is at such a level that they don't really think that they could go and look for a new job you know you have so many systems you use in your job situation and you feel that I just can't cope with learning this over again with so many different things in a new situation so they rest with the job they have that are actually not a very good one so these two challenges are things that I think that we should work for a little bit more the biggest threats to development if I summarize this is the lack of skilled and talented people in this we need to focus a lot on getting everyone interested and for us at universities I could easily next year start getting twice as many students as I got before but the problem is that the students are not there if I start admitting twice as many students the students that I would have to admit would have so little skills to start with because those that are good students they don't go from computer science so they lose interest in computers, ICT much much earlier and this is a really big problem and therefore I also believe that we need to work more for actually educating and developing people all through their lives because people start learning at two years of age and continue doing so further in this if I could be allowed to three more minutes before we jump into discussion I wanted also to raise another problem that comes with digitization or maybe it is an opportunity and it's based a little bit on theories that Andrew McAfee that you may have heard of his TED Talks is really excellent in this era is looking at and it's based on research from Carl Bendick Tray from Oxford University and he's looking at which jobs will disappear due to digitization and is this really a problem that they are disappearing and he's saying that probably half of all the jobs that exist today will disappear within a 20 year period of time and he's actually made a visualization of this that I will show in a minute but if you just start thinking what do you think are the jobs that will disappear What did you say? Poets Poets? No, no No, the thing is that the top one the one where 98% of everybody that are working there will disappear is photo models because you deal with the picture so much after you've taken it and morph and changed that so much so there won't be any need for photo models at all to use avatars in the future to do this so a lot of the standard routine things library assistant, cashiers, office workers kind of hard, physically hard jobs those are the ones that will disappear the least one likely to disappear are agronoms, priests, psychologists politicians, CIOs, even things like that and this is very fascinating and this is made based on this is what the Swedish labour market has done when they've gone through an analysed sector by sector according to Karl Bendig-Prae's studies if you want to read his paper and look at his visualization of things you will see that he's actually gone through based on what it would look like in the US which is clearly a bit different but then you would see the probability of computerization from zero to one here you would see that here are the jobs that would not disappear so the blue one is management, business, financial computer engineering, science, education, legal and healthcare those will stay but those that will disappear are service, sales, retail, office work and so forth which is fascinating so then you can look at actually all the things that will happen as an effect of that and what Karl did which I thought was fascinating he was looking at LinkedIn he was looking at over time of the fastest growing new work roles that would appear to replace those that didn't exist in the future and the top ten list here contain mostly things relating to computer science development so iOS developer, social media intern or my own profession that we're educating used to experience designers that's what I educate also Zumba instructors or Beachbody coach but apart from those two there's actually every job is relating to digitization so we've actually in our commission then tried to define what is digitization because many people that talk about digitization talks about turning written things into zero and one things but we're actually talking about digitization as a process that changes the entire society and we've seen this happening now for the music industry for banks and for all sorts of things in relation to that and the problem I'm going to end with two pictures from my own research the problems are the areas where you actually would need more things to happen over 20 years time I've done research within office work in public administrations there's 20 years between these two pictures from a work space do you spot the difference? the difference is that the display has become flat and the number of colors on posted notes have increased actually the computer system is actually more or less the same as they had 20 years ago so this is the public administration is one of the sectors there that will be affected quite a bit by the digitization and where there's a lot of development needed the other sector that is needed is my own sector university education I was part of a political debate last summer they gather all politicians on the island outside of Sweden every summer for a political debate and I was in many of those debates there was the opposition party were complaining about the government saying that for the past eight years that you've been in government you haven't developed the education anything they said I want to give you a picture imagine this picture imagine a lecture hall where a teacher is standing in front of you to speaking sort of one way communication in the audience there's two people people chatting one people reading a different book there's one person sleeping imagine that picture can you see that picture before you and the picture I was describing was this picture 800 years ago that was what the education looked like it's not that they haven't changed in eight years they haven't changed in 800 years so this is sort of my last message here that the next big line of work that needs to develop and change is the education in Sweden today we need to educate people to give them a degree it's the most important thing is that people get a degree and I said that I thought we educated them because they should have a knowledge and then my rector at the university the president of the university said you may say that as the digital champion but as a professor at our university you don't say things like that and so I believe that we will have a completely different system in the future where we will probably use our universities like every individual will have a relationship with four or five different universities where they will continue to come back and refill new knowledge all through their life universities needs to play a much bigger role not only under the five years that you do a computer or an education of some sort but in the rest of the working life and also earlier to show what we can contribute and benefit from already at kindergarten because 50% of two year olds that's where it starts so let that be the sort of last words