 and welcome to this open air webinar. Today we're going to talk about policies and mainly the open science policies in Horizon 2020 and it will also be a little preview of what Horizon Europe will bring us. So it's not final yet but we can say something about it. So to start off I like to reuse an image because of course that's good practice in open science to reuse things of last year that we used with open access week in Belgium and just to illustrate that open science is more than just open data and open access although I will talk mainly about open data and open access to publication. Open science has become more than just those two things. There's citizen science, open source and open educational resources and you'll see that all those things will come more and more into focus as we move beyond just open access to publications and open data. So having said that why is the European Commission interested in open science and what's the aim of the open science policy? Well the European Commission has always been on the forefront of open science and implemented open science policy early in the frameworks. So why? Because it improves the quality of the results if people can consult and see the work that has been done previously. It's increased efficiency because it encourage collaboration between different researchers and also it avoids duplication because if you can see data if you can see results you do not have to start from scratch or you can already see like this experiment has already been done in a similar way that I was thinking of doing it. It can speed up innovation because now also industry and citizens can consult science and of course more and more talk about citizen science, evolving the society and greater transparency which I think is important in this time of fake news and that. So there's a lot of benefits about open science and that's why the EC decided to include open science in their policy for their framework programs. So the main open science policies for IEIS in 2020 I could be really short about it. It's that it's open access to scientific publications so peer reviewed publications should be openly and freely available to anyone. This is an obligation and also open access to research data. So if this is possible to provide access to the data underlying the publication. There's an opt out possible and research data management is integrated in this open access to research data requirement. Let's go into it a little bit deeper. So the open access policy states that you have to ensure open access as soon as possible. Later on publication to deposit machine readable electronic copy. This is literally the text from the grant agreement. I always find it a bit confusing because it says a lot in a short text. So let's break it down a little bit. What does it say? Exactly. So the first thing that I want to stress is that researchers always have the choice to choose where to publish. So they can choose any journal. That means that they all also can go for a subscription based journal. They do not have to choose an open access journal. Although this is definitely an option. It is not an obligation. However, wherever they choose to publish, they should always be a copy in the repository. And you can provide access to a repository. This is a literature repository specifically for academic publishings. And the reason why is because it provides a sustainable way of archiving articles. And also, of course, a lot of those repositories have services attached to it, which will make it easier. For example, for the EC to include it automatically in reporting something that's open air is helping it. So always remember to deposit a version in a repository no matter where you publish and add the right information metadata. So the fund, the grant ID number. So that's a publication can actually be picked up by the EC. If you do choose for an open access journal, which I said is not an obligation, you can look for at the direction of open access journal to find a quality open access journal. There's a lot of information you can look on topic, but it also has information on possible costs because some open access journals and not all do ask the author for a fee. The article processes charge. These fees are supported by the EC both for open access journals and hybrid journals. Hybrid journals are subscription based journals. So you pay for a subscription. But they offer the possibility of making one or more articles openly accessible. But you still have to pay for them. It's not something that libraries like a lot because, of course, you pay twice. But in a rise in 2020, those costs are supported. Just remember to always deposit a version in a repository, even if you publish in an open access journal. Where to deposit them? Well, most institutions have their own repositories. A lot of university and research agencies have their own repository. You can also go for a disciplinary repository or for Zenodo, which is multi disciplinary and free repository, which also accepts data and other research outputs, such as presentations or things like if you're looking for, if you don't know where to look, there's also a directory of open access repositories. Sherpa Open Door is one for ePrince.org.eprince. And OpenAir also have a list with OpenAir compliant repositories, which means that those repositories adapted some guidelines that will make it easier for researchers to report because the information is carried over to the EC reporting tool automatically. What to deposit? What's important that is the final peer review manuscript. So you can definitely also deposit earlier version, but for the EC, it's important that it's peer reviewed version. If you can deposit a publisher's version, that's good too, of course. The publishing version has the layout of the publisher. But publishers do not always allow this version to be deposited. So it's best to check the publisher's policy on what you can deposit. There are two things to remember. So the version, which would be the final peer reviewed version, but also if there's a possible embargo, some publishers set an embargo before you can actually deposit something. If you want to have an overview of copyright policies and self reviving permission, you can go to sherpa.com.io to find an overview of all the policies. So this policy applies to all kind of publication, but the emphasis is on peer reviewed journal articles. So for peer reviewed journal articles, depositing is an obligation. The other, such as books or gray literature, it's recommended, but it's not an obligation. When to deposit as soon as possible, the latest on publication, and when to provide open access, well, immediately if you can, if your publishers allow it, or if you publish in an open access journal, of course, you can deposit immediately and make it open access. Or after an embargo, six months is allowed or 12 months for social science and humanities. So if your publisher does not allow your publication to be deposited, you can always try to amend your publisher agreements and EC has a model amendments that you can use for that reason. So in short, researchers can always decide where to publish. There's no obligation to publish in an open access journal. You can also go for a subscription based journal. Just remember to always self archive in a repository and check your publisher's policy on what version you can deposit and if there's an embargo before you can make it openly available. If you go for an open access journal, deposit, but also remember to check possible costs, and you can provide immediately open access to the journal and to the repository. And in case you go for a subscription based journal, that can be a delay due to an embargo, but some publishers also allow you to immediately provide open access. So in short, this is the open access policy. The open data policy is a little bit different, which started as a flexible pilot for open research data became the default in 2017. So all projects are involved now in the open research data pilot. And there are two pillars. So there's on the one side, there's data management planning. And on the other side, there's the open access to research data. This of course, if is highly recommended, but it's not an application. And it's important to think as of those things as two pillars. Because of course, if you cannot make your data openly available for some reason, you can still do data management planning if you reuse or gather any data. So data management planning is almost always possible open access to research data is most of the time possible, but always so there's an opt out possibility. What are the requirements of this pilot? Well, first to develop a data management plan where you explain what data you will gather or reuse, what you will do with the data, and how you will make your data usable for other projects. And the EC uses the fair principles to make data as usable as possible and fair stands for findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. So your data management plan basically describes how will you will treat your data to make this possible. After your data management plan and your research has been done, you have to deposit data sets in research data repository, together with the necessary information to make your data understandable and usable. Research data repository is similar to literature repository but for data. And then if possible, you have to provide access to your research data. These requirements are primarily focused on data that is needed to validate results in scientific publication. But you can also choose to include more data sets or your bar data. Now you can specify it in your data management plan. Participation I said before, it started as a limited pilot in 2014. But by 2017, this pilot was extended to all the projects. So part of this participating is now the default option. Costs are eligible for funding for the duration of the project. And there's still the possibility to opt out at any stage. So not only at at the beginning of your project, but also if you later find out that you want to exploit your results, for example, you can still opt out of sharing your data. Reasons can be a set expectation of results, confidentiality or protection of personal data, if no data is generated, or any other reason that you mean any other reason that makes sense, of course. If you opt out, projects are still encouraged to develop data management plan, because as said before, you can still manage your data even if you cannot make it openly available. So there's degrees of data sharing. This open research data pilot is not a black and white story. The mantra of the EC is try to make your data as open as possible, but as close as necessary. Don't take any risk. So you have completely open data that is free to use and to modify and to share by anyone for any purpose. And on the other side, you have completely close data that you're unable to share or is under embargo. But there is a big gray area where you can choose to make some data sets open and close others, or where you can choose to only allow a certain type of users or a certain type of use free data. So there is this gray area of restricted or controlled data. And you can find all the information about the fair data management in Ryzen 2020 in the guidelines on fair data management. It explains the extension of the pilots. It clarifies the concept of fair data, so findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. It explains what the data management plan is and what it is for and when to update it. It notes what happened at different stages of your project. It explains the costs and which costs are eligible. Then very important, it has a template for a data management plan, which are a set of questions, quite a lot actually. And you're not obligated to use this template, but it's very much recommended because all the teams that are in the template should be addressed. So it's easy to use those questions and it will ask you how you make your data fair. So it has a question on interoperability and access to your data and so on. I'm not going to enter detail about the practicalities of how to make your data fair and things like that. There was a webinar yesterday about data management plan and also openair.eu has a lot of information about data management and different topics on data management that you can consult. But in short, step one, you should write a data management plan. There are online tools that you can use. You have to find a repository that matches your data needs. Again, there are a number of websites you can consult. If you're looking for a data repository, then you should deposit your data together with the necessary information to make your data accessible. So metadata and other tools. And if you're looking for support, the EC guidelines that I just mentioned are really useful. Openair can provide you with a lot of information. And the DCC, the Digital Creation Center in the UK, is also a good source for information for research data management. So this in short would open science policies until now. So I'll have a brief look at the future and what I can already say about it. So the evolution of the EU funding programs follow a logical path, I think. So what started as a pilot for open access to publication became mandatory in Horizon 2020 with a pilot for open research data and data management planning. Then in 2017, that became mandatory as well with some exceptions, of course, for sensitive data. And that's where we are now. So in Horizon Europe, this part will follow its logical course, I think. So open access still mandatory. And then what I think will provide more clarity in the policy is that will be a distinction between data management planning and open data. So it will not be seen as one big thing anymore because data management planning is always, always possible. Open data will become the default option, but still exceptions will be possible. And open science will be embedded throughout the whole work program and grant agreements. So what we do know now, the model grant agreement is at the moment an internal document. I haven't seen it yet. I do not work for the EC, I work for open air. But what we can see is that it continues and strengthens the current policy. So it is a logical evolution of the policy. It's still being negotiated. So I am going to say some things about it, but do not pin me down on it. Some changes might still occur. It's still being negotiated. But those are the things that are on the table now. So in Horizon Europe for open science, open access to verification will be in short. So I copied this from a slide from the EC. I find it very funny that I say, no way around this, and then a smiley face. But so it still will be an obligation to make your publication open access. Open access to research data will still be as open as possible and as closed as necessary. Then data management will be its own topic. Still there will be data management planning. So DMP will still be included. And it still follows the fair principles for data. And a long-term preservation of data will be in short. Open science practices will be promoted and encouraged, so with incentive and obligations. So this is a stick-in-the-carat tactic for open science practices. There might be additional obligation to use EOSC, so the European Open Science Cloud, which is a big infrastructure project of Europe for data. So some work programs might be required to use EOSC for storing or giving access to research data. The details about it are not clear yet. We'll see. Artists must retain enough rights for open access. This is important to make open access possible. Exceptions to open access for research data will be better described. As I said before, in Horizon 2020, there were some reasons listed, but then it also, you could also include your own reason. And I think that will probably be more limited or better described, what are good reasons for the exception to open access to data. So speaking of data, the research data management will be mainstream with a mandatory data management plan. This will be the case for all the project that generates data or collect data or reuse data, and there will be no exception. So there's no opting out of the DMP requirement for a project that actually works with data. I think that makes sense. Open will be the default for data. Exceptions to still apply. It's not an opting out, but it's really an exception. So data management still applies, but you can opt out of the open if your data is sensitive. It will still follow the fair research data principles. So a lot of the things that are already in DMP templates, like identifies for repositories, licenses, and other things, will be also in Horizon Europe. DMP, I can imagine. And then the use of the European Open Science Cloud could be required in some work programs. We'll see how that turns out. So in conclusion, we go beyond open access of publication and data. There are stronger open access requirements, especially on data, and the aim is to empower authors to provide open access and give them all the rights and things. So open access is encouraged to other research outputs. So we're moving beyond publication and data, open access for software, for models, etc. And there will be a set of applications toward responsible research data management with the DMP and fair research data and open data sharing. But of course, intellectual property rights, exploitation will still be possible, and there will still be some exception to the open data sharing. Open science will become Monday's operating date. So open science will be waived throughout the whole work package. In scientific communications, citizen science will be promoted, combination of application and incentives. There will be sanctions for ground beneficiary that repeatedly and consistently fail to provide the required open access. I can imagine it's especially the case for publications. And appropriate metrics will be set for assessing the impact of research output, because of course, that's important also to make open science a reality that metrics are adjusted to open science requirements. I briefly want to say something about Plan S, because the European Commission is part of the Plan S consortium. So as a reminder, Plan S was set up by Coalition S to make all publications funded by public funds openly available by 2021 immediately. So the core requirements are immediately open access without embargoes. Arters are the institutions retain copyright and publish under an open license, open access fees are the responsibilities of the funders or the research institutions and not the individual researchers, and no support for hybrid models. So the EC is a supporter of Plan S, and then we can now see how this translates in Horizon Europe. So immediately open access without embargoes. Horizon Europe will go for immediately open access, embargoes will no longer be accepted. So open access should be provided through a repository or open access publishing and a repository. So again, repositories stay the main focus of the policy. Arters are the institutions retain copyright and publish under an open license. Copyright retention is already in the Horizon Europe regulation, so I think that's good news. No support for hybrid models, hybrid journals will not be, cost for hybrid journals will not be eligible in Horizon Europe. So it will still be possible I think to publish in hybrid journals, but the cost will not be eligible for funding by Horizon Europe. And that's all that I wanted to say about the policies. We already had some questions to the forum. I'll answer those first and then I'll go to the question that you posed in the Q&A or in the chat. So one of the questions was currently there seemed to be no sanction for projects that do not fulfill their open access RRDM research data management obligation. Are there any signs that this will change in the future or in Horizon Europe? Well, first of all, there are already examples of projects being notified of their obligations and warnings of grant being reduced. So OpenAir has a network of open access experts. So in every country we have a node, which is an open science expert. And they already mentioned that more and more projects are being warned that their publication are not openly available. So this is already the case. And in Horizon Europe it is explicitly mentioned that there will be sanctions for those grant beneficiaries that repeatedly and consistently fail to provide open access. So there will be surely will be first a notice before there will be a sanction. But I think in Horizon Europe there will be stronger control of open access to publication and data. Another question was how different are open science policy to open access digital repositories? I don't know if I interpreted this question quite right, because digital repositories are of course an infrastructure that can help with open science policy. So in Horizon 2020, depositing in an open access repository is the way to comply with open access management. You should always deposit in a repository. And an open access journal is an option, but not mandatory. I'm not sure if that answers the question, but if it doesn't feel free to let me know in the chat. How do academic libraries participate in the open science policy to provide use information needs? Well, that depends on the academic library. Academic libraries basically have a lot of skills and resources that can enable open science. But it depends, of course, on those skills and resources to see what they can do. A lot of people open science experts work in academic libraries. Also, the open-air know-hats, a lot of them work in academic libraries. And what they do is they advocate for open science policies, whether in their institution or national level or in working groups. And they raise awareness of the policies that exist or that the policies of the EC, for example. They can also give support to infrastructure, because libraries are very good in certain things like metadata application. They have experience in curation and preservation of publication, but also of data. They can also train and support researchers because they have the knowledge of the mandates, they have the tools, they have the knowledge of preservation and metadata. So they're really well placed to help researchers on land. And then some academic libraries also take it on them to help with research data management policies or support. But as I said, it depends a little bit on the resources and the skills of the libraries. What will be after Horizon 2020 in Horizon Europe? Well, I sketched a picture a little bit. We're not 100% sure yet, but we can see that it will be a logical follow-up of Horizon 2020. So open access to publication will be an obligation, will become the default, also for open access to data, with some exception. Data management will be, according to the fair principles, will be the default for all the projects that work with data. And then open science will be waived throughout the working program. So that's what we can accept for Horizon Europe. I'm gonna stop sharing my screen and see what questions are in the chat. Stop share. Okay, same questions. So there's a question for which publication type or the open access publishing regulations mandatory. So the open access policy is mandatory for peer-reviewed peer-reviewed publications. It's mainly focused on journal articles. All other materials such as books or great literature or things like that, it's not an obligation, but it's recommended. So you can still try to open them or at least put them in a repository so they're sustainably archived. So that's mandatory for peer-reviewed publishing. So were there other questions? Well, thank you, Emily. I think that's all actually. There's been one question in the Q&A which we answered. And thank you very much for this very detailed oversight of the policies in regards to Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe. If I may, I'm also from open there, Toby. Emily, did you introduce the NOADs at the beginning and the national points of contacts in each country? No, I didn't. We may put the URL of the NOADs into the chat just so whichever country you're in or representing we have an open air ambassador, a national open access desk who you can contact directly for any information about EC projects and also open science in general and open access mandates. So I'll put that into the chat now. Okay. Thank you, Narsha. Yes. So if you have questions, be sure to contact your national open access desk. They're experts and they're eager to help you. Okay. Also, if you do have any questions or looking for more information, the open air website has a lot of information about policies, but also about data management planning or open access to publication or any other topic on open science. So all questions are very welcome. And if there are no more questions, I think we can close this webinar. Or Narsha, was there something else you wanted to point out, I'd say? No, thank you. Thank you very much, Emily. Thank you very much everybody to join this as well. We'll send the feedback form will be coming to you directly as well. We're always looking to improve, but it was really good from Emily's side. Thank you very much. Okay. Thank you all for joining. You'll get the presentation and the recordings in the mail next week. And you're always welcome with your questions. Okay. Thank you. Bye. Bye. So that will be in your inbox next week. Everybody's muted. But as I said, if you have a question, feel free to use the Q&A function. Okay. I'll think I'll start to share my screen. Tobias, maybe if you could confirm that you can see my screen. That would be nice. Let's see. Hi then. Yeah, it's now switching over. Yes. Looking great. Yeah. Okay. Thank you, Tobias. Good morning all and welcome to this open air webinar. Today we're going to talk about policies and mainly the open science policies in Horizon 2020. And there will also be a little preview of what Horizon Europe will bring us. So it's not final yet, but we can say something about it. So to start off, I like to reuse an image because of course that's good practice in open science to reuse things of last year that we used with open access week in Belgium. And just to illustrate that open science is more than just open data and open access. Although I will talk mainly about open data and open access to publication. Open science has become more than just those two things. There's citizen science, open source and open educational resources. And you'll see that all those things will come more and more into focus as we move beyond just open access to publications and open data. So having said that, why is the European Commission interested in open science and what's the aim of the open science policy? Well, the European Commission has always been on the forefront of open science and implemented open science policy early in frameworks. So why? Because it improves the quality of the results if people can consult and see the work that has been done previously. It's increased efficiency because it's encouraged collaboration between different researchers and also it avoids duplication because if you can see data, if you can see results, you do not have to start from scratch or you can already see like this experiment has already been done in a similar way that I was thinking of doing it. It can speed up innovation because now also industry and citizens can consult science. And of course more and more talk about citizen science involving the society and greater transparency which I think is important in this time of fake news and doubt. So there's a lot of benefits about open science and that's why the EC decided to include open science in their policy for their framework programs. So the main open science policies for horizon 2020, I could be really short about it, it's that it's open access to scientific publications. So peer reviewed publications should be openly and freely available to anyone. This is an obligation and also open access to research data. So if this is possible to provide access to the data underlying the publication. There's an opt out possible and research data management is integrated in this open access to research data requirement. Let's go into it a little bit deeper. So the open access policy states that you have to ensure open access as soon as possible later on publication to deposit machine readable electronic copy. This is literally the text from the grant agreement. I always find it a bit confusing because it says a lot in the short texts. So let's let's break it down a little bit. What does it say exactly? So the first thing that I want to stress is that researchers always have the choice to choose where to publish. So they can choose any journal. That means that they all also can go for a subscription based journal. They do not have to choose an open access journal, although this is definitely an option. It is not an obligation. However, wherever they choose to publish, they should always be a copy in the repository and you can provide access to a repository. This is a literature repository specifically for academic publishers. And the reason why is because it provides a sustainable way of archiving articles. And also, of course, a lot of those repositories have services attached to it, which will make it easier. For example, for the EC to include it automatically in reporting something that's open air is helping it. So always remember to deposit a version in a repository no matter where you publish and add the right information metadata. So the funder grant ID number. So that's a publication can actually be picked up by the EC. If you do choose for an open access journal, which I said is not an obligation, you can look for at the direction of open access journal to find a quality open access journal. There's a lot of information you can look on topic, but it also have information on possible costs, because some open access journals and not all do ask the author for a fee the article processes charge. These fees are supported by the EC, both for open access journals and hybrid journals. Hybrid journals are subscription based journals. So you pay for a subscription, but they offer the possibility of making one or more articles openly accessible. But you still have to pay for them. It's not something that libraries like a lot because of course you pay twice, but in our rise in 2020, those costs are supported. Just remember to always deposit a version in a repository, even if you publish in an open access journal. Where to deposit them? Well, most institutions have their own repositories. A lot of university and research agencies have their own repository. You can also go for a disciplinary repository or for the nodal, which is a multidisciplinary and free repository, which also accepts data and other research outputs, such as presentations or things like that. If you're looking for, if you don't know where to look, there's also a directory of open access repositories. Sherpa Open Door is one for ePrince.org.eprince and OpenAir also have a list with OpenAir compliant repositories, which means that those repositories adopted some guidelines that will make it easier for researchers to report because the information is carried over to the EC reporting tool automatically. What to deposit? It's important that it's the final peer review manuscript. So you can definitely also deposit earlier version, but for the EC it's important that it's peer reviewed version. If you can deposit a publisher's version, that's good too, of course. The publisher version has the layout of the publisher, but publishers do not always allow this version to be deposited. So it's best to check the publisher's policy on what you can deposit. There are two things to remember. So the version, which would be the final peer reviewed version, but also if there's a possible embargo. Some publishers set an embargo before you can actually deposit something. If you want to have an overview of copyright policies and self-requiving permission, you can go to sherpa.org to find an overview of all the policies. So this policy applies to all kind of publication, but the emphasis is on peer reviewed journal articles. So for peer reviewed journal articles, depositing is an obligation. The other such as books or gray literature, it's recommended, but it's not an obligation. When to deposit as soon as possible, the latest on publication and when to provide open access, well immediately, if you can, if your publisher's allowed it, or if you publish an open access journal, of course you can deposit immediately and make it open access, or after an embargo, six months is allowed or 12 months for social science and humanities. So if your publisher does not allow your publication to be deposited, you can always try to amend your publisher agreements and EC has a model amendments that you can use for that reason. So in short, researchers can always decide where to publish. There's no obligation to publish in an open access journal. You can also go for a subscription based journal. Just remember to always self-arguing in a repository and check your publisher's policy on what version you can deposit and if there's an embargo before you can make it openly available. If you go for an open access journal, deposit, but also remember to check possible costs. And you can provide immediately open access to the journal and to the repository. And in case you go for a subscription based journal, that can be a delay due to an embargo, but some publishers also allow you to immediately provide open access. So in short, this is the open access policy. The open data policy is a little bit different. What started as a flexible pilot for open research data became the default in 2017. So all projects are involved now in the open research data pilot. And there are two pillars. So there's on the one side, there's data management planning. And on the other side, there's the open access to research data. This, of course, is highly recommended, but it's not an obligation. And it's important to think of those things as two pillars, because of course, if you cannot make your data openly available for some reason, you can still do data management planning if you reuse or gather any data. So data management planning is almost always possible. Open access to research data is most of the time possible, but not always. So there's an opt out possibility. What are the requirements of this pilot? Well, first to develop a data management plan, where you explain what data you will gather or reuse, what you will do with the data, and how you will make your data usable for other projects. And the EC uses the fair principles to make data as usable as possible, and fair stands for findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. So your data management plan basically describes how you will treat your data to make this possible. After your data management plan and your research has been done, you have to deposit data sets in a research data repository together with the necessary information to make your data understandable and usable. Research data repository is similar to a literature repository, but for data. And then if possible, you have to provide access to your research data. These requirements are primarily focused on data that is needed to validate results in scientific publication, but you can also choose to include more data sets or your bar data, and then you can specify it in your data management plan. Participation, as I said before, it started as a limited pilot in 2014, but by 2017 this pilot was extended to all the projects. So participating is now the default option. Costs are eligible for funding for the duration of the project, and there's still the possibility to opt out at any stage. So not only at the beginning of your project, but also if you later find out that you want to exploit your results, for example, you can still opt out of sharing your data. Reasons can be a set expectation of results, confidentiality, or protection of personal data, if no data is generated, or any other reason that you, I mean any other reason that makes sense, of course. If you opt out, projects are still encouraged to develop a data management plan, because as I said before, you can still manage your data even if you cannot make it openly available. So there's decrease of data sharing. This open research data pilot is not a black and white story. The mantra of the EC is try to make your data as open as possible, but as closed as necessary. Don't take any risk. So you have completely open data that is free to use and to modify and to share by anyone for any purpose. And on the other side, you have completely closed data that you're unable to share or is under embargo. But there's a big gray area where you can choose to make some data sets open and close others, or where you can choose to only allow a certain type of users or a certain type of use for your data. So there is this gray area of restricted or controlled data. You can find all the information about the fair data management in Horizon 2020 in the guidelines on fair data management. It explains the extension of the pilots. It clarifies the concept of fair data, so findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. It explains what the data management plan is and what it is for and when to update it. It notes what happened at different stages of your project. It explained the costs and which costs are eligible. Then very important, it has a template for a data management plan, which are a set of questions, quite a lot actually. And you're not obligated to use this template, but it's very much recommended because all the teams that are in the template should be addressed. So it's easy to use those questions and it will ask you how you make your data fair. So it has a question on interoperability and access to your data and so on. I'm not going to into detail about the practicalities of how to make your data fair and things like that. There was a webinar yesterday about data management plan and also openair.eu has a lot of information about data management and different topics on data management that you can consult. But in short, step one, you should write a data management plan. There are online tools that you can use. You have to find a repository that matches your data needs. Again, there are a number of websites you can consult if you're looking for a data repository. Then you should deposit your data together with the necessary information to make your data accessible, so metadata and other tools. And if you're looking for support, the EC guidelines that I just mentioned are really useful. Openair can provide you with a lot of information. And the DCC, the Digital Creation Center in the UK, is also a good source for information for research data management. So this in short, but open science policies until now. So I'll have a brief look at the future and what I can already say about it. So the evolution of the EU funding programs follow a logical path, I think. So what started as a pilot for open access to publication became mandatory in Horizon 2020 with a pilot for open research data and data management planning. Then in 2017, that became mandatory as well with some exceptions, of course, for sensitive data. And that's where we are now. So in Horizon Europe, this path will follow its logical course, I think. So open access is still mandatory. And then what I think will provide more clarity in the policy is that there will be a distinction between data management planning and open data. So it will not be seen as one big thing anymore, because data management planning is always, always possible. Open data will become the default option, but still exceptions will be possible. And open science will be embedded throughout the whole work program and grant agreement. So what we do know now, the model grant agreement is at the moment an internal document. I haven't seen it yet. I do not work for the UC. I work for open air. But what we can see is that it continues and strengthens the current policy. So it is a logical evolution of the policy. It's still being negotiated. So I am going to say some things about it, but do not pin me down on it. Some changes might still occur. It's still being negotiated. But those are the things that are on the table now. So in Horizon Europe for open science, open access to verification will be insured. So I copied this from a slide from the EC. I find it very funny that I say, no way around this. And then a smiley face. But so it still will be an obligation to make your publication open access. Open access to research data will still be as open as possible and as close as necessary. Then data management will be its own topic. Still there will be data management planning. So DMP will still be included. And it still follows the fair principles for data. And a long-term preservation of data will be insured. Open science practices will be promoted and encouraged. So with incentives and obligations. So this is a stick in the carrot tactic for open science practices. There might be additional obligation to use EOSC. So the European Open Science Cloud, which is a big infrastructure project of Europe for data. So some work programs might be required to use EOSC for storing or giving access to research data. The details about this are not clear yet. We'll see. Artists must retain enough rights for open access. This is important to make open access possible. And exceptions to open access for research data will be better described. As I said before, in Horizon 2020, there were some reasons listed. But then it also, you could also include your own reason. And I think that will probably be more limited or better described what are good reasons for the exception to open access to data. So speaking of data, the research data management will be mainstream with the mandatory data management plan. This will be the case for all the project that generates data or collect data or reuse data. And there will be no exception. So there is no opting out of the DMP requirement for a project that actually works with data. I think that makes sense. Open will be the default for data exceptions to still apply. It's not an opting out, but it's really an exception. So data management still applies, but you can opt out of the open if your data is sensitive. It will still follow the fair research data principles. So a lot of the things that are already in DMP templates, like identifies for such repositories, licenses, and other things, will be also in Horizon Europe, the DMP, I can imagine. And then the use of the European Open Science Cloud could be required in some work programs. We'll see how that turns out. So in conclusion, we go beyond open access of publication and data. There are stronger open access requirements, especially on data. And the aim is to empower authors to provide open access and give them all the rights and things. So open access is encouraged to other research outputs. So we're moving beyond publication and data, open access for software, for models, and etc. And there will be a set of obligations toward responsible research data management with the DMP and fair research data and open data sharing. But of course, intellectual property rights or exploitation will still be possible, and there will still be some exception to the open data sharing. Open science will become Monday's upper one day. So open science will be waived throughout the whole work package. In scientific communications, citizen science will be promoted, combination of application and incentives. There will be sanctions for grant beneficiaries that repeatedly and consistently fail to provide the required open access. I can imagine it's especially the case for publications. And appropriate metrics will be set for assessing the impact of research output, because of course, that's important also to make open science a reality that metrics are adjusted to open science requirements. I briefly want to say something about Plan S because the European Commission is part of the Plan S consortium. So as a reminder, Plan S was set up by Coalition S to make all publications funded by public grants openly available by 2021 immediately. So the core requirements are immediately open access without embargoes. Arters are the institutions retain copyright and publish under an open license, open access fees are the responsibilities of the funders or the research institutions and not individual researchers and no support for hybrid models. So the EC is a supporter of Plan S and then we can now see how this translates in Horizon Europe. So immediately open access without embargoes, Horizon Europe will go for immediately open access, embargoes will no longer be accepted. So open access should be provided through a repository or open access publishing and a repository. So again, repositories stay the main focus of the policy. Arters are the institution retain copyrights and publish under an open license. Copyright retention is already in the Horizon Europe regulations, so I think that's good news. No support for hybrid models, hybrid journals will not be, cost for hybrid journals will not be eligible in Horizon Europe. So it will still be possible, I think, to publish in hybrid journals, but the cost will not be eligible for funding by Horizon Europe. And that's all that I wanted to say about the policies. We already had some questions through the forum. I'll answer those first and then I'll go to the question that you post in the Q&A or in the chat. So one of the questions was currently there seem to be no sanction for projects that do not fulfill their open access or RDM research data management obligation. Are there any signs that this will change in the future or in Horizon Europe? Well, first of all, there are already examples of project being notified of the obligations and warnings of grant being reduced. So OpenAir has a network of open access experts, so in every country we have a node, which is an open science expert, and they already mentioned that more and more projects are being warned that their publication are not openly available. So this is already the case. And in Horizon Europe it is explicitly mentioned that there will be sanctions for those grant beneficiaries that repeatedly and consistently fail to provide open access. So surely there will be first a notice before there will be a sanction. But I think in Horizon Europe there will be stronger control of open access to publication and data. Another question was how different are open science policy to open access digital repositories? I don't know if I interpreted this question quite right, because digital repositories are of course an infrastructure that can help with open science policy. So in Horizon 2020, depositing in an open access repository is the way to comply with open access management. You should always deposit in a repository. An open access journal is an option, but not mandatory. I'm not sure if that answers the question, but if it doesn't feel free to let me know in the chat. How do academic libraries participate in the open science policy to provide use information needs? Well that depends on the academic library. Academic libraries basically have a lot of skills and resources that can enable open science, but it depends of course on those skills and resources to see what they can do. A lot of people open science experts work in academic libraries, also the open air in NORADS, a lot of them work in academic libraries, and what they do is they advocate for open science policies, whether in their institution or national level or in working groups, and they raise awareness of the policies that exist or that the policies of the EC for example. They can also give support to infrastructure because libraries are very good in certain things like metadata application. They have experience in curation and preservation of publication, but also of data. They can also train and support researchers because they have the knowledge of the mandates, they have the tools, they have the knowledge of preservation and metadata. So they're really well placed to help researchers on land. And then some academic libraries also take it on them to help with research data management policies or support, but as I said it depends a little bit on the resources and the skills of the libraries. What will be after rising 2020 in Horizon Europe? Well I sketched a picture a little bit, we're not 100% sure yet, but we can see that it will be a logical follow-up of Horizon 2020. So open access to publication will be an obligation, will become the default, also for open access to data with some exception. Data management will be according to the fair principles, will be the default for all the projects that work with data and then open science will be waived throughout the working program. So that's what we can accept for Horizon Europe. I'm gonna stop sharing my screen and see what questions are in the chat. Let's see, stop sharing. Okay, I see questions. So there's a question for which publication type or the open access publishing regulations mandatory. So the open access policy is mandatory for peer-reviewed publications. It's mainly focused on journal articles. All other materials such as books or great literature or things like that, it's not an obligation but it's recommended so you can still try to open them or at least put them in a repository so the are sustainably archived. So that's mandatory for peer-reviewed publishing. So other questions? Thank you, Emily. I think that's all actually. There's been one question in the Q&A which we answered and thank you very much for this very detailed oversight of the policies in regards to Horizon 2020 and Horizon Europe. If I may, I'm also from open air, Toby. Emily, did you introduce the NOADs at the beginning and the national points of contacts in each country? No, I didn't. We may put the URL of the NOADs into the chat just so whichever country you're in or representing. We have an open air ambassador, a national open access desk who you can contact directly for any information about EC projects and also open science in general and open access mandates. So I'll put that into the chat now. Okay, thank you, Natasha. Yes, so if you have questions be sure to contact your national open access desk. They're experts and they're eager to help you. Okay, also if you do have any questions or looking for more information, the open air website has a lot of information about policies but also about data management planning or open access to publication or any other topic on open science. So all questions are very welcome and if there are no more questions, I think we can close this webinar. Or, Natya, was there something else you wanted to point out? No, thank you. Thank you very much, Emily. Thank you very much everybody to join this as well. We'll send feedback, feedback form will be coming to you directly as well. We're always looking to improve but it was really good from Emily's side. Thank you very much. Okay, thank you all for joining. You'll get the presentation and the recordings in the mail next week and you're always welcome with your questions. Okay, thank you. Bye. Bye.