 Good morning, myself Dr. Sanjay Sarsamkar, working as an assistant professor in the Department of Humanities and Sciences, Walchand Institute of Technology, Sulapur. With this session, we are going to learn about numericals based on fuel. So at the end of this session, student will be able to calculate the higher calcific value and lower calcific value of fuel by Boy's Caldometer Experiment and Du Long Formula that is theoretical formula. Content of today's session that is introduction, definition of calcific value, HCV that is high calcific value, LCV that is low calcific value and formula to be used for calculation of HCV, LCV etc by Boy's Caldometer Experiment and Du Long Formula. Introduction, fuel is substance which produces heat energy on combustion. This heat energy is used for cooking in heaters, for vehicles, for many industrial and manufacturing processes. Example of fuel that is wood, coal, kerosene, gasoline, diesel, propane, natural gas, hydrogen etc. Well, fuel it contains more heat energy, it combines with oxygen, undergoes combustion process and it produces a product which is having a lesser heat energy along with this a heat is generated. This generated heat is used for various types of operations, fuel definition, fuel is combustible substance containing carbon as a main constituent which on proper burning gives large amount of heat which can be used economically for domestic and industrial purposes. Calcific value, calcific value of the fuel is total quantity of heat liberated when a unit mass or volume of the fuel is burnt completely. Higher calcific value, it is a total amount of heat produced when a unit mass or volume of the fuel is burnt completely and the products of combustion are cooled to room temperature. Lower calcific value, it is the net heat produced when a unit mass or volume of the fuel is burnt completely and the products are permitted to escape. Calculation of HCV and LCV by Boyd's Calcometer experiment. For this formula to be used is HCV or GCV is equal to capital W into 22-T1 upon V where capital W is weight of water used in experiment, T2 is final temperature, T1 is initial temperature of water and V is volume of gas used for operation. LCV or NCV can be calculated it is equal to GCV minus m by V into latent heat where m is the mass of steam condensed numericals. First following observations were made by Boyd's Calcometer experiment. Volume of gas burnt at STP it is equal to 0.14 meter cubes, weight of water heated that is capital W it is 120 grams, temperature of inlet water that is T1 degree, it is 23 degrees Celsius, temperature of outlet water T2 it is 33 degrees Celsius and weight of steam condensed is 0.020 grams. Calculate HCV and LCV of fuel at STP heat liberated in condensing water vapours and cooling condensate is 580 calories per gram. So we can calculate this by using the formula that is HCV or GCV is equal to capital W into T2 minus T1 upon V. So by putting the values of this W, T2, T1, V we can get the final answer that is HCV or GCV is equal to 120 into 33 minus 23 upon 14. So by simplifying this we are getting the answer that is HCV is equal to 8571.42 calories per gram. LCV, LCV can be calculated by the formula LCV or NCV is equal to GCV minus m by V into latent heat. So LCV is equal to 8571.42 that is obtained answer is used, m is 0.020 and volume is 0.14 into 580 that is the latent heat. So by simplifying we are getting the answer that is LCV is equal to 8488.6 calories per gram. Inumerical following data were made by Boyce Calorimeter experiment, volume of gas V is 24 meter cubes, weight of water heated W 18 kilograms, temperature of inlet water 26 degree Celsius, temperature of outlet water 39 degree Celsius, weight of steam condensed is 0.023 kilograms, calculate HCV and LCV of fuel at STP. Heat liberated in condensing water vapors and cooling the condensate is 580 kilo calories per kilograms. So by using the same formula we can put the values of this capital W, T2, T1, V etc. So HCV is equal to 18 into 39 minus 26 divided by 0.24. So the answer is HCV is equal to 975 kilo calories per kilograms, LCV. So by putting the values of GCV, m, V latent heat we can calculate LCV which is equal to 975 minus 0.023 divided by 0.24 into 580. So the answer is LCV is equal to 2741.96 calories per gram. So numericals based on Doulomb formula that is theoretical formula, we can calculate theoretically by using Doulomb formula the HCV and NCV. For this HCV formula is 1 by 100 into 8080 into percentage of carbon plus 34500 into percentage of hydrogen minus percentage of oxygen divided by 8 plus 2240 into percentage of S that is sulfur. NCV or LCV can be calculated by using the formula that is it is LCV is equal to GCV minus 0.09 into percentage of hydrogen into 587. So let us solve some numericals. Before that pause the video and answer this question. The following data were made by Boyce Calorometer experiment. Volume of gas is 1 meter cubes at STP, weight of water heated is 100 grams, temperature of inlet water is 25 degree Celsius, temperature of outlet water is 35 degree Celsius, calculate HCV of fuel at STP. Options A. 2000 calories per gram, B. 1000 calories per gram, C. 3000 calories per gram, D. 1500 calories per gram. So the answer is B. 1000 calories per gram. Well the problem based on this Doulomb formula. Calculate HCV and LCV of fuel sample having the composition carbon percentage is 84, hydrogen its percentage is 8%, nitrogen 2%, oxygen 8%, sulfur 5%, ash is 3%. Calculate HCV and LCV by taking latent heat of steam 587 kilocalories per kilograms. So the solution for this by putting the values of given percentage of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur etc. We can calculate HCV. So HCV is equal to 1 upon 100 into 8080 into percentage of carbon plus 34500 into percentage of hydrogen minus percentage of oxygen divided by 8 plus 2240 into percentage of sulfur. So it gives us HCV is equal to 1 upon 100 into 8080 into 84 plus 34500 into bracket 8 minus 8 by 8 plus 2240 into 5. So by simplifying we are getting the answer that is 1 upon 100 into 678720 plus 24150 plus 11250. So HCV is 9314.70 calories per gram or kilocalories per kilogram. LCV is equal to GCV minus 0.09 into percentage of hydrogen into 587. So by putting the values of the same that is GCV is equal to 9314.70 minus 0.09 into 8 into 587 by simplifying we are getting the final answer that is LCV is equal to 8892.06 calories per gram. Next numerical, calculate HCV and LCV of fuel sample having the composition that is 86 percent of carbon, 3.5 percentage of hydrogen, 2 percent of nitrogen, 4.5 percent of oxygen, 3 percent sulfur, ash, 1 percent, calculate HCV and LCV by taking latent heat of steam 540 calories per gram. So the solution for this again we have to use the DeLong formula by putting the values in the given equation that is HCV is equal to 1 upon 100 into 8080 into 86 percent of carbon plus 34500 into 3.5 percentage of hydrogen minus oxygen percentage is 4.5 upon 8 plus 2240 into percentage of sulfur is 3. So by simplifying we are getting the answer that is HCV is equal to 1 upon 100 into 694880 plus 101343.75 plus 6720. So the final answer for this is HCV is equal to 8029.43 calories per gram, LCV so LCV is equal to 8029.43 minus 0.09 into percentage of hydrogen that is 3.5 into 540 in this particular case. So LCV is equal to 8029.43 minus 170.1 so LCV is equal to 7859.33 calories per gram. This for this session I have used a textbook of engineering chemistry by Jain and Chain. Thank you.