 Let's talk about blood pressure and what you need to know for the dental office. So basically vital signs as a whole. We need to be taking blood pressure, vital signs, the pulse, respiration at every single new patient exam because we need a baseline of what is normal for that patient. Low blood pressure could be normal for them. High blood pressure could be normal for them, depending. If they're taking blood pressure medications, that might be high blood pressure for them, but without the medication, it's a lot higher. So we need to be asking these questions because ultimately in the dental office, we need to be preventing medical emergencies and that starts with taking and recording vital signs. If things are normal, if things are ideal, then we need to be updating the vital signs every two years. We do not have to do it every appointment unless we're concerned about something. So if a client has unusually high blood pressure that we're monitoring, we should be taking it at least once a year if not every time they come in. If you see a patient every three months, I feel not taking the vital signs is doing a disservice because if they had high blood pressure last time, you told them you were going to monitor it and then they come in for their three month cleaning and you don't take the vital signs, well, were you serious about monitoring it last time or what's happening there, right? So we should be doing it every time or at least once a year for those that were going to monitor. So in the dental office, blood pressure, sorry guys, let me move that back here. Blood pressure is something we need to do first. So basically you guys, what is hypertension? So hypertension is when blood pressure is too high. What is hypotension when blood pressure is too low? Both aren't a good thing. We're of course going to be more concerned with high blood pressure because that can pose a lot of health risks. But low blood pressure isn't good either because that could mean they have a chance of just passing out if they get a little bit stressed out during a dental procedure. So we need to be aware of that as well. But you need to know what is normal? Basically for adults, 120 over 80 is normal. Everything higher than that could be prehypertensive. Very high could be hypertensive. There is different stages. Anything lower, that is when we talk about low blood pressure, something to keep a note of. So there's many different stages of hypertension. There could be two, there could be four. It depends on the chart that you're looking at, but I've kept it very simple here. So prehypertensive, this is when things are normal but a little bit higher than maybe you would like, something to keep an eye on. That is when the top number is 120 to 139 and the bottom number is 80 to 89. But then look at stage one hypertension. This is high, you guys. They have hypertension, something to keep an eye on. You can still do dental treatment, but keep an eye on it, let them know they should really be seeing their doctor just to make sure everything is okay. Maybe they have high blood pressure, this appointment only because they're super nervous for their teeth cleaning. Who knows? But stage one hypertension is 140 to 159 is the top number. The bottom number is 90 to 99. Stage two hypertension, not good. I personally would not see patients if their blood pressure was this high because I would be worried they could have a medical emergency at any moment and I wouldn't feel comfortable sending them home. So stage two is 160 over 179. Remember, normal is 120. So that's a big difference, you guys. And the bottom number of stage two hypertension is 100 to 109. Remember, normal is 80, so a big difference. Keep an eye on this, send them to the doctor, let them know you're not messing around, these things need to be monitored. So then temperature, to keep it simple, anything under 100, I feel is normal. If it's 101 or higher, uh-oh, they probably have a fever, something's going on. In the dental office, in my dental hygiene practice, I don't personally take temperature, but I guess it can't hurt, right? I'm more concerned with blood pressure, respiration and pulse. So pulse, okay? So let me talk about pulse a little bit here. So pulse is when you're looking at, you know, those beats per minute. And normal for adults is typically 60 to 100. For children, I tell people 60 to 140, depending on the age. So typically it is higher, they have a higher pulse, but that's normal. If it's too high, over 100 beats per minute or too low, then we have a term for that. Tachycardia or bradycardia, those you do have to make a note of. Do you necessarily have to put that in the chart? Those key terms, maybe not, but I do, why not? Respiration, so how the client's lungs are doing basically. Are they breathing quite quickly or normal? So normal could be anywhere from 12 to 20, 15 to 25. So basically if it's 30 per minute, that might be too high. If it's 10, that might be too low, but just something to keep in mind. And then we have different classes for how we're going to treat patients for dental care. You don't have to worry about this so much necessarily. I do talk about this more inside the board exam prep academy because for the board exam, you have to know it, but not necessarily for the office you are working in unless you're putting patients to sleep on a regular basis. If you're referring them out, then you probably don't have to worry about this, but feel free to take a screenshot if you like. I hope this helped you guys. Please let me know if you have any questions and I'll see you in the next one.