 You had the basis of DRAM and microprocessor. So how did the microprocessor side of that evolve? The microprocessor side evolved by Intel having a custom deal. And this custom deal was a Japanese customer that wanted to make a family of calculators, desktop calculators and calculating machines. They had developed their own architecture. They had a three-chip CPU. They were still using serial memories, shift registers, because in those days there was no dynamic RAM yet. So the only low-cost memory, read-write memory, was the shift register. But shift register is difficult to handle because it's great for data if you like a terminal or a calculator where you can have circulating data. But when you have programs, what do you do? So it's kind of a complicated to handle and to load programs and so on is a complex thing. So that's why they had three chips. But basically those three chips were due to two things. One is that the level of integration that was possible in those days was not sufficient and the extra complexity. So those three chips were reduced to one chip by changing the architecture so that the architecture could handle RAM instead of shift registers as the read-write memory, which saved a lot. But still it couldn't be done in a single chip. Silicon game was necessary. That change was not done by me. It was done by one of the application people at Intel, though the architecture of that computer is kind of standard in those days. Many people knew how to do it. The question was, how do you do it? How can you put 2,300, 2,500 transistors? We didn't know yet. It was between 2,500 the estimate in a single chip. They had to be small enough to make money and so on. And so that was my task. I handled all of that. It was creating the process, creating the tools, all the things around. All the things around Intel in those days were making memories. They were just beginning. When I joined, they were just in the middle of making the 1103 was the first 1,000 bit dynamic RAM. And what year was this then? When day you joined? This was 1970. April. So you moved to Intel then? Yeah. And Intel was a small company. They had probably 120 people, which most of them were workers because they were already in production. They were producing chip registers in those days and a few memories. But memories were still slow to be picked up also because they were slow. Access time 1.5 microseconds. So in the book, you were talking about some of the characters you dealt with in launching the microprocessors. Any interesting stories or people, personalities, obviously that you had to deal with here? Yeah, but I could go on for hours, right? So I think that we have so much to talk about. OK, all right. We better move on. OK. So but this time we're around the processor 4004. 4004 and then, of course, 4004 was for it. It was exclusive for the customer. But nobody at Intel thought that it could be useful other than making calculators. And I said, no, no, no, this is excellent to make controllers, like microcontrollers. What now you would do with a microcontroller. So but they won't listen. So I actually developed a tester of the 4004. Using the 4004 as the controller of the tester and also the generator of the test pattern of the tester. Interesting. So that and so I wanted to figure out how a customer would have to use these parts because a microprocessor, a data sheet is not enough. You need to have some tools, give some help to the customer. And so I figured out what needs to be done as an engineer using these parts other than the customer that already knew it was tooled up to do that. We were busy in Japanese customer. So with that, I was able to convince my bosses to get back, to buy back the exclusivity so that they could sell those four chipset, CPU, RAM, ROM, and IO. So there were four chips that would work seamlessly together. And at that time, Bob Noyce was the CEO. And I even knew that Visicom was in trouble because Shima, the engineer that came over here to help out with the design of the chipset, essentially to represent the customer because it was an exclusive deal for them, told me that the company was not doing very well. They were paying too much for the chipset. And so I told Bob Noyce that if it would lower the price, he probably would get the exclusivity back, so which is exactly what he did. And so in November of 1971, 50 years ago, the 2004 was announced. And I must say, except for the people that knew what computers do, it did very well for the people that had indeed that had something they wanted to solve the problem. And so it was very successful, highly successful, but very successful, paid the bills for the 2008. It was the next, also that one started as a custom product. It was the first 8-bit microprocessor in the world, which I also directed. It was the customer base for these data points, which never used it. And so Intel bought back the rights for the architecture. And then out of that, I changed the architecture, improved it, and developed the 8080. And it took me nine months to get my managers to let me do it. I figured out what was needed. So the challenges of today were still present like that. The management is always in the way. Sorry about it. Obstacles, yes, yes, yes.