 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel, Explore Education. I am Dr. Reshmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Girls Ruby College, University of Allahabad. And nowadays, I am discussing topics over the main theme of elementary education, or you can say primary education, in which already I have discussed UEE, that is universalization of elementary education. But still, there is so much to explore in this topic. So, I have made another topic on the goal of universalization of education, means that the aim of education is that we have talked about it in the form of elementary education, but it also touches the IAM, which was in that video. So, I tried again to discuss it with you. And after this, I have to talk a lot like diet, District Institute of Education and Training, SSA, Sarva Shiksha, so all of this is connected somewhere. So, we need to know that in India, how the aim of education is to increase the goal of universalization. Okay, and the lecture will be bilingual. You will get content in English as an explanation in Hindi, and it must be useful for all of you. Let's start. So, we need to know that if we want to increase the goal of education, then we need to do two most important goals and goals of the nation. What are the first? First, universalization of elementary education, that we can reach all elementary education. And then, eradication of adult illiteracy. Now, because adult literacy or adult illiteracy was not in universalization of elementary education, so I have touched it again. Okay, and you need to see this again and again, So, we need to know that both UEE and adult education are connected to each other. How? Until adult is educated or illiterate, he will not send his child to school. He will not understand the importance of education. So, if you want to achieve UEE, then you have to get adult education first. Both are connected to each other. If you get elementary education, that means, first, it will be literate, second, adult illiteracy will be less, and if it will be adult illiterate, then it will be easy for you to achieve UEE. So, the fourth part of the double constitution that was talked about was DPSP. What is DPSP? Directive Principles of State Policy. That means, you are giving direction to the state that you should follow this. You are just giving direction. This is a matter of attention. You do not have any law on this. You cannot forcefully apply this. Okay, so there are two articles, article 41 and article 45. Article 41 has said that the state shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to education. See, what he is saying? He is directing the King and the King that the state shall, that is, the King will do. What will he do? Within the limits of its economic capacity and development. That is, the strength of its strength and the strength of its development in its limits, then it will differ here. Some state will say that our economic capacity is not like that. We cannot spend it on education. Some will say that our situation is very bad. Some will say that we have to develop the rest. It means that here they had only thought, that means the constitution makers, that it will be useful to keep it in DPSP, but it will not work as you know. So, article 41 has said that under the limits of its economic capacity and development, make the right to education effective provision. Then article 45, which is very important. And see, the articles, because it is long, it is not so popular, but article 45, you have to remember as it is, to mix word with word. You cannot change a single word here because it is written in the constitution. Okay, so what did article 45 say? Under the same part, which deals with provision for free and compulsory education for children, that is, for children, free and compulsory education for children. And it can be read in this way, that the state shall endeavor to provide. Look here, because it is DPSP, that is why you are just parroting it and saying that the state will do it. What will it do? It will try. To provide, what will it do? Within a period of 10 years, from the commencement of this constitution, you know when the constitution was established, they are saying that within 10 years of the constitution, the state will try that all the children who are going to be of age of 14, you can provide free and compulsory education to them. When the state was established, when the constitution was established, when 10 years have passed, and I will share with you in the next video, that literacy rate is still the data of 2021-22 or 2021-22 is 70%. That is to say, every 100 people are still unprotected. Okay, it is written in this way. The country has since independence made considerable progress in the areas of elementary education and literacy. We have also made a lot of progress since we have got freedom. Literacy percentage improved from 16.7% in 1951. In 1951, it was only 16.7%. That is to say, 17 people were also unprotected and the total number of people were unprotected. Then in 1981, it increased to 26.2%. In 2011, it has made a lot of progress and this 74% has been unprotected. But the problem is that the males have reached to 42.1%. But the females are still up to 65.4%. Which is now the latest data of 2021-22. This is the data of the constitution, which has reached to 77.9%. So this was the data of the country when it was free of charge. When it was free of charge, they had two main issues that they had to solve. First of all, they were able to reach education that was unprotected. Because now you can't do that in regular schooling for elementary education. So you have to teach them in a different way. But at least you can encourage them to do their daily work. And understand the importance of that education and send it to your children. Next, NPE on the Goal of Universalization. We feel that NEP-22 is being discussed a lot. Thirdly, it is becoming a waste of time. It is becoming a waste of time. But we haven't been able to implement it yet. But NPE-1987 has a lot of work to do. A lot has happened. You will see how long we will quote it. So in May 1986, parliament adopted a new national policy on education NPE. And in August 1986, approved a detailed POA, Program of Action for Implementation. He is saying that the censor adopted a national policy in 1986. And in August 1986, he approved a detailed program of action. That is to see how much work this program is doing in action. It is working on the targets. The NPE states the goals of universalization of elementary education and eradication of adult literacy. So NPE said that we have to get this. We have to get UEE and we have to get adult literacy. So what NPE is saying is that the universalization goal, whether of elementary education or adult literacy, adult literacy has two aspects. People are saying that it is the goal of universalization. Whether it is the primary elementary education, which is also called post primary education. Whether it is the primary education, what are its two aspects? Which aspects? The first is universal enrollment and retention. And the second is universal attainment. So universal enrollment and retention, especially the basic thing is simple. You can enroll everyone, meaning everyone's name is uncle. After the name is uncle, if the child is not drop out, then his retention, that is his education, that is universal enrollment and retention of children or persons in the relevant age group, in the elementary school, non-formal education, adult education system, and their regular attendance. That is universal enrollment, retention and attendance is implied. That you are his admission, his enrollment, he stays in school, college, in NFE, not a little, then universal attainment, not only I, I can also get something, I can also get some benefits. Universal attainment by them of at least the specified minimum levels of learning. What do they get? Minimum level of learning. You know, the concept of MLL also came. With no stress on the inculcation of essential values, with no stress on the inculcation of essential values, with no stress on the inculcation of essential values, with no stress on learning at least. So the above two components would be termed as the numerical and qualitative aspects of universal school. The first one, universal enrollment and retention, this has become a numerical aspect. We cannot argue about how much children have been enrolled, how much have been dropped out, and what is universal attainment? Qualitative. How much he has retained. How much he has attained. and qualitative aspect to fulfill the goal of universalization and NPE 1986 is talking about all this. After that, universalization will be in two contexts. One is in the context of elementary education and the other is in the context of adult education. So universalization in the context of EE is saying that in the case of universalization of primary or elementary education primary is called UPE, elementary is called UPE. It is important that children attain prescribed minimum levels by a certain specified age, that is, the highest age, the lowest age, until then they have reached the minimum level. The UPE and UEE goal could be attained in specific terms. How can you say their goal in specific terms? If you say UPE, I mean UEE elementary is called upper primary, I mean post primary. So UPE is to ensure that every child, we have to understand that every child, by the time he or she attains a specified age until that age, until that age, until that age, until that age reaches the minimum level of learning, the prescribed, the specified, the first thing to be told that you have to learn this much for the primary stage of education. The UPE is to ensure that every child, by the time he or she attains the age of about 14 years, achieves at least the minimum levels of learning prescribed for the upper primary stage of education. I mean, if a child is 14 years old, then the minimum level of learning prescribed for the upper primary stage of education can be achieved by using this UEE. And if it is UPE, then it is a primary stage. Whatever age it is, it can be achieved by using this UEE for 14 years. Then universalization in the context of adult education? In May 1988, a national literacy mission NLM was formally launched to tackle the problem of illiteracy in a time bound manner. In 1991, there will be an estimated 116 million illiterates in the country in the 15 to 35 age group. The mission seeks to impart functional literacy to 80 millions of these by 1995. Now look, try to understand in this manner. When we are at the student level, or a lot of people think that this is such a small commission, how to remember this year, then remember the concept. Remember that NPE has said that you have to get UEE and adult education. Then national literacy mission has been made, national literacy mission has been made, it has been made to remove illiterate conditions. They have taken it from age level 15 to 35, but still they have gone up to 35, so the illiterate condition has been removed. So this must have been achieved after 1986. So you will at least not make a blunder mistake that you will say that national literacy mission will be made in 1950. It has been made in 1988 only after 1986. They have tried to increase the number of illiterates in 1995. In the country, in the 15 to 35 age group, there will be about 116 million illiterate people, who will be able to reach 80 million of these by 1955. Functional literacy means functional literacy, which means functional literacy. Then there is no need to pay attention to the age group. It was 15 to 35 or 20 to 40. It has been covered in UEE for the last 12 years, so it has been covered in 15 to 35 years. It has been covered in 15 to 35 years. So now what is functional literacy? Functional literacy for the mission's purpose has been defined as they are saying that you will say that the worker is in charge, the worker is in charge, the person is in charge. So it should have literacy and numeracy. That means they can read and write. Acquiring skills to improve economic status and general well-being. It has this caution. I have also discussed this in the development of adult education. You can read it from there also. Acquiring skills to improve economic status and general well-being. They are saying that you can learn cautionary skills, so that you can improve your art skills. They are saying well-being is called well-being. Then becoming aware of the cause of deprivation and moving towards amelioration through organization and participation in the process of development. That person can be so aware that he can understand what is the problem and how he will be able to move towards betterment. And he should also listen to his participation in the development of the state. And imbibing essential values. The studies that are written in it have not been done and they are not satisfied with it. What are the reasons? It is the only state. So it is understood that the entire state is one. Women's equality. Women's equality. Women's equality. The conservation of environment. It should be done for the protection of the environment. And small family norms. It should be understood that it is difficult for a large family to support everyone. It is difficult to support everyone. So it should be done for a small family. There are so many functional literacies that I want to teach you. NLM, which they made in 1998. It was 116 crores in 1991. And it is believed that by 1955, we will cover 80 crores. Okay. So how can we conclude this? We can conclude this in such a way that the qualitative improvement goal is an open-ended one. And it is perhaps best reflected in article 51A of the constitution which lists as one of the fundamental duties of every citizen of India. They are saying that what is quantitative? That we should enrolment and retention. What is qualitative? That we can give them attainment. We can give them a minimum level of learning. So they are saying that one of the fundamental duties of the constitution is to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity. So that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of entertainment. They are saying that every person should work in every sphere in order to increase their creativity. Whether it is a bio-sphere or a collective activity. For example, our nation should rise to higher levels of entertainment. In the light of what has been stated above, our goals in the areas of elementary and adult education could be summarised as follows. They are saying that the things that we have said can be summarised in two lines. 1. Universal attainment of minimum levels of learning with the stress on value education and pursuit of excellence or lifelong and continuing education. That is to say that we can make MLL universal attainment. That is to say that everyone has a minimum level of learning and the value education on which it is given. That is to say that you should not forget the principle of education. What else should we do? We have to talk about life-long continuing education. When you listen to the development of adult education in India, you will find that the current level of adult education is life-long continuing education. So how are things connected to each other? Everything is connected to each other. When we know everything, then we can connect it. Otherwise we feel that adult education is different. Elementary education is different. NPE is different. Kothari Commission is connected to each other. Everything is connected to each other. When we know everything, then we can understand this linkage. Okay. So I have completed universalisation of education in the context of adult education too. Already I have covered UEE, the concept of UEE. So it is a revision sort of video for you. So thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe to my channel Explore Education. I have done from my side.