 Greetings to everyone. Welcome to this exciting event. Food is more than just what we eat. The ways in which we produce, process, and consume food touches every aspect of life on this planet. It is a foundation of our cultures, of our economies, and our relationship with the natural world. And has the power to bring us together as families, communities, and nations. These are the introductory words to the objective set for the UN Food Systems Summit. In recent years, and during the preparation of the UN Food Systems Summit, agroecology has emerged as one of the most promising transformational solution to the problems of our food system. And now a broad coalition of action is forming and gaining momentum. Agroecology is a movement, a set of practices, but also a scientific discipline. In all these aspects, agroecology is a dynamic, inclusive, transformative power to change food systems. In 2019, the consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers, the CGIR, and French Research Institution conceived a joint initiative to address critical knowledge gaps about agroecological transitions to provide evidence to underpin advocacy and inform policymakers and donors about the potential of agroecological approaches. They produced a call for action, a call for agricultural research organization and researchers to play a leadership role in the global movement to bring about sustainability, health, equity, and food security transition in the agri-food system. This initiative quickly evolved into the creation of the transformative partnership platform TPP, which was officially launched in a side event of the Committee on World Food Security last June in Rome. The TPP is open to all individuals and organizations truly sharing the same vision. In this original call and in the TPP, we recognize that there will be changes in our scientists typically work. They have to be more inclusive. They should build wider and more balanced partnerships with diverse stakeholders and better engagement in co-creation of knowledge and innovation with practitioners and stakeholders, as well as better inclusion of traditional knowledge. Researchers and research organizations need to change mindsets, culture, and methodologies. A powerful way to involve the public is to engage everyone in the citizen science. This means that anyone and everyone can collaborate in research to increase global scientific knowledge. In our case, this approach is highly relevant because agri-ecology is based on inclusiveness and empowerment. The TPP, supported by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, wishes to launch this bold citizen science campaign to involve smaller farmers, farm workers, and food consumers in generating knowledge to accelerate and document agroecological transitions. This citizen science initiative is intended to provide evidence to support advocacy and inform policymakers and donors, but not only about the potential of agroecological approaches, but also about the quantity, the diversity, and the wealth of farmers innovation. This is particularly important for the definition of the respective country transformation pathways and strategies as foreseen in the next steps of the Food Systems Summit portfolio of action. This initiative is not a project of the coalition, but aims at complementing the work of different initiatives and all the very important research on agroecology. In the news released two days ago, the United Nations special rapporteurs on the rights to food, on human rights and the environment, and on extreme poverty, said, agroecology is one of the best ways to ensure that food systems fulfill human rights and respect the planet's environment. We think that agroecology should be primarily focused because it starts with the question of power dynamics. This initiative also aims to build on this premise by democratizing involvement in science. The first stakeholder should democratically decide what's the focus of the citizen science initiative should be and then engage in generating knowledge in support of agroecological transition. So during several meetings of the CGIR system council, we were told that gene banks are the crown jewels of the CGIR system. Scientists have collected almost one million crops varieties and are conserving them. But before that, millions of farmers worldwide have selected and bred these varieties. Small of the farmers are the designer of those crown jewels. Small of the farmers are feeding 70% of the world population and together with consumer they know very well. Well, the cultural and economic value of food and its relationship with the natural world, as it is mentioned in the objective of the summit. So let us work all together democratically creating a citizen science movement for agroecology. We will co-create co-design today and throughout the process, the floor is used, size this opportunity, share your inputs, ideas, suggestions and concern. Thank you. Thank you very much, Michelle. I'm Fergus Sinclair, I'm the Chief Scientist at Sinclair aircraft and co-convenor of the TPP that Michelle has just referred to. Can I have the first slide? I'm just going to introduce the first session, we have three parts to this, maybe you can put it into display mode, fantastic. So when we're talking about citizen science, there are sort of two aspects to it that are important, the extent to which science is responsive to the concerns and needs of citizens, and then the extent to which citizens are involved in actually providing information that generates scientific knowledge involved in the co-creation of that knowledge. And that original formation of the concept of citizen science from Alan Irwin last century is bang up to date with the way in which the European Commission is conceiving it now. Now some citizen science initiatives concentrate on one or other of those two, with I guess a little bit more emphasis quite often on the crowdsourcing of data, the collection of data. Next slide. So we're already in this initiative that's only been alive for a matter of days, collecting lots of examples of the way that citizen science is being applied in agroecology and related fields from collecting and monitoring biodiversity through sharing films about agroecological practices that farmers make on their own mobiles through connecting buyers and sellers of products and connecting information with those transactions. Next slide please. The whole concept of pharma networks. Next slide and pharma field schools that have been pushed by FAO where people are taking part in understanding and advancing principles. And then we've got quite a bit around rights and citizen science and meeting SDG targets, including around soil health. So there are lots of examples and these are just just a few that I'm showing here and we will be collating these to make them easy for you to access examples. Next slide. So today, we're going to kick off by looking at a series of examples that cover different types of approaches. And then we're going to have a critique of big data, and then try to sort of distill what the key issues are and then have some audience interaction with all of you to try to see whether we can start moving towards defining where this initiative should go. So with that, let me go to the first example that's being highlighted and each one of these is just five minutes. So tour, could you tell us about re greening Africa in in five minutes. Thanks. Thanks Fergus. So I'm going to walk you through a little bit of sort of the journey and some of the applications of the re greening Africa app and how we're using this in the context of what we call assisted crowdsourcing and the reason we call it assisted is that there's a lot of engagement that goes into this, this particular work and so it's basically working with with stakeholders across eight countries in East and West Africa. And the objective is, or the reason we developed the app was that we wanted to create a set of tools to allow stakeholders to basically, sorry, to basically track restoration at scale. So first of all, the app is available on the Google Play Store. So if you want to have a look at it, feel free just go to the Google Play Store on your Android. If you have an iPhone, I'm sorry. But just go on your Android and search for re greening Africa and it will come up and you can install from there. So this is available and you can use it for tracking your own interventions if you want it's open for anyone to use. So what we do in the app is we we collect information on people's restoration activities around tree planting around farmer managed natural regeneration which many of you know is quite common in West Africa and also in parts of East Africa and on nurseries. So looking at what what seedlings are available what species are available where are they available etc. And then there's the training or capacity development module as well. So I'm just going to take you through a few examples, just sort of a quick highlight. And this is just from Kenya. So in the app we obviously can we use it in the context of projects to look across different countries how many farmers are practicing for example tree planting and we have FNR or both as you see in that graph at the bottom. So in the, in the re greening Africa project which is where we developed the app initially but we've now sort of expanded it beyond that. We see that we have a lot of engagement in Rwanda, a lot of use Senegal Ghana Niger Kenya. At the in the top left here we have a map of Western Kenya, you can see the where it is in the relative to the rest of Kenya. And we see polygons on this map where users have used the app to walk their field boundaries. And that's a really important aspect of this is that we are actually tracking, not only what people are reporting to be doing but also where they are doing it so the kind of trees that are being planted or protected in the case of FNR, how they're doing it so what kinds of practices, where is this being done on farm and for what so it's, it's, it's really just a really rich data set that we're getting from this. If we zoom in just to look at an example, we see here, some, some of our stakeholders and partners on the ground measuring a tree. So essentially that trees geo referenced it sits within the field. You can see the field boundaries there on the map in those sort of greenish yellow. And so in other words, we can and we also capture the species and we do various measurements. So when people use the app they're submitting information that ranges in that we can use to look at biodiversity we can use it to look at the intensity of practices we can figure out where they're happening, and we can look at change over time. So, here's just an example from from Rwanda with some of the data as you can see some of the species that are being planted in the case of Rwanda it's mostly tree planting. And then the number of trees the survival rates which is of course a very important thing to keep track of, and where on farm people are planting their trees so it's it on the boundaries that in a wood lot is an improper and etc. If we go to Senegal, just jumping across the continent, we see that mostly it's FMNR so farmer managed natural regeneration. And these are the species on the left. And one of the things we see in these data sets is that in FMNR we have a lot more diversity in terms of the trees, then we see in tree planting. So that's a challenge that we're trying to address in a number of different projects around how do we bring in more diversity into the system so increasing biodiversity which of course is important for soil and land health. And it's also important in the context of agriculture. So you can see on the left again there a field boundary that one of the users has walked. So, the key thing here now, in the way that we usually we're using this information is that with those field boundaries, and with all that information that's being collected, we can connect the crowdsourcing to the science that we're doing. So in other words, we can take the field boundaries and combine that with assessments of land health, for example, soil carbon, which of course is a very important indicator of land health or soil health. And we can relate these things directly to for example climate neutrality goals, recreation targets, etc. And of course this is very important in this decade of land restoration. And we can then extract these land health indicators for the boundaries that people are walking, and then start looking at that various scales. And I'll just put a couple of graphics on the map here that show distributions of erosion on the top one and soil organic carbon in the left one by country within the project. So, we can then derive lots of insights into what is driving land degradation and we can, we can design more effective restoration methods to sort of directly target, target these challenges on the ground. So, a very important message. Yes. So a very important thing here is the connection and the crowdsourcing or the citizen science and the science. Thank you for this. Thank you to a wonderful. And just to remind you in the Q&A, you can vote for questions so that they go up to the top panelists will answer the questions as we're going on. But also, we will answer any that haven't been answered after the event and make it available to you. So let's go on to the Asian Farmers Association and Irish Bagela, who's going to tell us about the Forgotten Food Survey. Irish, you've got five minutes. Yes. Thank you for this. Good morning, good afternoon and good evening to all from the Philippines. It is such a delight to be part of this huge multi stakeholder and timely initiative so I am here representing the Asian Farmers Association for Sustainable Rural Development or AFA, which has 20 member organization in 16 countries with around 13 million small scale women and men producers engage in crops, livestock, fisheries, forestry, birding, pastoralism and further we collaborate with other CSOs and other farmers organization in the region, reaching around 30 million farmers and additional 12 countries. In the next few minutes, I will be sharing with you the process that we had undertaken for the farmer perception survey on traditional food crops, which is, we believe a good example of what farmers organization can do and how we can support these million voices initiative. So in the next three slides, you will see the partners that we work with. The perception survey is part of the collective action on Forgotten Food with Jifar Alliance, Biiversity, International and Siyat, Apaari, MS Swaminathan Research Foundation, Crops for the Future and Fire. So we have been given a small resource to be able to mobilize the national partners and subnational partners. So specifically for the survey it was undertaken with MS Swaminathan Research Foundation based in India, and with 25 national and subnational partners. So you will see in the slides the name of the National Farmers Organizations and CSOs that we worked with. So in the next slide, you can see that we have conducted these prior to original, the next slide please. Thank you. So we have conducted these survey prior to original webinar in June of this year. We use the survey result to develop a farmers declaration on Forgotten crops. We can share that with you in chat. Both the result and the farmers declaration were presented during the regional consultation. It was deliberated and was the basis to develop a regional manifesto both of the farmers organization and the research agencies, specifically Apaari and all its members. And in turn these regional, joint regional manifesto was then used to craft or develop a global manifesto on Forgotten food and it's being used to guide the partners and the development of a global work plan based on these manifesto and the farmers declaration is underway. So the survey was seen something that could facilitate the recognition of different stakeholders on the importance and value of indigenous species and knowledge of farmers and also seen as an effort to conserve these indigenous species and it's also used to highlight or to identify the needed support of the communities to continue to conserve these Forgotten crops. So we see this, we see this perception survey as a catalyst to have a discussion with various stakeholders. So as I have said it was done prior to June, so March to May, that was the duration and there were 18 questions identified under four categories. And I think one of the lessons we've learned during the survey is on the type of questions as we had a challenged processing open-ended question given the number of farmers that we were able to reach. In the next slide we'll show you the six step process that was involved in this initiative. So a joint designing of the questions, translating these questions into several languages of our national partners. And then we had an orientation with all our national partners, the Secretariat of National Farmers Federation, and then CSOs as well. And then we did the actual survey. They did it through phone interview and some of them did an online survey. So the national farmers encoded the data or the answers in the Google form that we have created and then the data were consolidated by a Google sheet. And some of the data needed to be translated to English. Following that we had two consultations with our national partners, all that in a couple of months. So I already mentioned 19 countries were reached, majority of them are from India. Next slide please. And we were able to reach a total of 3,087 farmers in 19 countries. Yeah, sorry there's a delay in the slide. Next slide please. Okay, thank you. So that's the distribution I have mentioned that majority of the farmers who participated were from India. Next slide. Are you coming to the end? Yes, yes. I think that's my, this is my last slide for, yeah. So, as I mentioned, this is the farmers declaration. I will not go into detail but most of the survey result was reflected on this declaration. Next slide. We value this process. We see this process as a very important to our partners because it built our capacity at the regional and national level and that it was not just data gathering but it was also educational. And some of our partners are actually using it to engage their national government. So we see the same benefits and maybe more in this million voice initiative and we see this as an opportunity to amplify our voice and our contribution. Back to you for this. Thank you so much Irish a lot to get into a short time. So let's move to a somewhat more structured approach to interacting with farmers around particularly breeding objectives. David Van Etten from the Alliance of Biodiversity in Seattle is going to tell us about the exciting democratization of science in that area. Thank you, Fergus. Yes, thank you very much. So my name is Jacob Fett and I'll be talking about citizen science in agriculture experimentation so next slide please. So the work that we've done was mainly focused on the testing of varieties that includes land races, modern varieties, varieties created with parts, Patriot breeding for example as well. Many of these trials have common challenges so logistics, large plots and need large farms that's it's difficult to work with small holders, collective action bringing farms together to look at one plot. And then, very often these observations that farmers and do are kind of snapshots, because it's not their farm right they need to go to the neighbors farm to see it. Many of these trials are in a way kind of a replicate of the try to imitate on station trials and they want to be very precise. They're not always very representative of farmer conditions. Next slide please. So to address these challenges, we developed a citizen science approach to address a number of these so instead of kind of looking at farms and kind of paying for farms to be used for participate experiments. You're very inspired by how citizen science allows farmers to really participate as citizen scientists themselves right that's that's a principle in citizen science. Also that it requires less supervision training that digital support the things that happen so you've seen the presentation of tour or the things that happen in birds observation for example. But it also needs kind of a rethink of the statistics behind it so that that's one area of work that we've done, but it also allows us then to analyze environmental adaptation and it's very important for air ecology this kind of play specific solutions. Next please. So this is how the approach looks like it's a little bit cut, at least in my my screen, but it basically creates very small packages for each of the farmers and those are then traced digitally from start to finish so you you kind of design the experiment starting with a digital approach and all the data comes back to you from the farmers who do their observations to a single platform which then allows you to draw conclusions and also to communicate these results back to farmers in a very quick way so that they stay engaged. That is also a very important part of the approach. Next slide please. Yes, so kind of the ingredients of this. It's about simplifying the approach standardizing it and that allows you then to this to streamline it. And then you have all these kinds of benefits scaling this is what we call external validity so it's representative of farmers conditions themselves farmers grow really under how they would grow the crop. We can control the quality of the data. We know where the data comes from in terms of the GPS points and these kinds of things. A quick feedback that I already mentioned is really important, especially when you work with seeds, right you don't want to miss a whole cycle for example because you're just you're still analyzing the data. Next please. So this is how it looks like in practice a very small fields we've worked with this many crops and also with consumption testing. So what you see in the right down corner. The lower corner is sweet potato testing in Uganda, people testing different varieties but the actual products. Next please. This is a little example of what what you could do with this approach. This is from Nicaragua we work with more than 800. So 800 plots, about 300 farmers who generated data so we have GPS points on the left, we can then collect connected with climate data soil data etc and then on the right which you see is the kind of location Pacific variety recommendations that we then can generate from this also gives feedback to breeders who can take much better decisions about what farmers need etc. Next please. In conclusion, what does it do it streamlines on farm testing and trials with digital tools. We can involve farmers but without overloading them they do very small tasks each but it kind of adds up. So here external validity and more insight in in genotype environment interaction so the space as place specific recommendations. It's not very difficult to do. And it also gives us scope to involve different different organizations and doing it so different NGOs social enterprises, because it's easy and kind of scalable to do it. So we're also working on kind of new what we call business models. And so we configuring and scaling this also in a in a different way than it used to be done. Next slide please. Are you going to the end. Yes, this is the last slide just a overview of like the what we've done so far. So it's growing so we've created this software so people are now using it we're supporting people to to use it more and more. And I think that's the final slide, not mistaken. Thank you very much. Thank you, Jacob, really exciting and those numbers really beginning to add up now. So let us move to the last of these sort of highlight presentations and Christian and Palasana who's the country director for digital green in India is going to tell us a bit about what he's doing and answer some of the questions that are coming in the q&a live over the Christian you've got five minutes. Thank you so much. Digital green is our mission is to leverage the power of technology and the power of partnership to improve resilient sustainable productivity and income of small holder farmers. Next slide please. We are a not for profit located in our headquartered in San Francisco. We are working in East Africa and South Asia. We have reached out to close to 3 million farmers and it's going there by day. We have trained 41,000 frontline extension workers of the government and various studies have shown that our approach has primarily helped in adoption, increase the adoption rate by 43% improve the yield on an average by about 23% across various commodities. And most important, some of those extension work that we do has reduced the cost of extension by close to eight times. Next slide please. The three principles that we apply and it's very important number one is that we listen very close to the farmers. So whatever we do, though we do use technology, it is for the farmers and we typically co design it with farmers. The second is that we don't create parallel systems, we work with the governments on ground because they are the ones who are going to be there to provide support, and they are the one who is going to scale up initiatives. And third, we collect data, we have data of nearly 3 million farmers and we listen to that with data very carefully, and I will talk about that is a bit more later on. Next slide please. Yeah, there are three transformation initiatives and I will just focus on the first and third. The first one is the targeted digital advisories to inspire sustainable farm practice. The, you know, we know that the adoption of the ecology and sustainable farm practices needs a behavior change in motivation among farmers, and we have come up with this video based extension service that improves the efficiency and effectiveness of extension system. And this is typically by farmers with farmers and for farmers. That is what is this advisory services all about the second we have got a number of products and services that we offer to farmers. The third one, we are also revisioning data itself, how the data is being looked at at this point of time and can we actually transform the way data is being looked up through a farmer centric angle. Next slide please. The digital advisory service we typically produce we means that the community produce videos, they demonstrate those videos, it is the knowledge that we gain from the field itself, the community decides what videos, or what are those issues that they want to talk about through these videos, and instead of, you know, pamphlets leaflets and word of mouth these videos are shown in the community through people projectors, and this is, and this has helped significant scale from starting from about 1000 farmers about eight years ago, and we are reaching out to nearly 3 million farmers as of now. So close to 5000 videos are available in YouTube library and we have 67 million views as of now, as I speak to you right now, and we have also come out with the complete training package in virtual facility and more than 4000 frontline workers are as of now enrolled in those virtual facilities, and this is one part of it and this targeted advisories helps farmers to understand what needs to be done, how it needs to be done, and it's almost like you know carrying a demonstration farm to their homes through those videos. Next slide please. A number of products that I mentioned about this and Eric is under enterprise kd dashboard and marvy system. All these are direct to farmer oriented where farmers can use these for various applications. This is something that we are initiated right now it's called farmstack. Now, simply put we know that many institution many agencies collect data, everyone seems to be collecting data from farmers government onwards private institutions, but the farmers doesn't even know that the biggest asset that they own is their own data, right. And unfortunately, these data sets, which is owned by different organization that they're very particular about the ownership aspect, they don't speak to each other. So we were thinking about if these data sets can find a way to speak to each other, without losing the sovereign sovereignty or the control or the security aspects, we can actually provide value added service and support to the farmers farmers. So we had a use case couple of years ago we continued it for two or three other use cases, we were able to successfully integrate or bring together the weather data by a weather company, the soil data that is available with the farmer's profile that we were having to send out targeted advisories to farmers in case of potato farming in case of cashew nuts from et cetera, and it became a what we call as a blockbuster initiative in digital green. And then we further studied it and found that what we need is a protocol a strong protocol that will help these independent data sets to speak to each other. So farmstack is an open source community governed protocol, in which we have set that protocol and we are offering that peer to peer connectors at the organizational level, this farmstack helps them to create usage policies, the data owners can decide what to be shared with whom to be shared and how long it to be shared, they can come up with those usage policies, and then we help them to come up with this peer to peer data connectors. And we will not even see that data what is being exchanged, it's all between those data owners, and the most important part of it is related to farmers right now. How do we come out with a constant manager for farmers, and ensure that the farmers are not only owning that data that they're having they're controlling that data and they're giving consent to that data, and they're also able to discover what is that particular data being provided to them, and what is the value at that they will get because of this by sharing this data. So this is farmstack and we are we have a number of use cases till now. We are excited about its possibilities, and we are rolling out in a big way in the days to come. Next slide please. Are you closing up now. Right. So for example, this is one, you know, you know, we do quality certification through a tech service provider, the quality service certification is provided by the government and this data collection around quality helps us to send advisories customized advisories to farmers, and also it helps to into the market opportunities. But while all this were done, the farmers were being treated as simply mere recipients of the service. And once what funds that does right now is it builds a consent mechanism into that farmer is going to own that data into the data wallet, and they will decide who to share this data, when to share this data and for what purpose they want to share this data, that is farmstack. Next slide. Thank you so much. Okay, thank you Chris that's again a huge lot of different aspects that are really exciting ways of interacting. The video teed up for the next contribution, which is a critique of big data. Chris was already answering some of the issues that are going to come up. So I'm expecting the video to start at any moment. Yeah, thanks a lot for the invite and we apologize for not being able to participate in person as we need to be very brief I'll start right off with our presentation. In the first step I will attempt to assess the digitization of agriculture from rather critical stands and especially shed light on the role of what is called the platform economy. And I will then argue for why we need alternative that is open source technologies and commitment to data sovereignty in the agricultural sector. Yeah, first of all, that's well known many previously analog fields and farms are currently undergoing digital updates. The census robot stones big data analysis and artificial intelligence are being employed for the purpose of precision farming in order to increase the overall efficiency of agriculture and optimize the use of fertilizers and pesticides and the fields. And this is also possible by Google X. And whether many positive aspects to this development. And there's also another way of more problematic side to it, namely that the more network the farms and fields, the more dominant a production model common to us from our everyday life, the so called platform and bringing this into account, the greater the influence of big tech. As Nick Cernick has argued, the platform economy is the dominant economy of the digital present. It relies on a logic that has been developed and cultivated especially by the leading tech companies of our age Google Apple Facebook, and Amazon Microsoft As such, a digital platform can be about be defined as an intermediate infrastructure of exchange a kind of quasi market upon which products or service can be traded or conveyed in the same way as information and data. In this regard, many companies work in the field of precision agriculture have developed tools and apps that operate on platform economic principles. In other words, they can, they rely on data extraction data analysis and algorithm modeling, as well as platform economic structures and services established by big tech. As one example, the app farmwhip is designed as a knowledge platform using location weather data for field reports and AI for image recognition. It's aim is to automatically count the quantity of grown fruits for yield calculation, or to digitally identify plants that have been infected by pests and other diseases. Yet the app relies on a fairly powerful superior platform economic infrastructure, which enables the database to be set up and process in the first place Google Cloud, which alongside Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure is one of the largest clouds cloud platforms in this room. FarmWhip is thus a tool which is fundamentally based on the services of Google Cloud and other products of the company. And for example, from we've recently experimented with the variable Google Glass to leverage AI and vision compute capabilities to inspect animals in their environment. Another app that can hardly run without the essential infrastructure of Google is Cottonace by the Indian Badwani Institute for AI. And Google supports this app through a $2 million grant and its cloud services, which are used to help small farmers to identify the extent of pests or to predict disease trajectories. In addition, this app offers a network of experts that can provide immediate advice. Cottonace also serves as an information platform with the objective of reaching 2 million farmers by 2021. These examples illustrate a larger trend in smart farming, Google, Amazon and the like positioning themselves more and more as so called meter platforms providing essential infrastructure and expanding their influence in the agricultural sector as well. And so doing the companies integrate smaller platforms, rent out their services and structures and thus accumulate more and more data on farmer behaviors, production methods and knowledge. The benefit is not only a constant inflow of profitable data but also the emergence of a systemic dependency. As Christopher Meitz describes it and I quote, in order to actually receive the advantages and the very promised by precision equipment you means a farmer must simultaneously share exquisitely specific data about your farm operations data your labor generated for free. As a result, new services such as FarmWave or Cottonace as well as the farmers themselves can hardly use methods of precision agriculture without joining the ecosystem offered by meter platforms using their cloud services and even handing their personal data to them. On this ground, it is not difficult to predict a successful formation of monopoly power in the future, a formation in which a few corporations act less as producers than as hegemonic or as proprietary markets. As such, using hardware, software and server infrastructures, they could form an overarching ecosystem that operates as a wallet garden with several log in effects. This concentration of power is problematic, not least because the marketplace owned by a single company enables that company to set standards, define codes of conduct, control the barriers to market entry, and that is why it can more or less dictate who will be able to act. On that market when in under what conditions, and I will now expand on this aspect. Thank you very much. So in our view it is likely that the collection of data will lead to an even greater competitive advantage that will further strengthen monopoly power and what is also likely is that it will enable the creation of proprietary forms of knowledge which is an equally problematic point. Just to give you a brief example in this regard, based on the incoming data from its cloud service and AI image recognition services, Google will first know everything about the behavior of farmers and segment will also know which pesticide is needed to what extent and plus we'll be able to diagnose specific tests and diseases based on the extent of the data, and this much needed knowledge will be private and accessible only to those who are willing to pay for it. And in addition, this knowledge can then be used by big tech to develop their own services and products, or even be sold to agricultural insurance companies who might of course have an interest in assessing individual risk profiles. So the questions we should ask them are first whether such knowledge resulting from what Shoshana with terms data extractivism should lie in the hands of a few tech monopolies and second which forms of epistemic dependency might follow from this. And it is also vital to think about justice related issues of course and ask for instance, really benefit from the services in the end. There are issues that are at stake that can only briefly mentioned, including privacy issues, the ecological implications of expanded digitized infrastructures, problems relating to the automation of physical and mental labor algorithmic biases. And so on in recent years, it has become increasingly clear that as soon as Gaffa managed to implement their own data infrastructure on a global scale the hard it is to regulate them. And moreover the difficult it will be to develop alternative infrastructures that go beyond proprietary markets and the common framework of data extractivism so regulation of course is an equally important issue. It is no coincidence that Gaffa has established cooperative relationships with states and institutions alike and it has done so much to their own benefit. In the health and education sectors on the context of so-called smart cities, the public infrastructures often provided by tech monopolists, the data that is generated is usually privatized. So here more effective regulation, and a much more critical stance toward the tech sector and its narratives will be needed. And that also holds of course for the increasingly digital agricultural sector and agricultural policy. So to conclude then data and by that I specifically mean big data is not reducible to a neutral and a priori positive and natural process or development. Rather as Melvin Kranzberg pointed out decades ago technology is neither bad nor good nor is it neutral. And in this regard data and platforms are especially in the age of surveillance capitalism or platform capitalism, inextricably tied to commercial sectors, the dynamics and consequences of which need to be taken into account when discussing the expansion of the digital transformation into new realms that holds of course as well for agriculture and food production. So in our view it is probable that so-called big tech, specifically including leading tech monopolies such as Google, aka Alphabet, Felix pointed to it, will use opportunities such as smart farming to extend their own power and create related dependencies. And we've also observed how government have expanded what we call infrastructure power that is a form of power that circumvents political deliberation or regulation with the aim of establishing a new universal standard or a new norm. And Shoshana has referred to what she calls institutional facts as the outcome of new practices of data extractivism that are implemented when no effective instruments or regulation are available. As political scientist with Davies describes the logic of platformization in relation to government I quote, the ultimate objective of internet companies is to provide the infrastructure through which humans encounter the world. We want to be somewhere else, we click on Uber and when we simply want something Amazon will make it arrive, end of quote. One could follow this rather dystopian outlook and proclaim with regard to the digitization of agriculture. When a farmer wants to work effectively in the future he or she might need to work with Google Cloud services with Amazon Web Services and so on. So in short, he or she will depend on a monopolized tech infrastructure to be able to compete at all. With a bunch of new digital products in the realm of agriculture advertised trolling a narrative of empowerment and a language of sharing of commonality of transparency and democracy. Our focus should instead be on critically assessing the potential reproduction of inequalities hierarchies and forms of injustice in the sector. So last but not least and this is my last point in order to democratically benefit from the digitization of agriculture we need data alternatives. And by that I mean we need open source technologies and a fundamental commitment to collective data sovereignty, when only data but also forms of knowledge generated by data are accessible without any restriction. And on that note, I thank you very much and again sorry that we were unable to attend this meeting in person, but we are more than happy to respond to any questions or comments from your side. Thank you for your email addresses so be free to reach out. Thank you very much. So that that's a very challenging perspective for us and a number of things we need to keep in mind. I'd now like to ask you to Betty from IRD to try to sum up a little bit what the key issues other come from both the highlights and that critique. You have five minutes. Thank you very much for giving me this opportunity. So this last presentation actually rises the very issues that agricultural approaches for point criticized the concentration of power in the food sector, the control over knowledge generated by farmers. This has increased also the tendency of producers on on few technologies. But this data extraction approach which has been really advanced, been advancing in the recently due to more use of mobile phones and increase precision farming approach digitization is has been expanded and also risk to expand further in the future. But even in addition to this more to this data extraction through this more modern solution, even like traditional classical research approach has actually been in a bit data extraction approach involves considering bringing this knowledge back to the end users. And that is actually that earth of what agroecology, what to change. So to address this existing power dynamics, which has led farmers in increase dependency on your technologies, which has also reduced citizens and choices for their food and also reduce their inclusion in decision making and the food systems. This also has limited resources for researchers to work on alternative farming approaches to conventional farming. So citizen science can have can be actually used in a different way as we saw during these presentations. In some cases, it is just a crowdsourcing approach where citizens are just sensors and sending data and they volunteer in computing the data that they that they gather in their, in their local context. In some situation, they are already included in the basic interpretation of this data, and they're also are included in thinking on this on this data. There are then more inclusive inclusive approaches to citizens and science where when you have more parts battery science when the citizens or the farmers are participating in the problem definition and data collection. Or when we go more in the collaborative science and then farmers and citizens are really included in the problem definition in data collection and in the analysis. The technology actually promote those more inclusive forms of citizens and science so parts battery science and even more like collaborative science, where there is a mutual learning and and core sharing of knowledge, and where scientific knowledge and traditional and an intimate understanding of ecosystem are actually brought together to tackle the tangled issues related to agriculture to environment to nutrition and to climate. We know that agriculture is knowledge intensive and that's require specific data to to local context, and to be able to code design relevant and adaptive solution for those local context, and that kind of require a lot of resources so citizen science collaborative and inclusive science can be really a way to approach this knowledge intensive aspect of our ecology. And as we know also some issues like climate issues are cannot be resolved. We need a global perspective while actually depending on local data, and also many other natural and ecological processes they actually also require this approach, having the global perspective, but also relying on this local, local data. So that is how actually this citizen citizen science, which is not only being a data extraction approach but really being inclusive and collaborative can actually allow us to address the multiple issues that and tangled and unpredictable also issues which are related to agriculture to environment to nutrition and climate. So I just want to conclude that this citizen science can indeed be can support and can be necessary for agriculture, but only when more decentralized approach is taken. So the data which is collected is transformed and used as a public tool for knowledge sharing and knowledge generating. Fantastic you did that you've got a lot of key points in there and crystallize things really well. Now we're running 10 minutes late. I hope that a lot of you can stay on because it's now getting interactive. And we're doing a little bit of citizen science. And I'm handing over now to Mika born from shared, who is going to take us through a little bit of interactive participation. Thank you so much for this and as you've mentioned we've heard a rapid view through through different options and a critique so now we would really like to hear some feedback. Many of you are probably very familiar with Slido, but if you are not, please go to Slido.com. And then where it asked for the code at the top you put in million voices. The other alternative is to use the QR code that you can now see on the screen. So I'll just give you a moment to get to Slido.com. And then I'm going to launch the first poll. So coming back to what Fergus outlined at the beginning of the session. There's different elements of citizen science, but in your view, what is most important. Is doing the science and collecting the data, or all that citizens concerns and needs are being considered by the science. And I can see results coming in. So we have a rising number, feeling that citizens doing the science and collecting the data is critical. And now, almost being overtaken by citizens concerns and needs being considered by scientists. So very quiet, really quite even so we're going to give it a few moments to see which one will take over. It looks like citizens that concerns and needs being considered by the scientists is slightly in the lead. So now we're going to run to the next question. This is a word cloud. So just put in one or two question responses or words in response to the question. What aspects of agroecology, do you think citizen science can address. So just one word or two words, and it can be very broad so that the different elements of agroecology. So citizen science will be very helpful in addressing. And we can see quite a variety coming in around co creation power inequality co creation, obviously getting a number of different views, but a really wide number of topics with with this idea of co creation in the So we want to give people a few more moment soil and diversity, also very key topics for agroecology and the role of citizen science, just giving a few more moments for other ideas to come in. And it's wonderful to see co creation at the at the center, as well as having these other topics and elements around that. So soil complexity diversity and co creation. And I'm going to rush us through a little bit because we are running out of time and we don't want to take you past the hour too much. So just giving a few more moments for other additions. Agroforestry coming in now policy power inequality. Wonderful. I'm now launching the very last question and this is quite open ended so we can leave this one running as we pass back to Fergus to wrap up. And we've seen this also in the chat and the Q&A. But what are some of the challenges and opportunities you see with citizen science we've heard a critique of the big data. We've seen some different options. I've seen some comments in the chat around the accessibility, the data, the network access, and we can see ideas coming in here you can write a long sentence or a short one. Ideas around making it incentivize for people to share data accessibility is coming up both of access to input the data and also to see the results. Those that are non tech savvy, the inclusiveness and the ownership. And we can see a really useful amount of information coming in now. I would really like to use these comments these suggestions also what has come up in the Q&A to really inform the direction the priorities of this initiative as it moves forward the million voices initiative. And so I'm going to stop sharing my screen but please continue adding into this question as I pass back to Fergus to sum up and thank you all very much for your contributions. Thank you so much Mika you did that in a rapid time, so we're just actually on the hour at five. And what I want to stress at this point is that at the moment we've got an 18 month timeframe so this is just the beginning. But it's quite important that in a side event at UNFSS, we've actually started this engagement. So trying to get bottom up so that we have that pattern of the principle of working bottom up and top down at the same time to try to meet global objectives in locally relevant ways. So what we envisage happening after this is a series of more focused events at national and regional levels, where we'll explore in a little bit more detail what questions we can answer and address, not just at the farming aspects of agroecology but also at the consumption side and everything that makes up the food system. So I'd really like to thank everybody for taking part I think we had over 130 people online at the peak. Over 20 questions. We will make sure all the questions are answered one way or another. Please look out for further communication, continue to be involved, use the resources that will be available on the web take part in the discussions on the TPP website where we'll be able to interact with this initiative as it develops. And we can see that digital green are already reaching 3 million farmers. So it shouldn't be that difficult for us to be tackling citizen science issues with at least a million voices within the 18 month period that we set ourselves to get moving and to deliver some results from this initiative. So with that, I'd like to thank you all, and close this event. Thank you.