 Myself, Dr. Yogesh Bhardwaj, I'm junior resident in the department of radio diagnosis and imaging at Command Hospital Lucknow. My topic for today is anomalies in pregnancy and what role ultrasound and MRI plays in detecting the fetal anomalies. Ultrasound is a primary imaging model for fetal imaging and during antinatal period. And in this study, we did a detailed fetal anatomical evaluation at the time of 12 to 34 weeks, depending on the patient is coming at what gestational age. Ultrasound is a radiation free imaging modality and widely available cost effective. And it is comfortable to both the patient and the operator. But ultrasound has some limitations like it has small field of vision, limited soft tissue contrast, suboptimal image quality due to oligo hydraminoids or in case of overweight or obese ladies. In such cases, we have some role of MRI and MRI plays complementary part of ultrasound for evaluation of pregnancy related complications. However, in early gestation due to small size of the fetus, MRI has limited value. In this study, our aim was to correlate the antinatal ultrasound and MRI findings with each other. And correlating the antinatal ultrasound MRI findings post-natal, post-abortal examination of newborn or fetus. This study was conducted at Command Hospital Lucknow. And in this study, 41 pregnant females between 12 to 34 weeks of gestation, who were detected or suspected to have fetal anomaly on grayscale ultrasound were enrolled. And out of these 41 pregnant females, 21, 28 were between 12 to 20 weeks of gestation and the rest were between 21 to 34 weeks of gestation. And details of fetal anomaly scan in second ultrasound was done to visualize fetal head, the orbits, lip, neck, cardiac, genital urinary tract, umbilical cord and substance, spine and all four limbs. And the targeted ultrasound was done case-to-case basis. And those 41 pregnant females having suspicion or detection of fetal anomaly underwent MRI scan within two days of completion of ultrasound study. And the majority of these females were in below 30 years of age, but around one third of the females were between 30 to 40 years of age. And during the study, we found that the CNS abnormalities were our most commonly detected abnormalities followed by the variety of CNS abnormalities was seen during the study like peremal formations, N-capuloseal, number of cases of dysgenesis of corpus callosum or spinal dysrephagia were seen. And this is the case of occipital N-capuloseal which was detected on ultrasound and confirmed on the MRI scan. Second most common abnormalities were duty related. And most common was the bilateral hydronepulosis. One rare case of malaria and duct abnormality was also seen. And in the ultrasound image, the red arrows showing the dilated uterus and the green arrow is showing dilated vagina. The uterus was separated by a organic septum and dividing the uterus into two parts. And because of dilated uterus and vagina, there was compression of both urethas and causing bilateral gross hydronepulosis. The ultrasound findings were confirmed by MRI imaging. There were thorax abnormalities, musculoskeletal abnormalities and other miscellaneous abnormalities. If we consider the abnormalities system wise, then we can see the most commonly detected abnormalities are CNS abnormalities forming 54% of the total detected abnormalities followed by genital urinary tract abnormalities. The role of ultrasound can never be undervalued despite multiple advancement in the field of radiology over the past few decades. Ultrasound provides real-time imaging in evaluation of fetal cardiac and dynamic imaging of fetal movements and breathing. And multiple studies have been done which suggests that whenever there is doubt of fetal anomaly, the MRI can be done. MRI is also a choice whenever diagnosis on ultrasound is inconclusive. MRI helps in removal of limitations like poor visualization of fetal parts and obede patient in oligohydramine or polyhydramine. So MRI also helps in evaluating in such patients. It has been found that MRI is most useful if we are suspecting CNS abnormalities. And in a non-CNS abnormality, MRI has limited role. MRI can help in better characterizing the fetal CNS abnormalities and better than USG even in third trimester. Other anomalies which can be detected in MRI are congenital pulmonary herobromoalphor, meson congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Multiple studies have shown that CNS abnormalities are most common followed by the abnormal abnormalities. And in the present study also CNS related abnormalities were maximum in number forming the 54% of the total abnormality followed by genetic abnormalities for a second musculoskeletal abnormalities. And in this study, we have compared that diagnosis made on ultrasound with the diagnosis of MRI and we have concluded that ultrasound was able to detect all the abnormalities. But MRI was able to confirm the anomaly and provided additional details in some cases and hence provided more confidence to the gynecologist to decide the fate of the pregnancy. And under this study, we can conclude that ultrasound with color Doppler is a well-accepted and primary imaging of modality for anomaly scan and throughout the pregnancy. And the role of the MRI is to confirm or explore or further define or further provide additional details of the anomaly detected on ultrasound. And both of these imaging modalities are complementary to each other in reaching a final diagnosis and management of the pregnancy.