 Hi, I'm Sam. I'm a PhD student working with the NZAVS and I'm talking about some research that I did earlier this year with Chris Sibley and some researchers from the University of Kent. So we were looking at the relationship between narcissism and self-esteem. So these are two quite related concepts. If we think about someone who is a narcissist and someone who has high self-esteem they're both going to have a really positive view of themselves. They're both going to be quite sociable and outgoing and they'll both be good leaders. However, the self-esteem is a really realistic view of yourself, whereas narcissism is unrealistic and it's quite over the top. So because it's so over the top it needs more support. So narcissistic people tend to feel superior to others, perhaps put them down and they need a lot of praise to keep that unrealistic self-view going. So probably a lot of us know someone who we could describe as a narcissist but what we don't necessarily know is whether or not people act like that, act really superior because they genuinely really really like themselves that much or is it because they're trying to cover up some kind of deep insecurity. So we're using a new technique in this area called latent profile analysis. So some research suggests that there can be narcissists who do have high self-esteem and at the same time there could be narcissists who have low self-esteem. So using this technique we can explore all the different groups and find all the different combinations of people with a high self-esteem, low narcissism and so on. So we found five different groups. The most interesting group was about 9% of the sample and these people had really high levels of psychological entitlement which was our measure of narcissism and they also had high levels of self-esteem and interestingly we didn't find a group of narcissists with low self-esteem. So while some previous research suggests that they should both be there, we found that all narcissists really do like themselves. We analyzed data from the NZABS. We used the time one sample from 2009 and we had over 6,000 participants. We also found a group in the sample who had high self-esteem but no narcissism and this was the largest group in the sample. So this shows that the majority of the people in our sample, about 40%, had a really healthy positive view of themselves but weren't likely to treat other people poorly. And we also found a group that had very low self-esteem and very low entitlement. Only about 2% of the population but this indicated that they had a really negative view of themselves and this could be a group that is at risk of mental illness or psychological distress. So quite an important group. So the NZABS sample is really representative of the population. So when we say 9% of people are narcissists or 40% of people have really healthy well-being, we can say the same thing about the New Zealand population as a whole. So in New Zealand about 1 in 10 of people could be called the narcissist. This research answers a really fundamental question about the relationship between self-esteem and narcissism using a new technique that hasn't been used before in the international research. There's been a lot of talk about narcissism and entitlement recently, especially with the advent of social media, the generation me or millennials growing up. And what we can see is in New Zealand less than 1 in 10 of people show any signs of entitlement at all. So while it could be increasing over time, at this point we're not really concerned about narcissism levels in New Zealand. So the next really big question is, is narcissism getting worse over time? And we're really excited to use the next ways of the NZABS to track this across the years. A big thank you to all our participants who take part in the NZABS because it lets us answer these really important questions. And so what we're looking for in our future research is to see whether that 9% of narcissists is increasing across the different waves of the NZABS.