 Hello Linus! Today we will discuss about the first unit of your second course from MA Education that is Psychological Foundation of Education and the unit number one is Educational Psychology. So today we will discuss about this topic and we have divided this topic into two parts. First we will discuss the first part. I am Dr. Arsena Adhikari from Department of Education of Pistak Antohandic State of an University. So in the first discussion of the first part, we will discuss about the meaning of psychology and the branches of psychology. So you have come across the word psychology and I think you all are curious about to know what is psychology? What is educational psychology? So first of all, we have to know about the basic root of psychology, the term. The term or the word psychology has the root in philosophy. As you all know that philosophy is the mother of all social science. So as is, the psychology is also rooted in philosophy. Ethnologically, the word has been derived from two Greek words. The first word is psyche, the meaning of which is soul. And thus another word that is logos, which means rational course or science. So from the definition or from the etymological meaning, we can say that psychology is the science of soul. But the definition is not accepted because we cannot see the soul. Yes, we can feel the soul, but we cannot see the soul. That's why the definition is rejected. Then psychologists have made study on the particular topic and they have found that psychology is the science of mind. But here too, this definition is not accepted because the nature of mind is also controversial. Yes, we can see or we can say that we are thinking about the mind. But what is mind? We cannot see the mind. Just we can feel the mind. So this definition of psychology as a science of mind is also rejected. Then comes the definition of psychology as a science of consciousness. Yes, we know that sometime we are in a conscious mood, in sometime we are in an unconscious mood. But that is not too appropriate. So psychology as a science of consciousness is also rejected. And as such finally one definition has emerged and that is psychology as a science of behavior. So psychology first of all was considered as a science of soul. Then psychology as a science of mind. Then psychology as a consciousness. So all these three definition was rejected because of the controversial concept about soul, mind and consciousness. And finally after so many study and discussion psychology was considered as a science of behavior. And this is widely accepted because behavior here includes the mental, physical, normal, abnormal as well as behavior of child as well as adult. As well as animal and male. So we can say that psychology is the science of behavior which includes all kind of behavior that may be of a animal, that may be of a person. Or it may be a behavior of a normal person or of a abnormal person. So as a whole it is a study of the behavior. And when we make study about the behavior it implies the psychology. So last means there is one psychologist, famous psychologist. He was William McDougall. He was the first person to describe psychology as a science of behavior. Now we have to discuss about the process of behavior. As our topic concentrate on educational psychology that's why we have to know about the different process of psychology. So first of all you all must know that psychology is classified into two important categories. First is pure psychology and second one is applied psychology. So what is pure psychology? Pure psychology is the study about the framework or the on the basis of the study whatever theory and principles are emerged. All these come under the scope of pure psychology. So we can say that it provides the framework and theory of the subject and this with the formulation of psychological principle. Now the second important category of psychology is applied psychology. So what is applied psychology? The name itself gives us the meaning as it is about application. So whatever psychological principles are derived and developed from the pure psychology. These principles are applied in the different practices like practices. So that's why it is known as applied psychology. So we can say that it discusses the application of psychological rules, principles with reference to real life practices. So these are the two important processes or categories of psychology. Now these two categories are again sub-categorized. Means there are some sub-categories under these two important processes. So first of all we will discuss about the sub-process under the pure psychology. So the first sub-category under pure psychology is general psychology. It is the process of psychology which generally studies about or deal with the theories, principles and all these things in relation to the behavior. Then abnormal psychology. Abnormal psychology is that process of psychology which studies about the behavior of the abnormal person. We know that in our society, in our family, we can see lots of abnormal behavior among the people who surrounds us. So what are the causes why they behave like that? Does this process of psychology studies about that? Then social psychology. As we know that we live in a society and with a society we cannot live. So in the society we have to make some social contact, social relationship. So this process of psychology studies about the inter-relationship among and between the people, how they behave, what are the social dynamics, likes, dislikes of people and all about the social norms and behavior. Then the next sub-category of pure psychology is experimental psychology. So as the name indicates experiment, it is the process of psychology which studies the behavior of a particular subject. It may be an animal or any subject in a controlled environment like in a laboratory. Then physiological psychology. Physiological psychology is that process of psychology which studies about the biological aspect of individual or any living being. Then we have the parapsychology. It is one kind of psychology who describes about the extra sensory perception of people or sometimes we talk about the revert that people are revert again in the wall and they can remind their past life. So this kind of behavior are discussed and studies under the scope of parapsychology. Then we have the another most important kind of psychology that is developmental psychology. This process of psychology studies about the different changes that occurs in the different stages of human life. We know that a child's child turns to an adult through some different stages of life like infancy, childhood, adolescence and then adulthood. So the changes that are occurred in the individual being during this or throughout the stages all are discussed under the scope of developmental psychology. And I want to state here that this kind of psychology or this branch is categorized again into three important part and they are discussed as child psychology, Adolescence psychology and adult psychology. In the second chapter of this course we will discuss about this developmental psychology. So these are the important subtypes or subcategories of pure psychology. Now we will discuss about the subcategories of applied psychology. So the first one is educational psychology which is the topic of your past unit. So it is basically simply we can say that it is the application of the psychological principles and theories in the field of teaching, learning or education. Then clinical psychology means the application of the psychological principle to know about some clinical method or to know about the causes of some behavior of people in a particular situation. Then industrial psychology means it studies about the or it deals with the behavior of the people in a particular industry. Then legal psychology means it applies the or it deals with the application of psychological principle in legal situation. Means law related matters are discussed or studies under this category. Then then the another one is military psychology. So in this branch or through this branch the psychologist tries to know about the behavior of the military and how they behave in the particular field. Then the political psychology it implies about the studying of the behavior of the political leader and how they talk and how they how they perceive in the political category or political situation. So these are the important branches of psychology on the pure and applied and in the next part of this discussion we will concentrate on the important part of psychology that is educational psychology. So today I am going to finish this discussion with this and hope to meet you in the next class. Thank you.