 Hello friends, today my topic 1 process on this is on Facebook, the vital tool in determining the inclination of maxilla, orientation of the maxilla towards the plane located by two Kondela rods on the posterior as the posterior front points and Kondela heads on as the posterior front points and inforbitant foromen as the anterior reference point and transferring this same relationship to the articulator. And this is the definition given by the Bowsher and this is another definition given by the Hartfeld, that is the relationship of maxilla to the, Facebook is a caliper like device used to record the relationship of maxilla to the temporal marble archer. This is the actual definition given by the GPT-8, this is the most important definition, that is Facebook is the caliper like instrument used to record the spatial relationship of maxilla to some inactivity components points in the cranium and then transfer this relationship to the articulator to also orient the dental cast in the same relationship to the opening ends of the articulator. This is the important definition and actually Facebook is invented by George B. Snow, prototype for the modern Facebook is invented by George B. Snow. And these are actually the parts of the Facebook. First one is the U-shaped frame, then it is the Kondela rods for earpiece, then the wide four, then the locking device and then comes the third point, third reference point. And this can be either an ACM related assembly or orbital point of view. This differs in different types of face force. And this is actually the U-shaped frame, this is the U-shaped frame. It forms the main frame of the Facebook. All other components are attached to this frame. This stands from TMJ on, it attached from TMJ on one side of the face to the temporal angular joint on the opposite side of the face. Actually this horizontal rod should be three to five millimeter in front of the front end plane of the face in order to avoid contact with the face. And this is the Kondela rods. This is two metallic rods on either side of the free end of the U-shaped frame. And the contact is skinned over the temporal angular joint. These are the two Kondela rods later. Some face force and earpiece attached to this part and which is attached to the external rotary neatus, face force. The Kondela rods are attached to the kondela or the skin of the man. And this is the pipe core. And this is the U-shaped plate which is attached to the ocrusal ring, well according to the old industrial relation. It is attached by means of a stem. This is the U-shaped plate and it is attached to the ocrusal ring. And this is the rod which is called a stem which attaches to the U-shaped frame. This pipe core to the U-shaped frame. And this is the locking device. This is the locking device. This part of face force has to fix the pipe core to the U-shaped frame firmly after recording the original relation. Actually this is the locking device. There are three locking devices in earpiece type of face force. One is to lock the byte force to the U-shaped frame. Another locking device is for locking the Kondela rods here. And another one is for locking the rotary pin. It is somewhat around here. There are three locking devices in the earpiece type of face force. And then comes the third reference point. Then comes the third reference point. It is used to orient the face force as simply to the anatomical reference point on the face along with the two Kondela reference point. It varies in different face force. Example the orbit pointer and nosepiece in the nascent relator as simply. This is the third reference point is actually an ear reference point. It along with the two posterior reference point forms the plate. And it varies from face force to face force. In the witness type of face force, it is the nascent at the nascent grade at the nascent relator simply. But in earpiece type of face force, it is the improbable notch to which the orbital point of pin points. That is face force is classified into arbitrary face force and kinematic face force. Arbitrary face force is again divided into fascia type face force and earpiece type of face force. And it is also divided in the reference to the third point of reference. That is with an nascent relator or with the orbital integral. This is the arbitrary face force. The hinge axis is approximately located in this type of, the hinge axis is approximately located in this type of face force is commonly used for complete danger construction. Excuse me. It is commonly used for complete danger construction. This type of face force generally located through hinge axis within a range of fire mark. That is, from the name itself, we can say that it is only approximately located or arbitrarily located in hinge axis is used for complete danger construction. And this type of face force generally located through hinge axis within a range of fire. And this is the definition. It is a device used to relate the maxillary cast to the pondelar elements of the articulator using average and atomic landmarks to estimate the position of transverse horizontal axis on the face. That is the maxillary relationship of the maxillary to the anatomic reference points of the skull, which is transferred as the pondelar elements of the articulator using average and atomic landmarks to estimate the position of the transverse horizontal axis. That is the hinge axis on the face. The position of the hinge axis is actually recorded arbitrarily using this space probe. It is also called as average axis space probe. This uses arbitrary or approximate points on the face as the posterior points and the pondelar rods are positioned on this points. The arbitrary points on the face or approximately approximate points of the face are located in the fascia type of face probe. These are the posterior reference points and it is located on the pondelar over the skin of the PNJ. The pondelar rods are positioned here. As the located hinge axis is arbitrary, the occlusal discrepancies may be produced in the hinges which can be directed by minor occlusal adjustment during the insertion of the denture. This is the fascia type of face probe. This is the fascia type of face probe and it utilizes the approximate points on the skin or the temporal medibular joint as opposed to the reference points and the points are located by measuring certain anatomic landmarks on the face. That is, this is the U-shaped frame. This is the locking device. This is the pipe fork with the plate which connects to the oclusal ring and the stem is here. This is the locking device again. In this type of face probe, there is fascia type of face probe. The center of the pondelar rotation is arbitrarily marked at 18 mm and heated to the middle of the tragus of the ear on the cathodragon line. That is, the center of the pondelar rotation is arbitrarily marked at 18 mm and heated to the middle of the tragus of the ear on the cathodragon line. This is the cathodragon line from the outer canvass of the eye to the middle of the tragus of the ear. On this line, at the 13 mm and heated to the ear, the point is marked orbit-free. The pondelar nodes of the face probe are placed on this point in the fascia type of face probe. The main disadvantage is that as the face is placed on the skin, which is movable, there is tendency for the pondelar rods to get displaced. Pondelar rods may get displaced in some occasions and it also requires an assistant to hold the face probe in place. Then comes the ear piece type of face probe. It uses the ear piece type of face probe. It uses the external auditory meiasis as an arbitrary reference point, which is aligned with the ear pieces similar to those of the cestopoeia. External auditory meiasis is taken as the arbitrary posterior reference point and the ear pieces are arranged like that of the cestopoeia on to this reference point. Accurate relationship for the most gives accurate relationship of the cast to the injectors on most of the diagnostic and administrative procedures. The main advantage is that it is very simple to use and it does not require measurements on the face and it does not move with the movement of the skin. It is accurate as other face probes. It provides an average anatomical dimension between the external auditory meiasis and the horizontal axis of the mandible. The relationship between external auditory meiasis and the horizontal axis of the mandible is established. And the disadvantage is sometimes the because of starbitre position is chosen and error of 0.2 millimeter from the axis can be expected. When coupled with the use of a thick inter-reclosable core made at an increased vertical dimension, that is when the bipolar is incorporated with the inter-reclosable core made at an increased vertical dimension, it can lead to some considerable necrosis. This is also disadvantage. And it is another type of ERP type of spring ball. Now let us discuss about different types of face balls. It is a type of ERP space ball, spring ball. It is a type of ERP space ball which is made up of spring steel and simple springs which open and closes to various hand widths. Most commonly used space ball. This is one of the most commonly used space balls. It is also called as hand-out space ball. It is made up of simple spring steel and it can be deferred according to the various head widths. This instrument is designed to orient the occlusal plane to the Frankfurt horizontal plane by means of a third of its form. The occlusal plane can be measured in terms with the Frankfurt horizontal plane. The Frankfurt horizontal plane is a plane which passes through the two orions on the both sides of the head and skull and the orbital. This is a boron orbital plane. It is also called as an eye-ear plane or eye-ear plane. The disadvantage is that one piece of the one piece design of the bow eliminates moving parts and vanishing problems encountered with other models is very easy and efficient to use and the parts are stabilizable and both the director and indirect mounting capability. These are the advantages of spring ball. The disadvantage advantage is the inability to measure the intercontinental distance. It cannot be measured as the case of public fitness space ball. It is also another type of base ball. It allows maxillary arcs to be transferred to the articulator without physically attaching base ball to the articulator. So base ball need not be attached to the articulator. Otherwise, even without attaching base ball, the maxillary arcs can be transferred to the articulator. It also relates maxillary arcs to the FH flight. Another type of earpiece type of piece which is slide and active base ball. It is used with the dinar articulator. It has an electronic device that gives reading denoting one half of the intercontinental distance. This gives an electronic device and which denotes a reading which gives one half of the intercontinental distance. It can be measured by means of slide and active base ball. Next is the fitness space ball. This is also another type of earpiece space ball. The specialties is that it has a built-in indexes locator. That means it automatically locates the indexes when earpieces are placed in the piston rotor in earpiece. Injects can be located automatically. And it has a nascent as seen on the lateral assembly with a plastic nose piece. This is the specialty of this type of fitness space ball. This advanced type of base ball. And then comes the kinematic base ball. It is also called as indexes or action value base ball. It is used to determine and locate the exact indexes points. It is determined that the indexes of the mandible can be determined by a clutch. That is segmented in pressure trial-like device which is attached to the mandible of beef. That is kinematic base ball here to fabricate the clutch and which is attached to the mandible of beef and by means of suitable material such as impression compound. Definition. And phase ball with kinematic base ball is a phase ball with adjustable caliper ends which is used to locate the transverse horizontal axis of the mandible. It locates the transverse horizontal axis of the mandible. It locates two or XS center of quantelar rotation of transverse horizontal axis. It is usually preferred for full mouth reconstructions. And it is usually used with fully adjustable articulators. And here it is almost similar to the patient type of base ball because the quantelar rods of the kinematic base ball are placed onto the skin over the PMJ over the quantelar heads. And some graph are placed on the skin and the points are recorded on the graph by which the true center of quantelar rotation is measured. It is indicated. It is indicated when it is critical to precisely produce the exact opening and closing moment of the patient to the articulator. Here the closing and opening moment should be restricted within 12 mm. Otherwise translation occurs. Pure rotation occurs only after 12 degree of opening of closing. And it is up to 21 mm millimeter of intrinsic opening or 12 degree of opening and closing of the mouth. The drawback is that this gives extensive chair side type and extensive is fairly indicated for routine articulators with claustrophobic procedures. Plain of order indication. Plain of orientation, this is here to understand this process. As I said, the max area task in the articulator is the base line from which all rules of relationship starts. So therefore it should be positioned in the space by identifying three points. These three points means the two posterior points and one anterior point. The two posterior points of the maxillae and one point located anterior to it. The posterior points are reversed to its posterior reference points and the anterior point is referred to as anterior reference points. This patient, playing, formed by joining these anterior and posterior reference points is called as the plane of orientation. This is the plane of orientation. This one anterior reference point and two posterior reference points. These three points join to form a plane of orientation to which the base of the maxillae is related. Prior to aligning the face bone to the face, posterior reference points and the anterior reference points must be located and marked. This is very important. And the posterior reference points. Some of the posterior points can be discussed. The position of the terminal hinge axis on either side of the face is taken as the posterior reference points. The terminal hinge axis position on either side of the face is taken as the posterior reference point. One thing is that One thing is the Bayron's point. This is 13 millimeter and even to the posterior margin of the tragus of the year. This is the posterior margin of the tragus of the year, actually this one, and 13 millimeter and even to it. Actually this comes to this point on a line from the center of the tragus to the corner of the eye. This is the candle tragel line. This is the candle tragel line. This is 13 mm from the posterior margin of the tragus of the year, or the candle tragel line. This is the Bayron's point. And the best strong point, the best strong point that is 10 mm and even to the center of the spherical instead of the external load to be mediators. This is external load to be mediators and it is 10 mm and even to the external load to be mediators and 7 mm below the Frankfurt horizontal plate. So two planes. The two landmarks are 10 mm from ideal to the external load to be mediators and 7 mm below the Frankfurt horizontal plate. Again Frankfurt horizontal plate passes through the Orion and the orbit. And this is the best strong point is found to be the most frequently closest to the hinge axis. To be the most frequently closest to the hinge axis. And Bayron's point is the next most accurate posterior point of reference. So these are the main two posterior points of reference. Another one is Gysi. Gysi's point of reference is Gysi. This is 13 mm in front of the most upper part of the external load to be mediators only line passing to the outer canvas of the eye. This is external in front of the external load to be mediators, 13 mm on the most upper part of the external load to be mediators and 7 mm below the line passing through the outer canvas of the eye. This method was proposed by Gysi and Gylmer and this is the most commonly used point to place this point. And then comes the importance of ideal reference point. Ideal point of triangle. A triangular spatial plane. Which plane in the head will become the plane of reference when the process is fabricated. And this along with the posterior reference points gives the orientation for which plane of the head will become the plane of reference for which the process is fabricated. When these three points are used, the position can be repeated. That is one of the significance. Is that when these three points, two posterior and anti-preference point are used, this position can be repeated. And it is helpful in visualizing the ideal teeth and their occlusion in the articulator. According to this frame of reference, when fabricating the processes. Next is orbital. This is one of the ideal point of reference. Different ideal point of reference can be now discussed. One is the orbital. In the skull, orbital is the lowest point of intra-orbital foramen. Orbital is the lowest point on the intra-orbital drill. It can be manipulated on the patient to overline the tissue on the skin. And one orbital and the two posterior reference points will determine the horizontal axis of rotation. And it will define the axis orbital plane. And the axis orbital plane, that is two posterior reference points and this orbital, when used as a plane, it is called as axis orbital plane. This is the axis orbital plane. This one is the Frankfurt horizontal plane. This one is the Frankfurt horizontal plane. It is also passed through the thorion and through the orbital. And this is the orbital axis orbital plane. This also passes through the orbital, but it is below the Frankfurt horizontal plane. This axis orbital plane. And another reference point is the nasion minus 23 L. The nasion is the deepest part of the midline depression. It is just below the eyebrows. It is at the center of the frontal region of the skull. It is a midline depression and it is just below the eyebrows. It is done by Sikkar. And nasion grade or posterior position of the face bone fits into this depression. The nasion grade fits into this depression. It does this depression. And it is used along with the midline circulator. The nasion grade can be moved in and out, but cannot be moved up and down and permits a test. The cross bar. The u-shaped frame, the cross bar of the u-shaped frame is located 23 millimeter below the point of the nasion pointer. This is the picture. Sometimes this is the nasion. We can see the depression. This is the depression. And it is between the two eyebrows. This is the nasion. And below this 23 and below this nasion grade is the horizontal contella road of the u-shaped frame. This is the nasion grade. And 23 millimeter below is the cross bar of the u-shaped frame. Cross bar of the u-shaped frame. We hear this cross bar of the u-shaped frame is taken as the nasion pointer. In the face position, the cross bar would be the approximate region at the orbit. And again this cross bar is approximately to the orbit in the previously described nasion grade. And this face bar is the actual reference point. And here is the cross bar. And here is the cross bar. This cross bar is 23 millimeter from the nasion grade down. And it is almost in line with the orbit. The orbit of the patient will be around this end. This serves as the anterior point of reference. Then one is the a la of the nose. A la of the nose is marked on rough and light a la of the nose. It is marked on the patient. And the anterior reference point of the face bar is set. And this a la of the nose of the reference. This method uses the canvas plane instead of the fan purpose plane for the plane of orbit. And the canvas plane is the a la of the reference line. From the tragus of the ear to the a la of the nose. This canvas plane here it is taken as the plane of orbit. This is the canvas line. This is the canvas line a la of nose to the tragus of the ear. A la tragus line. This also called as a tragus line of canvas line and this is of crucible plane. This is of crucible plane should be line of the canvas line. Then the orbital is here, it is minus 7 mm, it comes down to this plane almost parallel to the Frankfurt horizontal plane. Then another point of propellant system for determining linear superior from the lower part of the upper plane. This plane is representative of the dinar reference plane and dinar phase zone uses this reference point. This 4-dimensional material is superior to the lower part of the upper plane and phase zone transfer. And different type of phase zone that can be utilized with Hanoi articulator. Hanoi articulator is a fully adjustable articulator and different types of phase zone can be used as a fascia type of phase zone, arbitrary type of phase zone, both are arbitrary phase zone. Another type of phase zone such as tulbos, spring zone and kinematic phase zone, also these tulbos can be used with the Hanoi articulator. The phase zone that can be used with the Wittmix articulator of Fifthmount ERP phase zone and the kinematic phase zone. And phase zone that can be used with the dinar articulator of fascia type and ERP type of phase zone. And this is the attachment of the compression compound to the white part here. This shows the mounting of the phase zone on the patient. And the compression compound is attached to the white part and it is positioned over the ancillary teeth. So the white part with the stem. This is the white part and this is the stem. It is positioned over the ancillary teeth. It is removed from the mouth when it is pulled and the denation of the teeth are found here. It is used in the fabrication of fixed partial dentures. And the record base is well adapted. Here the record base is well adapted. Well adapted the record base on to the open nursing normal. And with white part in the position, phase zone is graded on to the stem of the white part. And here the white part with the phase zone is placed on the patient's mouth. And it is graded on to the patient's mouth. And the ERP's assembly, the ERP's into the extended ERP's is graded on to the extended artery near to the openings on both sides. Here the board says into the extended artery near to the ears. The ERP's is made into placed in space. The orbital pointer is positioned. Here the orbital pointer. So the pointer is positioned as a relation to the anterior reference point. That's the interorbital nodes for the orbital decay. The transcruse are tightened. Here the transcruse is locked in device. It's tightened. The transcruse is tightened. And the patient relationship between the base bone and the white part. Here the alignment is checked. Parallelism. Alignment is parallelism. Of the Fondella rods, white part and the orbital pointer. Three winds are checked. Parallelism are checked. The base bone assembly along with the white part is removed from the mouth and positioned on the artery. And this is the clinical procedure. That is the maxillary of the luciferum is inserted into the patient's mouth and wandered a point to 30 millimeter from the tragus of the ear or the tandoor trident line is marked on the patient's face. And the white part is then featured and attached to the anterior maxillary of luciferum. Three mm above the incisal plane and parallel to the incisal plane. The face of luciferum. The attached white part is inserted into the patient's mouth. Then the U-shaped frame with the locket device is attached to the U-shaped frame. After the white part and the luciferum is placed on the patient's mouth, the U-shaped frame, the locket device is attached to the stem of the bipolar. And the contella rods are unlocked and the contella heads are placed on the right-hand left side of the patient's face. On the previously marked points on the patient's face. Then the third point of reference for the infra-orbital nodes is palpated. This is our and the orbital pointer pin of the face bone is placed. And this is the anterior pointer preference. So the two posterior pointer preference and the anterior pointer preference are marked and the pointer orbital pointer is located to the anterior pointer preference and the contella rods are placed at the positive point of reference. And the contella rod readings are then equalized on both sides and the locking screws are tightened. Also the locking screw of the orbital pointer is also tightened. And once the sender apparatus has shown in the figure previously, once the sender apparatus is in position, the three things, the contella rods, orbital pointer pin and the bifurc are verified for attainment, movement and barrelism. Then the mandibular obluciferate may be used. Then mandibular obluciferate may be used to stabilize the maxillary grain. The phase 4 is then securely removed from the patient by loosening only the contella spools. That is from the posterior reference points the screws are loosened and the phase 4 opod is removed. And this comes from the phase 4 transfer and then it is transferred to the articulator. Then comes the zeroing of the articulator. The incisal gate pin is adjusted to correct the jaw suppression. Incisal gate pin is adjusted to the correct jaw suppression and the anterior stop screws are tightened first. Here the articulator is the Hanoff articulator and similar to the mean value articulator, there is a incisal gate pin on the sender and it tends to be adjusted to correct jaw suppression and it has to be tightened by using an anterior stop screw. Then a horizontal contella inclination. With the Hanoff phase 4 we can set the horizontal contella inclination using a lock net and it is set approximately at the 14 degree and on the top of the Hanoff articulator we can adjust the venet angle to be 20 degree. And this is actually followed after the propulsive reports are taken from the patient in case of complete danger patients. And the phase 4 modulator here we have to notice the following points that is contella rods are attached to the auditory pin. The contella rods of the phase 4 are attached to the auditory pin of the articulator and bite fork of the phase 4 is supported using a tilt bar, tilt support bar. The orbital pin of the phase 4 is in orientation with the orbit lags plane indicator in the articulator. The incisal pin is made at 0 on calibration and the incisal gate table has to be set horizontally. Then the plaster mix. Then plaster mix of the upper member of the articulator is shown more often. The plaster is poured onto the maxillary cast and the upper member is closed as the incisal pin touches the, fully touches the incisal gate table and the plaster is allowed to set. This is this way the articulation of the maxillary cast to the incisal pin is transferred to the armpit. And then comes the kinematic method of locating the incisals. Now here we discussed about the arbitrary phase 4 occult, then phase 4 transfer. Now we are talking about the kinematic method of locating incisals. Here there is first the fabrication of the clutch has to be made. Then attachment of the clutch to the lower pin. The clutch is somewhere this this is the clutch and the clutch is attached to the lower pin. Then assembled the incisal locator. The incisal locator is then assembled and attached to the attached side amps of the incisal locator, the closed bar in the mounting column. And this is the incisal locator. The side amps of the incisal locator is attached to the mounting column. Attached to this entire assembly of the incisal locator is attached to the stem of the clutch strip. This entire assembly of incisal locator, the mounting column is attached to the stem of the clutch. This is the stem of the clutch strip. And then this entire assembly is attached to the stem. And then mark the approximate center of the pondail on the subject space. Then on the subject space, the approximate center of pondail rotation. Pondail rotation approximately is marked on the patient's face around here, somewhere around here. And then adjust the hinge access locator accordingly and paste a graph paper to trace the opening and closing moments of the patient's opening and closing moments. And the exact location of the pondailer in pondailer rotation. Center of the pondailer rotation is then marked in this graphic paper. And the graph paper in the location of the hinge access point is the stem. This is the clutch. This is the clutch with the stem by application of clutch with the stem. And this is attached to the patient. And this is the hinge access locator. It is attached to the clutch. And the graph paper is based on the patient's face here. And using this hinge access locator marks the point when the patient opens and closes the mouth. And the exact location of the center of pondailer rotation is marked. And the true hinge access is measured. And the indications of phase point. The phase point is indicated in when balanced occlusion is desired. And for the fabrication of balanced complete danger. And another indication of phase point is when the vertical dimension is subjected to change. So I hope you understood the concept of phase point. Next time we will be continuing with another topic.