 Okey, mari kita mulakan lagi. Pertama-tama, kita akan mempunyai pengalaman dengan banyak pengalaman di IP, kopi, dan sebagainya. Dia akan bercakap tentang apa yang akan berlaku jika kita telah melakukan apa yang Aaron telah melakukan di konteks Singapura, tentu saja. Jadi, mari kita beritahu dia. Terima kasih banyak kerana menjemput saya. Terima kasih kerana menjemput saya. Saya rasa itu adalah pengalaman yang sangat bagus. Saya rasa ia sangat menghubungi dengan banyak kita. Terima kasih banyak kerana menjemput saya. Dan kita dapat melihatnya bersama-sama, tetapi kami memilih untuk bersama-sama. Jadi ia bercakap tentang komuniti di sini. Sekarang, apa yang saya akan bercakap tentang adalah apa yang akan berlaku jika kita cuba melakukan apa yang Aaron telah melakukan di Singapura. Dan tentu saja, kamu sudah fikir, itu bukan idea yang baik. Tapi jika kamu ingin mengubah idea untuk mengubah society di Singapura, kenapa sesiapa yang ingin melakukan itu sejak kita tinggalkan society utopi yang sempurna? Jadi, jika kamu ingin mengubah idea itu, saya hanya ingin beritahu kamu apa yang perlu diperlihatkan. Kerana... perkara yang diperlihatkan adalah kamu ingin tahu apa yang perlu diperlihatkan. Mereka adalah pembunuh berat dan idea itu bukan untuk mengubah pembunuh berat, jika kamu ingin mengubah pembunuh berat, ia selalu adalah idea yang baik. Tapi untuk tahu bahawa pembunuh berat itu di sana. Jadi, saya akan... jika kamu tidak dengar saya pada pembunuh, jangan risau. Ketika kamu masih berfungsi dengan baik. Maksud saya, ini tidak menarik. Untuk menikmati semua orang di Google Hangout, dan seperti yang saya katakan tadi, jika kamu di Google Hangout dan kamu tidak dengar saya, tolong berat. Okey. Baiklah. Dengan pembunuh saya, ia adalah pembunuh pembunuh berat. Ya, Cik May. Kamu boleh tolong saya melakukan perkara yang sangat penting. Ia adalah untuk mencari. Terima kasih. Jadi... kamu dapat mencari ini pada pembunuh saya. Okey, jadi... kerana Cik May minta saya bercakap tentang pembunuh berat. Dan kemudian saya... sebenarnya, ia bukan pembunuh berat. Pembunuh berat adalah pembunuh berat. Tapi saya rasa kamu ingin tahu apa tentang pembunuh berat. Jadi, apa tentang pembunuh berat? Yang sebenarnya adalah pembunuh berat yang mencari pembunuh berat. Jadi, kita akan bercakap tentang apa pembunuh berat? Apa pembunuh berat? Terutamanya... sejauh ini, apabila pembunuh berat adalah Pembunuh berat... adalah pembunuh berat... tidak dapat mengambil pembunuh berat... dan membunuh berat tanpa warna. Jadi, itu adalah pembunuh berat Pembunuh berat. Tetapi, apa yang akan terjadi di Singapura? Terima kasih. Okey, dan yang terakhir. Bagaimana kita memungkinkan apa yang berlaku? Jadi, mari kita ke bawah. Jadi, mempunyai... dengan jauh-jauh, saya akan beritahu apa pembunuh berat... dalam dua minit. Pembunuh berat yang ditutupkan... tentu-tentu menggunakan bahagian art, drama dan pembunuh berat. Dan pembunuh berat... pembunuh berat bahagian, walaupun ramai orang kita tidak kira-kira memikirkan bahagian. Saya minta maaf. Pembunuh berat bahagian, informasi, tetapi walaupun anda tidak kira-kira memikirkan bahagian, dalam senjata tradisional, mereka ditutupkan oleh pembunuh berat. Dan apa yang pembunuh berat membuat anda membuat pembunuh berat? Wow! Apa yang saya fikirkan? Pembunuh berat membuat pembunuh berat tanpa pembunuh berat. Jadi, jika... anda pendapat akademik, dan anda menulis artik, anda membeli pembunuh berat. Di artik itu. Okey, jadi anda fikir. Untuk kemudian, siapa yang membeli pembunuh berat? Anda mungkin menulis artik tentang pembunuh berat, pembunuh berat, dan anda membeli pembunuh berat, tetapi anda tidak dapat membekan dalam jenis, kerana anda tidak membeli jenis. Anda tidak membeli pembunuh berat, dan anda membeli pembunuh berat untuk penerbangan, dan membeli dan membeli ke universiti. Dan itu di mana pembunuh berat, dan pada kemudian, anda membeli pembunuh berat maksud saya, pembunuh berat dalam artikel itu. Dan untuk banyak tahun, ia telah dipercayai kerana jika anda menulis artik, anda tidak membeli pembunuh berat ke semua pembunuh berat, dan anda tidak membeli pembunuh berat ke dalam jenis. Jadi, Sekarang, ketika pembunuh berat, anda membeli pembunuh berat dalam jenis. Dan ini juga bekerja di Singapura. Jadi anda mempunyai pembunuh berat yang membeli pembunuh berat. Sekarang, pembunuh berat, ia tidak benar-benar dipercayai dalam jenis, tetapi patut pembunuh berat untuk membeli pembunuh berat, kerana jika anda melihat jenis yang membeli pembunuh berat dengan pembunuh berat. M.I.T. tidak mahu mempunyai apa-apa. Jadi, apabila jenis membeli pembunuh berat, yaitu jenis menghargai menyerang orang yang membeli pembunuh berat. Mungkin masalah. Tetapi, ketika jenis membeli pembunuh berat canggih-centih berat. Sebenarnya, ia adalah kesan seru. Dalam kesan seru, jika anda berpunggung jenis Pembunuh berat, dan dalam kontaks Singapura, jenis universiti, s capitalism, anda hanya harus membeli pembunuh berat. Mungkin, ia adalah banyak pembunuh berat. It's just money, you know? But if the police take action, then you go to jail. And jail is much more serious than paying money. So could the police take action in Singapore? Potensially yes, although in Singapore context it rarely happens. Because usually in the Singapore context, it's the right holder who will be basically getting a private prosecution. They'll get the permission from the Attorney General and they will drive the prosecution. And that's been very effectively used by the BSA, by all the major copyright holders in Singapore. It's a very effective method of enforcing copyright by the right holder doing it. So we rarely see the police on their own take out an IP method. But they do have the right because on the statutes if you violate in a very large number and we talk about taking about 2 million documents, 2 million documents is usually considered a large number. So you could potentially be committing a crime. Okay, so is there a law but aside from that, let's say in Singapore the rights holder chose not to take action and the police decided if the rights holder is not going to do it, we won't do it, which could happen. There's another problem, the law against assessing data without authority. And we have a Computer Misuse and Cyber Security Act. This Computer Misuse and Cyber Security Act is very similar in ways to the intention of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act which was talked about. And what it does is that it criminalizes certain actions. The most important one is section 3, unauthorized access. And you want to know what's the meaning of unauthorized? It's defined in section 2. Access is if you alter or erase, copy or move, oops, I see that the thing which I put noted as C would definitely be what happened here. If you went in and you made copies, you got the hard drive, hooked up a laptop and you copied data, that would be access. Even if you cause it to be output on the display, that's access. All these are either or, you don't have to do all. If you use it, it's considered access. So clearly there would be access. Now the thing is that access alone is not a crime. Otherwise, all of us would be arrested immediately. We do this everyday. What is a crime is unauthorized access, which is the next slide. Unauthorized is if you are not yourself entitled to control access of the kind in question. And so do you normally have access to this? Do you normally have authority to access this? Or you don't have access of the kind in question. So if you had an account, imagine now you have an account to a publisher and you have access to articles. Do you normally have access to 2 million downloads? That's where the gray area is going to be. It's meant to catch situations like the next slide. But you ask yourself, can a system administrator in a company read employees' emails? And the answer is yes and no. Because if the company authorizes the system administrator, yes, he can. We're privileged and specified. So you're saying that there's a set of privileges which some are granted and some aren't granted. Where are the set of privileges that are specified? Authority. You mean the authority? In this case. It doesn't mean that much to employees if that's not my contract, right? And I am a server. What's happening if you're doing that? If you are the employee or you are the system administrator? If you're an employee who is incidental, it doesn't happen. All system administrators are usually employees unless they're contractors. So if you're a system administrator, then if you're authorized and we look back, what's the meaning of unauthorized access to control access of the client? Which would be usually the employer who's the server. Then under Singapore law, the employer would be able to authorize the system to read all the emails. Do I need to send a mail asking for is it authorization every time I write a new shell command? No. Then how is that any different from find, bar, mail, hike, cap? Ya, but the thing is that the system admin can. The system admin has the right. Okay. Ya, the system admin has the right. Cool. So it's okay. If you're a system admin, do you have the right to read the email of the hot news secretary because you want to find out where she's going and you want to stalk her? Okay. You have the right not to incriminate yourself when you answer this question. So that becomes the question mark. Okay. What is your purpose? Okay, so it's not a simple answer in the law. And so there will be issues. Okay, so next one is there's a case where this actual case, Song Yiqiao, he got people to he met people in chat rooms and said could you please give me your password? I think I'm simplifying it a bit. So he then uses her password to chat with her friends online and to make indecent proposals. And he was arrested for unauthorized success and convicted. He was. Ya, he was. It's a fact. I'm just saying it's a fact. I'm not saying whether it's right or wrong. I'm saying it's a fact. So in the violence case where he actually got into somebody else's server used an open port to get to IRC. He also installed a backdoor on SCV now known as Starhub's FTP server and use FTP so that the SCP server so he can access the high speed network without paying. He also was charged with unauthorized access and also convicted. So this law has been used and subsequent conviction. What were the sentences? What were the sentences? Next one. Typical sentences. First time up to 10K prison 3 years. Second time up to 20K prison 5 years. And these were sentences for that? Yes. Top of my head, it's probably something little less than that but not far less. Under the criminal law. Singapore dollars. Exchange rate now is I don't know. So we go back the thing is that in the violence case each of these was a separate offence. So you can be added up. So we go back to the offence. First time could have been potentially if you want the exact numbers we can check up to it my actual records. But you can chalk up a few offences. And if it's a connected computer which is basically a government control computer or a financial services computer or a hospital computer the fine goes up to 100K prison goes up to 20K. If you break into 2 hospital computers or you break into 1 hospital, 1 government you can go up to 20 plus 20. You go into 1 bank, 1 hospital, 1 government 20 plus 20 plus 20. See what I mean? Okay. Security depends Next. Police. Communication infrastructure bank or services. Does the punishment depend on whether you just broken in or what you did after breaking in or what you land and what you break in? The actual sentencing will depend at the time if they're 20 years from breaking into a computer there's the punishment in case access to the computer The pure fact alone of getting access into a computer basically gets you in the door. Whether you are this is not the door that they want to get into they will get you into court. After that, whether you are sentenced we haven't decided whether you will be found guilty yet even. But if you get sentenced it will depend on many factors. You have to show your attention what happened if you accidentally go in were you in there at a white hat you were actually helping them to discover security flaws. So those are the things which will come into play when you talk about sentencing and the next is that that's the potential Is there any case where white hat hacker white hat hacker cases to mind based on the research I have and if they are not prosecuted you don't get reported the law only reports conviction cases or not cases that are dropped because if they are dropped then you don't go to court nothing to reward. Good question what can police do when investigating a case? Well just to let you know under criminal procedure court they can search and seize your computer I should have added in one more thing I didn't realise that it's broken to they can speak to your relatives your family if you are living with somebody else they can go and search but you can see the computer they can break encryption they can demand passwords or demand description failure to help is obstruction obstruction can lead to prison this is very this is really a doubt you can even be required to provide real time information okay so this is all specified in the criminal procedure court like I said I'm not saying that any of this is right or wrong I'm saying that that's the way it is is there okay so here's the problem and in a if a criminal case happens the fact is that it is not the prosecution's how to take care of the welfare of the accused that's just the way the system is in a society in a prosecution the prosecutors job is to get the conviction if they believe that the person should be convicted sorry sorry I almost stuck on the previous slide is that free an arrest warrant under arrest if they're thanks to the new amendment for cyber security if the minister is convinced that there is a threat to national security he can then order any person to assist in investigation which then says that part of the powers may include and this was just passed last year or the year before we noticed right and we all went to black out our websites for SOPA and this happened in our own backyard okay so which relates to the fact that the prosecution is not going to look after any of us if we are arrested it's not their job the investigators are not going to look after our welfare if any of us are arrested that's not their job the only people who can look after us, any of us is us and so the sad thing is that some of the people who interviewed were saying they felt really angry and said that they didn't know there's a legal aid bureau for people who don't have the resources pay for lawyers there's legal aid there are also lawyers who take on the case pro bono which is for the good or without pay the real difficulty is that the world out there and we are in the bubble the world outside our bubble does not know, does not understand what the evidence what's the case is about a couple of people who saw my post that I was coming to this talk so what's the evidence what's the case about I just told it of him and he said oh ya, he's guilty but he should have been arrested that's the public view now if you know anybody outside the bubble try telling them the evidence one story and see what their reaction is they would say oh that's terrible he was victimized no they would say wow, good that the police caught him that's what the world out there think because they don't understand and only we can help basically educate and to help support any of us who is ever in a situation like that there's a marathon there's a community for people who are in depression if we can just also just look up from our screens once in a while and see if the person it said so many people idolize him nobody knew that he was in pain that he could have helped can't blame them you only know these things in hindsight but hopefully if we can reach out and it's great that there's a community here if anybody is in trouble to reach out and help so if it happens to you or somebody you know I can only say please get help legal help emotional support because if you saw all the stuff the law in Singapore could it happen to you hell yeah okay so i say the good thing is that thank goodness for the folks here who put stuff like this together i'm really thankful this is really good because it shows that at least you care enough to be here and hopefully you care enough next speaker would be he's been introduced to me actually as a Singaporean internet boy bullshit i didn't do slides but i suck at memorizing so i'm going to read computer off my screen like a loser is that okay? i will hello internet hello world i can actually say hello world and address the world isn't that cool ever done that so you know i was like Ben? okay so Ben was just talking about what copyright allows and i think a more important question is the extent to which copyright serves its intended purpose copyright developed separately in America and the United Kingdom through a shared goal to promote the useful scientists to get people who you know were the musicians and the authors to continue making books and publishing scores and they did this by conferring a set of rights to this precisely they said they were the only people who could publish them unless they passed those rights onto other people when technology developed to a point to which compositions could be recorded and distribute music directly composers and music publishers imagine their continued distribution just like printing things off rather than selling compositions which destroy innovation and music so rather than musicians being paid for their compositions and oh i get a microphone that's awesome hello world okay i did it properly that time okay so they figured because instead of selling printed music they were selling recordings of this music and this would quench innovation in the development of music and so they called for a ban they said to their legislators okay so we're artists copyright is designed in such a way to promote artistic pursuit and we're not getting any money from publishing your little vinyl records or prints or whatever and instead of the legislative alternative they said okay so every time you print a record you have to pay a fixed fee right to the musicians so you know for one they get incentivized to continue doing good work and on the other hand you know by virtue of the medium artists get to get their workout to more and more people which sort of suits their purposes the more recent ability for individuals rather than corporations to reproduce and distribute work at no cost hasn't been met with similar legislation you know even though it brings more reach to artists you know instead you've got like nations crippling their economies through trade agreements defending the maintenance of mechanisms that are based on shitty economics that are inapplicable to their subject and are harmful to free expression but copyright is a hard debate and you know we've gone over this it's irrelevant so i'm going to talk a bit more about erin instead and what erin did so erin most dressably diverge from your archetypical hacker in his commitment to ethics so you know we have our portrait of jay random hacker who learns to read at 3 spends her childhood in front of her computer at some point looks up from her CRT display and everything is covered in cascading green digits maybe she waits so long as to graduate from college but not soon after she's traded her graduation gown for a robin wizard hat and operate it down to the valley to convince her friends to buy more to see more ads erin did all that approximately erin does all that he hits jackpot and then he breaks a script he decided i don't want this i want to use my magical powers for good and you know he tries he wins some one of the functions of that film was to motivate the hackers in this room guys like Thomas and signing and jimei over there to do the same to abandon your role playing job and big house and large automobile to leverage your technical confidence for the greater good of humanity i love that song in um the unlikely case it provided you momentum for doing so and i want to warn you that this is a terrible idea or more precisely to communicate i don't know how an act to an act change reliably or to change legislation reliably and anyway i can imagine trying these two getting hurt a lot let's say you're rightly dissatisfied with intellectual property law you're unhappy living in a society in which it holds and in wta member states there's an international baseline for this and if you commit to a policy makers which will lobby for a moment and start a global change but how do we do that one way through resistance through civil disobedience this is when you say i think this law is unjust and unfair and so i'm not going to follow it anymore this is what i think Aaron is doing that never a closet i think this is fundamentally effective or at least it's ineffective when you're the weakest of the involved parties throughout history property disputes have always been solved through military means so you say give me your wallet and this guy says no and then this guy beat this guy with a club and he takes his wallet right or if not that it's deference based on assumed military capability give me your wallet no give me your wallet or i'll hit you with this club okay have my wallet the eventual codification of law doesn't provide exception to this they reduce the number of disputes producing uncertainty there's general consensus that state has the most military power and will reliably employ against any who violated the full set give me your wallet no give me your wallet or i'll hit you with this club if you hit me with this club the law will put you away for 30 years okay you can keep your wallet when Aaron writes or at least signs his name to the gorilla open access manifesto and declares there is no justice in following unjust laws we need to download scientific journals and upload them to file sharing networks and start to act on them what he's saying is individually i think we're more powerful than the state law is nothing without power and so i'll make my own the resulting violence is predictable if the state doesn't respond with hurt it's recognized as selectively enforcing its own property rights and the resulting uncertainty about what it'll allow just redirects us to our earlier condition perpetual violence the same is true of strikes and at least in Singapore it's true of public demonstrations without a permit but hey if we're trying to change national law why not stage our protest in other cities you could but i have a deeper criticism protests aren't effective because protests don't do anything you aren't inconveniencing your target the most useful model of protest i've read treats them as a degenerate remnant of strikes strikes actually interfere with the operations of your target and if they don't resolve that conflict admittedly not necessarily through concession to your terms they lose something by contrast there's no cost to ignoring protesters you aren't getting in anyone's way you might be able to communicate your views to your representatives but in a democracy where there are n parties and none of the parties will work for what you want your verbal still be based on other details i suppose migration form is an alternative so you say okay i dislike this policy and so i'm going to leave for a society in which the law doesn't apply rather than changing policy you disappear but i mentioned before the baseline for intellectual party lights are set by international agreement and off the top of my head there is no state outside of the WTO which is practically habitable where to go i like the idea of C7 where you put out these networks of retrofitted vessels and on the vessels they set their own laws on the law you don't submit to any sovereignty that you don't choose to and so we have this cheap prototyping environment policy and there is no more cost for people to migrate from one ship to another and so we have all of these like little start up nations optimizing for customer service in their policy because the more people they get the higher their GDP and in that system there is an actual incentive to change based on express preferences but we don't have that hackers in the audience this would be cool to work on by the way instead of this thing i'm not saying that intellectual property reform isn't a worthy cause copyright law as it stands doesn't solve any of its intended goals it's an archaic monolithic law maintained by entertainment giants to avoid finding a working business model but i'm not sure how any citizen anywhere would go about enacting that reform i don't know how to fix anything maybe you work out a mechanism before you try maybe research history and find out how the sauce just got made before i don't know nearly enough history and i think maybe women suffer i should add that i think this argument only holds for existing legislation when you have new legislation, when you have people trying to submit legislation you have two things in the case in which you're powerful you can enter that discussion and in the case in which you aren't great you have people and people are vulnerable through expression of parenthesis in ways that organizations aren't sofer and pipa killed over when thousands of state representatives got e-mails about why they couldn't access Wikipedia or why they couldn't access Craigslist or Reddit at a personal level that was enough incentive to start taking seriously to seriously start investigating concerns to think they might not be on the right and i think you're likely to have far more luck in that case that's all i have to say for now