 NSAIDs are an important class of drugs used to treat inflammatory conditions such as RA and OA. The evolution of NSAIDs has been traced from classic drug aspirin to selective cox, two inhibitors, with efforts to discover an ultimate magic bullet for treating inflammation continuing. The mechanism of action at the molecular level is cyclooxygenase, cox, inhibition, and recent developments have targeted effective anti-inflammatory agents with reduced side effects. Literature data has been presented on the development of NSAIDs, their mechanism of action, the structural basis for cox inhibition, and recent discoveries. The major chemical classes of selective cox, two inhibitors are also described, along with some recent advances toward developing effective anti-inflammatory agents such as nitric oxide donor and NSAIDs, dual cox slash lox inhibitors, and anti-TNF therapy. Despite tremendous progress in the last decade, designing a safe, effective, and economical therapy for treating inflammatory conditions still presents a major challenge. This article was authored by Praveen Rao and Edward E. Naus. We are article.tv, links in the description below.