 Selamat pagi, selamat pagi, dan selamat datang kembali ke sisi 1.2, yang adalah pengalaman negara. Kamu semua di sana? Bolehkah kamu dengar saya? Semuanya sedia. Ya, saya boleh. Kamu boleh. Ya, sudah di sini. Untuk sisi ini, kita akan mempunyai lima kertas. Ini lebih bercakap tentang pengalaman negara. Pertama-tama, ia akan berlaku pada efek otonado. Tetapi lima kertas yang berlaku akan berlaku pada keadaan, situasi, pengalaman negara, semuanya. Dan akhirnya, pada akhir pukul ini, kita akan mempunyai kertas daripada Dr. Wasana untuk mempunyai pengalaman negara untuk mempunyai pengalaman negara. Jadi, ini adalah kejutan saya sekarang untuk meminta Dr. Chen Banggian, yang adalah daripada kertas China, untuk menjelaskannya pada pengalaman negara di Ternado di Westin Hainan Island, menggunakan pembinaan masa dan pembinaan sentin. Jadi tolonglah, saya hanya boleh meminta pembinaan? Kamu telah menerima 15 minit. Saya akan mempunyai masa untuk mempunyai pembinaan pada akhir pukul ini. Jadi tolonglah, Dr. Chen, kamu bersedia? Ya. Okey, tolonglah. Saya kongsi pembinaan. Okey. Jadi, boleh kamu katakan pembinaan ini? Tidak lagi. Okey. Kita boleh dengar, tapi kita tidak boleh... Tidak lagi. Tidak lagi. Tidak lagi. Boleh kita mulakan? Boleh. Boleh kita mulakan? Tidak lagi. Kamu boleh mulakan sekarang. Okey, okey. Selamat pagi, semua orang. Ya. Pembinaan. Saya sangat gembira untuk berkongsi pembinaan saya. Bleh kamu navi pembinaan itu ? Bagus. Saya akan ärat automatic transsyaja rattung Indonesia. Baik gitu. purityl.ed. Bersia기. Okey. Mereka sebenarnya. Ia bermula dengan nak tawarkan pantas kita. support tekst. Ia berkata sekarang. Ia masih tak dapat melihat. Ia tak boleh dikatakan. Saya akan beritahu sekali lagi sesuatu di atas belakang ini. Ia berkata sekarang. Ah iya, terima kasih banyak. Sekarang kita dapat melihat. Kita dapat melihat bahagian. Kita dapat dengar dengan jelas. Tolong berjalan. Saya akan melihat dari jalan yang ketiga. Saya akan melihat dari jalan yang ketiga. Saya akan melihat dari jalan yang ketiga. Okey? Ya, ya. Kamu cakap ini sekarang? Ya, ya. Okay. Ya. Okay. Inhailan, Aisland, Tifon atau Prima-Prima Disaster. Di atas belakang saya menunjukkan hal. Hele, terima kasih. Aisland, Tifon dan Prima Disaster. Ia berkata menggunakan keadaan di atas belakang. Dan memutuskan data kisah dan keadaan. Dan menggunakan keadaan. Dan menggunakan keadaan. Dan menggunakan keadaan. Di dalam jalan ini, kita ingin menggunakan kisah untuk menunjukkan keadaan keadaan yang terdapat oleh Tolado, menggunakan data So, kenapa kita memilih tolado? Sebab itulah keadaan yang terlalu teruk dengan lancar, dan antara kawasan senter untuk A dan B. Dan keadaan tolado adalah quite similar kepada taifon. Mereka berdua mengalami cepat fizikal keputusan ke luar plantasi. Jadi, kita ingin jawab tiga soalan. Pertama, apabila adalah masa monitor ideal, bagaimana menggunakan gambar tim tim dan apa yang terbaik untuk mengajar monitor. Sekarang, mari kita jumpa ke kedua. Ini adalah area yang kita belajar. Ia diperlukan di Kuala Lumpur di Kuala Lumpur, di kawasan dan Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur adalah area yang terkenal di Kuala Lumpur. Keadaan tinggi di kawasan terbaik di bawah 200 meter di atas kawasan kawasan. Setelah keadaan tolado, kita cepat menghidupkan keadaan fizikal. Di sini ada beberapa gambar mengambil memberi perhatian kita. Kami mengambil gambar tim yang terkenal menggunakan gambar tim yang sangat tinggi untuk mengubah gambar satellite. gambar tinggi di sisi gambar sebelum tolado, gambar terbaik sehingga gambar tersebut gambar tersebut, gambar tersebut yang diberi dengan tolado yang diubah. Kami menggunakan untuk mengajar perhatian, untuk menggunakan data satellite, 1 di 97, 7 dan 8. atau yang lain adalah C2A dan B. C2B telah diluncurkan pada tahun 2017. Selepas telah diluncurkan, imjiknya mempunyai kemampuan, mempunyai kemampuan segera. Kami dapat melihat imjiknya dari tahun 2015 ke 2019. Kami dapat melihat kemampuan kemampuan C2B telah diluncurkan pada tahun 2008 dan 2009. Kami dapat melihat kemampuan kita untuk kemampuan kemampuan kemampuan. Untuk imjiknya, kami mempunyai 3 kemampuan yang penting. Pertama, kemampuan kemampuan, dan kemudian kemampuan kemampuan dan kemudian kemampuan kemampuan. Diperbunyai kemampuan C2B. Ada dua cara yang tradisional. Kita menggunakan ikan kedua untuk memadamkan imjik tidur. Satu adalah sebelum kemampuan. Dan lainnya selepas kemampuan. Lalu, kami dapat kemampuan kemampuan kemampuan dan menggunakan kemampuan bergantian untuk sentiasa chim berusaha and the algorithm and finally create a disaster assessment map. However, in this study we use time-service data. So, we want to know how long that is the time window. We admit the monitor requirement and how to complete the time-service to one and which is the best indicator to identify the disasters. Now, let's turn to the third section. We firstly quickly evaluate the cloud coverage of the study area. You can see a lot of cloud in the study area, in the trouble area. So, we use 10 days as a time step before and after the flood. We evaluate the cloud-free image coverage. It's only about 30 days. The cloud-free image can cover the whole area. And the only peak is about three times. And in 60 days is about six times. And in 90 days is greater than eight times. So, we have a lot of satellite imaging law. Here, we show the indicator and the complete message of different teladu, before the teladu. The left image shows the absolute change before and after the teladu. And the right image shows the percentage of change value of the different indicator before and after the disaster. We have four different composite ways. One is latest, maximum, minimum, and medium. And the other different day length, 30 days, 60 days, and 19 days. We found that the shortwave-influenced band increased after teladu, while the new-influenced band the four-in-vegetation index, NDVI, EVI, SW, and MBR dropped significantly. Among this vegetation index, the value of EVI dropped the most. And the percentage value of SWI dropped the most. And among these different composite ways, the maximum value composite show the largest difference before and after the disaster. Then followed by medium, by the latest composite, showing red. So, why the latest composite message have the maximum value composite show the large difference because the teladu is hidden in the glow-in ceiling. So, the maximum value composite can capture the latest glow-in state of love plantation. Here is the figure shows the different composite way after the teladu. We can say that the different composite way has more difference. The minimum value composite that show in blue has the largest difference, then followed by medium, very composite. Under the EVI and SWI will show the largest difference than the NDVI, which is commonly used in current study in previous study. So, we get two good indicator One is EVI, the other is SWI, and the two different composite way, maximum before the disaster, and the minimum after the disaster or medium when a composite after the disaster. So, we want to know the best time window. So, we use for 10 days as a time step and found that after about 40 days, the difference before and after the disaster, it becomes stable. However, we recommend you to let the image show than 60 days and after the disaster because we have sufficient before and after the disaster. Among this, the maximum value composite show the composite is the best, then is the maximum followed by medium composite, by the ground reference. Here, we show the different composite way. There's a special change. We found that for the medium performance, first, they show koneon root of the polado, but the maximum medium value composite, they have a lot of lower fail, especially for the EVI. The maximum medium have a lot of lower fail. It supports the safety come from the disaster itself. This is the change value. Here, this is the percentage change value. They have a similar pattern like the change value. Among this, we found that the maximum medium value composite show the best performance. They clearly show the root of why the minimum value composite after polado for the EVI is a lot of lower fail because the EVI in the glowing ceiling change greatly than the AISWI. In the AISWI, in the glowing ceiling, almost unchanged. So, AISWI expect for disaster assessment using percentage value. Here, we can show three conclusions. Yes, in the time window, expect to use 60 days before and after the disaster using Landsat 7 and 8 and center to A and B satellite images. Maximum value composite before the disaster and minimum value composite after disaster are recommended. Under the EVI or SWI, percentage value are the best indicators. So, use this to best indicator and composite way. We evaluated the disaster loss of the log plantation. We found that two algorithm create similar results under the town scale. It total damage area of log plantation range from 576 hectare to 712 hectare. Here, this overlap with Google very high resolution satellite images. The glowing pixels are the shield area. While the blue is the EVI algorithm owning and the AISWI is and red is AISWI owning. So, if we want to get very high accuracy result, some manual adjustment is necessary. Now, let's turn to the conclusion. Inclusions in extreme weather and nature disaster under climate change pose huge challenge to log industry. However, remote sensing data bring us a lot of opportunity for disaster assessment. For tornado or typhoon disaster of log plantation, we recommend using 6 days of 9 set, 7 and 8 and sent to A and B images for disaster assessment to save the computation resource and also for the best optimal difference before and after disaster. And the maximum venue composite before the disaster and the medium venue composite after the and we found that EVI and AISWI are the best indicators, much better than currently widely used indicator NDVI. That's all. Thank you. Dr. Chen, i think now we will go to the please. If you have question, please write down. Thank you. Thank you. We move to the second. I can't hear you. If the there are questions. Yeah, thank you very much, Dr. Chen. I think we move to the next paper. This will be presented by Mr. Ash Depak Singh, who is the Estate Manager of Peninsula Forest Management, Sindriyan Berhad, Sin Selengo Malaysia, and he will be speaking on climate change, a plantus experience with disease outbreaks and the challenges to achieve productivity targets. Are you around Mr. Ash Depak? That's good evening, Dr. Thao. Welcome. Okay, so good evening friends. It's 4.45 PM in Malaysia. So i'll be sharing screen. Okay. Okay, screen can be seen. I can see your presentation slides already. Please proceed. So it's a plantus experience with disease outbreaks and the challenges to achieve productivity targets. This is how the estate condition looks like. Okay. The rubber plantation project site is located about 60 km to the north of Kuala Lumpur, 20 km from the north of town of Kuala Kumbu Baru and 10 km from south of Tanjung Malim Peratau. Parking both set of the North Salt Highway. The best success to the area is through the Highway Exit Nambah Bringin Selangong, a semi-abundant township bordering the rubber plantation. Perluami, the plantation has successfully planted 1,530 hectares of rubber plantation from 2009 to 2011. The clones which are currently planted are as such. We have PB350 with the highest planting which is 76 percent. And we have PB260, 13 percent. RRRM20255 percent. RRRM3001 that's also known as One Malaysia 3 percent. And we have RRRM901 3 percent. These clones was planted from 2009 to 2011. We are also in plan to plant another 3,000 hectares of rubber plantation which will be from 2021 to 2025. Rainfall data by year. This is our rainfall data for Lumpur Bringin Selangong. We take our rainfall data using a rain gorge which we have in every single phase. This is very important for our planters actually. Many estates do not do this when they will not capture the rainfall. We will not be able to plan the upcoming year for the years. So if you can see 2017, we have a rainfall of 184 days. For 2018 a rainfall of 186 days. For 2019 is 173 days. From January 2020 to May 2020 is 64 days. If you see the rainfall at this area is quite high. It's about 3,381 mm. It's around 3,000 mm per year. This is how we capture the rainfall per month. So if you can see climate change in Lumpur Bringin Selangong it's not much of a change because the rainfall is standard actually. It's the same for every year except for January. January, there's 14 days of rainfall in 2017. For 2018 is 16 days. For 2019 is 12 days. And for 2020 is 5 days. So this happened, when this happened, the wintering season will be brought forward. You'll be delayed by a month. This is the rainfall chart by a month from January 2017 to May 2020. So if you can see in February, it's about 5 days. January, February. In March, April, it will hit to 20 days. And then it slides back down all the way. This is the rain gauge we use. I wish you can see on your right hand side it's called Nilex. It's a very good device for whoever owns a rubber plantation to capture rain data. Okay, the challenges we face, the challenges we face in estate during rainy season. This is the main challenges. Unable to tap, we lose tapping days. Wash up, unless latex coglum is applied immediately after tapping for fin coglum or known as rubber kaplum in layman's term. Like for my foundation, we do not do latex. We do fin coglum. It's also known as kaplum. Workers tapping without knowledge during rainy season causing brown bus. Brown bus is the second most serious threat to rubber estates after pestilotia from an estates perspective of view. Unable to achieve monthly yield and fail to fulfill yearly targets. Rubber tapping will be done rigorously during dry months to compensate for rainy days. However, this method has been known to cause critical stress to rubber trees and resulting in fast decrease in the trees in latex production or ending up in panel dryness and brown bus. When earning of tapers is low during rainy season, it will lead to workers running away or becoming free birds which will further cause shortage of workers in rubber industry which currently is already a major problem for most of the rubber industries in Malaysia. Shortage of workers is considered the main problem for rubber industry in Malaysia. So how we encounter to make sure that we can have proper productivity to ensure that we tackle this rainy season problem. So like my estate we have we have been using this rain guard is called Easy Guard. It was invented and patented by a company called GameCross. Easy Guard is designed to divert rain water running down a tree tapping panel which prevents the water from touching the tapping panel and keep the panel dry. Example, tapping starts at 3am and there was rain at 9am the day earlier. The temple will be able to tap the tree because the panel is still dry. Rain guard is very common in most of the countries is just that what type of rain guard you use. So basically this is the rain guard we use is called Easy Guard. The cost of material is quite cheap is about 61 cents. The labor for fixing this rain guard is about 45 cents per tree. The break event of cost is two tapping days. It means if you per tree you tap for two tapping days you'll be able to cover the rain guard's cost. Many small holders they do not invest in rain guard where they will lose the tapping days. So the major setback to gain your productivity is to install rain guard. It's very important. So this is how you install the rain guard on small tree. This is how you install the rain guard on a large tree. I'll show you how it works. This is how the rain guard works. This is called Easy Guard. This is called this black bag is called a sealant so known as star in Malaysia. So and you have a stapler so you install it about three to four inches from the tapping at the above. So when rain happens right it will divert the rain for it will not touch the end up. It will be able to tap if it's not heavy downpour. This is how it looks. The main problem in estates after Pesta Lotia is brown bars. I don't know if we have spoken about it yet or if anyone is going to speak about it. Brown bars is also known as panel dryness. Isological disease or tree characterised or drainage brown or drainage brown this colouration of the inner bark near the tapping cut and stoppage in flow of attacks. Tapping panel dryness or known as brown bars plantation practices our plantation practices if we are hit by brown bars we will let the tree rest for six months and try tapping after six months. There are many product throughout the world where claims that brown bars can be healed but not proven so far. So this method for estates is proven after six months we will apply one round of booster dose or 1.25% and also known as actual. This is how we encounter our brown bars. In plantation we start planting with 500 trees per hectare. At the end of year 6 it will left out with about 450. Some dies between disease, termites, root disease and this problem of brown bars is also another another major problem because when you have unskillful tepah and contract tepahs who prioritise the money taken back rather than taking care of a rubber tree the main problem encountered by Malaysian estates is when we stress the tree for higher output we should the lifespan of a rubber tree should be we should be able to tap for 20 years but when we exploit the tree it may only survive for 10 years. It's a major problem for our rubber estates after the start of the year of course so this is an image taken from google source was 2004 from Julian Manuel Baba Gomez samsedar hanza and h gana party this is how the bag like toilet looks like okay this is an actual picture taken from my plantation on the right here you can see is taken of 9 June 2020 i took it myself this tree as already have panel dryness so known as brown bus picture showing brown bus tree which is a brown bus so this is a video i've taken to show you that once we have a cut on rubber tree there will no be there will no be any more the text there at least for six months and this is a major setback for rubber plantation out of 500 trees 50 trees 60 trees is affected by brown bus this is mainly because of unskillful tepas contract tepas and when you stress the tree it means you depth the tree during the raining season or when the panel is wet or you over tap i'll show you the video so this was the video then we have testa lotia of course one of the most hot topic for every rubber plantation in Malaysia my estate we have been hit by testa lotia in july 2019 to october 2019 so we were hit at about 657 hectares the actual hectares the affected area was 267 hectares which is 41% so our yield was affected by 25% due to testa lotia this is a major problem for rubber industry actually so the treatment we have follow Malaysian rubber boss recommendation to how to treat the trees i'll show you what what treatment we use and how we encounter is testa lotia this is recently actually the same location happened in may 2020 up to 14 june 2020 we are still hit by testa lotia we are hit at about 67% but this time the area affected is not much is about 58 hectares so we are in the process of doing the treatment we estimate the yield will fall at about 40% due to testa lotia because the leaf which can be seen on the branches is less than 30% this is how the estate management the estate operation encounter and record down their their data for testa lotia so when they do the treatment which week we were advised to do treatment on a weekly basis by Malaysian rubber boss so we are following their recommendation this is the treatment used by us is called can let he has benmoil 50% the active ingredient so this is the ratio how you spray on the trees for testa lotia this is how the testa lotia affected the rubber estate you can see here the leaf all over the ground like blanket and on this image you can see that there is no much leaves left on the branches this is from 2019 this is recently this is also from 2019 just a short video here to let you see how the leaf form is basically the leaf form is even worse during rainy season or heavy heavy wind so i'll just play a short video for you so we this is how we treat the testa lotia we use mechanical sprayer mechanical sprayer we have a water tank of 2000 liters we will attach sprayer so the tractor and the tractor move around you need 2 people to carry out this job so this is testa lotia treatment in video how we do it or your reference so how to increase productivity or workers this is how you increase productivity basically workers time sun rain and recovery period monitoring of workers monitoring of working hours for tapers to achieve the highest yield tapers are advised to start tapping at 3am and to avoid tapping after 9.30am avoid tapping during sunlight due to the pender will dry and the texture will be very slow and not work the effort stressing the tree and also lead to pender dryness and lead to brown bus to do recovery tapping management can also can also have a policy to carry out recovery tapping on high raining days recovery tapping can be in the evening or switch from D3 to D2 tapping this is another method example on Monday supposed to tap section A but it started raining at 1am that particular section can be tapped in the evening and the next day section B can be tapped so that we don't lose the tapping this another method of recovery tapping is also to switch from D3 to D2 tapping can be tapped at 1.5tas a day to recover for a lost days number of trees but task must be considered as well normally normal circumstances in plantation we says that we can tap for 300 days that's 100% tapping 365 days we last 52 sun days is 313 days 11 days of public holiday we left with 302 days D3 tapping we will get about 100 tapping days per year for D2 tapping we will get about 150 tapping days per year however if you achieve plus minus 95% out of tapest out turn or 200 tapping days is a good output for the plantation the management of the plantation plays a very important role how the recovery plan is executed rain that plays an important role as well mainly for Malaysia because we have a high rainfall except for Kanda and Malacca and some other parts of the country and this is a receipt hosted by Penesela I see Dr Aziz and all the team is there they were seen 12 September 2019 and this is the receipt to check the quality of the process of the collection for Phil Conger that was a short presentation from me any questions welcome yeah thank you very much we will do the question later towards the end okay okay thank you very much can we move to the next paper it's also a disease Dr Tri Rapani Febi Anti from Palembang Indonesian Rabilisasi Institute she's a senior researcher there and her title is climate change and its impact on the outbreak of pestalotopsis epidemic of fevia in south Sumatra okay Dr Febi welcome okay thank you Mr Chairman Datuk thank you good afternoon ladies and gentlemen today i would like to present my research paper the title of this research is climate change and its impact on outbreak of pestalotopsis epidemic of fevia in south Sumatra in Indonesia have more than 25 kinds of disease this disease attack drought stem leaf branch and also tapping funnel and in Indonesia have 12 kinds of leaf disease and 4 is important leaf disease and 1 become outbreak in the last 2 years is pestalotopsis leaf disease it is a time disease incident in Indonesia we can see in here almost a Rabilisasi occur in the wet season wet root disease only in wet season and pestalotopsis in dry season and also wet season when the leaf become mature and my prediction this disease will always come every year like other leaf disease pestalotopsis first occur in the north Sumatra region since 2016 then spread to the southern Sumatra region at the end of 2017 until now if this affected area of this disease in July 2019 more than 386,000 hectare affected area of this disease and it is canopy condition due to pestalotopsis we can see in here in 2019 attack begin in januari and canopy fell from januari continues fall until wintering and wintering in June and July but it is different condition with 2020 where climate change occur and effect of El Nino make long dry season compared to previous year so the canopy condition can be good and last more than 2 months so the peak production in March and April we can get we see in here it is production in 2017 the red line the red line in 2017 there was no incident I mean not yet incident pestalotopsis in southern Sumatra in 2018 januari attack begin to occur the yellow line and production continues to decline same with 2019 red line in januari production decline in 2019 is more than 30% compared to 2017 and how to 2020 we can see in here the blue line production continues to increase until May pestalotopsis attack occur in March and the peak of the attack occur on 18 and 19 April so the canopy can be good and last until May the peak production we can get in April and May it is the rainfall data we can see in here in 2019 2019 is the yellow line from September from September to November rainfall is very little usually symptom begin in November and canopy begin to fall in januari 2020 but because a very little rainfall symptom have not been seen in November and only seen in March 2020 but we must be careful if the rainfall is more than 100mm per month this is intensity will be sever if rainfall more than 300mm per month it is the same with humidity we can see 2019 2019 the yellow line from September to November the humidity is very low compared to previous years and it is number of fallen leaves due to pestalotopsis we have a fallen leaves container measuring 1 square meter is restangular shape we can see the highest number of fallen leaves in May the peak of this disease was on 18 and 19 April 2020 and the number of fallen leaves was record in May now I try to study holy kaitment data to get more concrete info why sporadic symptom appear on April in 18 and 19 2020 so as in some of my previous list climate change on disease development can make the basis of time to to controlling or application of panji site so that the canopy can last until the peak of production normally March and April or climate can be used as early warning system but we need epidemiological observation for at least 5 until 10 Jo so we get early warning system model for this disease it is a just case example of colettar tricum leaf for disease we can see in here they are conditioned they are swiss stable and not suitable for development of pathogen and when the swiss stable to the development of pathogen epidemic will be a cure and most colettar tricum incident a cure in the wet season and the wet season in 1984 wet season in 1970 1973 and only little normal season epidemic in this for long observation the quest the equation of this disease has been formulated and become early warning system in anticipation of this disease so this can be applied also to pestalatopsis need more observation it is canopy condition due to pestalatopsis we see in April 2019 canopy is thin not good different from April 2020 canopy is still good and result good production and if this i want to show condition canopy sorry canopy condition from the ground cover we can see canopy very thin not good only stem and branch also all condition like this in the ground cover many leaves fall in here okay sorry sorry conclusion in this study disease control is very important to be implemented to overcome the virus attack of the next disease the time of application of panjishite need to be considered in order to be on target need epidemiological observation of disease so that it become the basis for early warning system thank you very much for your attention Dr. Fabi now we will proceed to the next one on Nosmatra Zaidah Dr. Zaidah Fai-Ruza from the Indonesian Rubber Research Institute management of Pestalotubesis Outbreak in Nosmatra rubber plantation commercial rubber plantation okay thank you Dr. can you see can you see the presentation yes yes very clear your voice also very clear thank you very much good afternoon ladies and gentlemen thank you for joining in my presentation it's great to see you all let me introduce myself my name is Zaidah Fai-Ruza phantatologist from Indonesian Rubber Research Institute the purpose of the presentation is to show you how serious the Pestalotubesis Outbreak in Nosmatra and how is the management to control this disease first i will explain to you about how the climate change affects to the Pestalotubesis Outbreak incidents if you can see here the position or location of Nosmatra in Indonesia rubber plantation in Nosmatra is about 409,088 hectares and here the climate patterns one area in Nosmatra if you can see in 2015 and 2016 it has drying month every year but in 2017 there's no drying months if you can see drying months according to Smith Ferguson is the rainfall is about less than 60 millimeters and this global climate change trigger their the outbreak of the Pestalotubesis with the symptoms like this first the leaves become heroine and then all the leaves fall with the symptoms like this same with the symptoms show in Malaysia from picture of Mr. Ashdipak and the plants look like this just like the plant just like a brown a brood so there's no leaves in the canopy okay this is the impact of the Pestalotubesis Outbreak if you can see the annual yield KG projectors if we compare from 2016 and 2019 almost 600 difference so the decrease really big KG per hectares and if we compare the the yield month by month we can see if we compare 2016 to 2018 in October the decreasing almost about 31% so it's it's decreasing really really big in in the rubber plantation here's the chronology Pestalotubesis Outbreak in North Sumatra if you have ever heard that the first Pestalotubesis occur in 2017 actually we found in North Sumatra the first record picture or symptom is in 2016 but there's no outbreak there only the symptom in the in the leaf and then 2017 there is outbreak in since June until December and even until now if we connect into the climate change or the climate return we can connecting that more rainfall more rainfall then more humid in the planted in the area in 2018 the plant before it's not it's not too susceptible susceptible to oidium and quatricum but reasonably it become more susceptible maybe after the outbreak and the attack of Pestalotubesis just make the plants weaker than before and in 2019 same as the southern Sumatra North Sumatra also have El Nino in August or September so maybe it can maybe it inhibited the pathogen until next year until we have a normal or annual wintering in January but now in 2020 the pathogen is still can be because we we just found the symptom in the area and some area already has poor canopy that's really poor this is the this is some management strategies we recommend as integrated control to Pestalotubesis outbreak there is forging application ground spraying and fertilizing but again the rubber price determine the the consideration of the rubber plantage company to choose the one cheapest technique so here's they choose the technique is fogging if we can see for the cost for labor and hold all the materials it's only have total 8.19 US dollar and if if they combine with ground spraying they should add about 14 14 or almost 15 US dollar and if they do fertilizing it will cost about 88.9 0.35 US dollar per hectare so that will be cost in interplantation company in in Norsumatras the commercial plantation company decide to to do decide to control this disease by using combination fogging and fogging and ground spraying but the effective technique they use is fogging and we put trial plot in one area and we observe and we observe month by month with five observation parameters from DC severity lift false using lift traps with and also sports sports trap with sport sports trap in the area with three heads in half meters from the surface ground and five meters and then 10 meters and also the the fourth observation parameters is the yield and the fifth is the light intensity we use the light intensity apps from play store so we can and we make we make same perception by by by using so each each gadget will will take the same will take the same intensity the light intensity in one area so we get the results like this the this is about one month after application the application in in clone bb 260 and year 20 2013 so this is priority in treatment area on the 13 13.30 0.33% and non treatment area almost 26.11% twice higher than the treatment area the treatment area is only with poking and not treatment is non poking or control and second result is the fallen leaves in the lift trap actually at that time we collect the data is still the development the development time for medium because the the leaf create the leaf the leaf page is still copper brown and yield and apple green so we get more or idiom than pestolotium just in there but from the data we can see that the treatment have had effect had effect to the leaf disease even that idiom have have or pestolotium we can see that idiom have 41 leaves 41 leaves with symptom idiom in treatment and 100 and 11 leaves falls in non treatment and pestolotium in treatment only one and in non treatment there is four this is the average the average of the data in lift trap and about sports trap we can see in treatment area we only get three sports on the or idiom choletotricum and helmentosporium but in non treatment we get even five five pathogen that is or idiom choletotricum helmentosporium porinespora and also pestolotium and if we if we can see the yield in the area we can see that there is a different this is the GTT drive there is about 2.7 different between the treatment and the non treatment so the treatment is better than treatment and if the light intensity intensity we can see the light intensity in non treatment even the light intensity almost 41 41,000 whereas in treatment only 19,000 so it it can show us that the canopy really thin in the non treatment area and here the picture of the area the area the treatment and non treatment we put side by side so we can see this is the treatment area really dark even really dark below and non treatment area really really bright and we can see the canopy really poor here the position really side by side and that's the the effect of the the application of fogging maybe the final of my presentation thank you for all attention and we we would like to at the question thank you thank you thank you thank you very much Zaidah meanwhile there are already questions for Mr. Deepak you you can see in the drop box questions for you and also one for Dr. Chen Ntenado so maybe you can respond to that while we go to the last paper this is from Dr. Wasana Wajah Suria from the rubber research Institute of Sri Lanka preparedness of the Sri Lankan Rubber Sector to minimize the impact of climate change so Dr. Wasana are you there she is also licensed officer of social economic for the RDB oh ya she is ready already Dr. Wasana we can see your slides but we cannot hear your voice Dr. Dr. Abdulaziz ladies and gentlemen okay happy to hear from you ya we can see your your slides already okay welcome and my presentation today is titled preparedness of the Sri Lanka Rubber Sector to minimize the impacts of climate change the basic focus of this presentation is to demonstrate to what extent RRA says I mean our institution's R&D program fits into the national adaptation plan on climate change of Sri Lanka as you all know sorry and this climate change adaptation plan which is I should say the most logical step because we also had some other conventions like national climate change adaptation strategy for Sri Lanka that came the national climate change policy and the reason one is this national adaptation plan for climate change impacts in Sri Lanka which is for the period 2016 to 2025 and this document has laid out national initiatives for meeting the adverse effects of climate change and I would like to say that RRI Sri Lanka has been involved in research in various disciplines in developing adaptation measures to adverse climate change impacts although in absence of this national adaptation plan and also in the process of developing the knowledge based for carbon sequestering ability to prove the prospects in receiving carbon credits and we are there's a project going on establishing rubber plantation projects rubber cultivation projects for the voluntary carbon market and the non-traditional rubber proving areas in the eastern and rural provinces and it is rather than doing adopt research it is always good to follow a systematic way by adopting the national adaptation plan for climate change impacts and this particular document has identified nine vulnerable sectors including the plantation sector and rubber is containing the export development section and this can identify its adaptation options this report that can fulfil these needs and actions necessary to achieve these adaptation options and this is a I mean stake this report was prepared this stakeholder participation and even officers from the rubber research institute also participated in documenting this report there are four relevant adaptation needs for the natural rubber sector as per this national adaptation strategy the first one being enhancing the resilience of the rubber sector against heat and water stress then the second is minimizing the risk of crop damage due to biological edges the third being minimizing the impact on export earnings due to erotic changes in precipitation and the final one is enhancing resilience of export crops and agro ecosystems to extreme weather events so let's move on to the first one which is enhancing the resilience against heat and water stress and here the key area is germplasm improvement and also improvement of nursery and plantation management practices the breeding of new clones include multiplication establishment and scientific evaluation of heave at germplasm molecular level screening to identify drought torrent clones and RRA cell small who the collaborative trials mainly suboptimal environments to test adaptability and performance again regarding breeding of new clones there are some success stories the clones RRA cell 217 and RRA cell 215 have been identified as highly stable for all environments so that means it's good for even drought climates and through molecular screening RRA cell 2005 and RRA cell 2006 are more torrental drought compared to the other clones tested but we need further research to confirm these findings they're not to enhance in the resilience of the rubber sector against heat and water stress again considering the improvement of nursery and plantation management practices these are the areas that are being focused by RRA Sri Lanka in the process of finding adaptation measures suitable adaptation measures they are improved planting material priming of seeds to improve germination success application of botanicals and physical chemicals mainly to avoid water stress irrigation practices to reduce moisture stress and studies of botting media for root trainers biopertilizer development et cetera and more on to this aspect be to research on use of organic fertilizer biopertilizer application intercropping systems and soil martianization practices with the objective of avoiding stress situations let's move on to the second of the adaptation needs minimize minimize in the risk of problematis new biological ages since we have heard very much about diseases in this session i mean this session and here also germplacemium improvement is very much important the screening of existing clones for pest and disease resistance is a necessity and developing with these we can develop pest and disease star and clones and the second point is improvement of land and nursery management practices in the above minimize in the risk of crop damage and here develop in recommendation of best practices of pest and disease management through improvements in nursery management and crop sanitation these have been given priority in our R&D programs with respect to climate change adaptation again on to the pest and disease problem it is important to monitor and surveillance the pest and diseases which are coming existing at present for that there is a need to establish a surveillance program for early detection of new diseases and pest and also developing a system of forecasting risks of pest and diseases which are relevant to actions under these adaptation options then we move on to the third adaptation need which is enhancing resilience of export crops and aggregate systems to extreme weather events for this it is important to introduce suitable profit systems with rubber as already mentioned in the first session by the speakers and for that land suitability assessments is a necessity and it is a routine program of our soil land plant nutrition department and to this will can be used to identify monitor and focus droughts and for that they have carried out some studies on finding indicators suitable indicators for drought monitoring and forecasting and this can be incorporated with GIS mapping and can be used in decision making process and it is also important to model extreme events for these we need climate data and therefore it is a must to have complete databases on meteorological data in all rubber growing areas so let's come to the conclusion and the R&D program of RRISL as I mentioned is has adequately address the adaptation needs options and activities according to the national adaptation plan of Sri Lanka but several research are still going on and at the initial stages and therefore the recommendations can be made to the industry in future obviously there are research gap and therefore need to be identify the needs adaptation needs further and research on them overarching all the said strategies raising awareness is of immense importance it is important make aware the planters and smaller deformers about the adaptation needs and proposed strategies to build resilience of the rubber sector to anticipate the climate changing overcoming at the secrets so that is the end of my presentation I would like to thank all the organizers for inviting me to make this presentation thank you very much thank you very much Dr Wasana now we can go to the question and answer sessions we have questions already forwarded have they been answered I think we have we have quite a number of questions for the different speakers and can you please look up the drop box and respond to some of the questions not yet Mr Ashlipat are you still around yes i have responded to the questions oh yeah thank you very much and then there are also questions for Dr Chen Dr Chen you are around can you respond to that question I think it's from Australia and then that one what is the question can you see or not M.E.I. can read this for him yeah yeah can you respond to that and further down I think Mr Paul Yoh asking a question also there is there is already an effort to screen the clones but we at the moment we cannot you know because breeding is a long term thing so you have to screen first for the available clones to see if they have got some degree of resistance Mr Paul Yoh so that's the respond and then the next one is who is that can oh the recording this i think that the Mr Sabarathore has already responded right they will be given the presentation at the end of the the 3D sessions the other one is Jacob Dr Jacob Matthew i think he's very active here Jacob Matthew asking for the and also some comments on the tapping panel dryness for Mr Ashlipat who is asking about the cost price cost of the treatment i thought there's somebody it's not very clear from you you Anil Anil you Anil i support 200 ING per hectare ya you have given no you have given your response yes that's correct okay thank you now do you have any any any of the panelies or those who are around do you have questions or comments on the five presentations we had for this afternoon i have one from Dr Chen when you talk about typhoon and cyclone which one is more your tornado tornado and cyclone which one is more prevalent in the Ainan island and then what about your you know you have the barrier tornado barriers the typhoon barrier trees are they effective Dr Chen ya ah halo ya ya your presentation is on tornado and then sometime we hear okay please and then we hear the cyclone you know for also your typhoon ya typhoon is the most severe disaster on Ainan island while we choose tornado lot typhoon okay that's what you must understand you have a lot of typhoon problem and sometime you have this barrier plants in the areas often affected by the cyclone do you oh what's the difference barrier barrier plants like wind barrier wind breaker ya wind breaker the difference between typhoon and tornado they are both the typhoon bring more large destruction on lot plantation when the tornado is bring severe destruction on the root maybe one kilometer along the root is for just for tornado but typhoon and they will destroy a large area maybe in a very short time so more damage to the trees caused by the typhoon right many countries especially this can so we have to go up we have money can ya Febi you have a question Dr. Febi so this second question is how to say the future election of remote sensing you address the climate change on lot plantation okay and let me say okay and about season what we'll get back to you Dr. Febi let Dr. Chen respond to that question from Fatim okay in future image acquire ability is improved especially after 2008 so we can have big remote sensing data to monitor disaster so we what i think is the big data is one of the direction that use the time series also is very important in previous studies most study using one or two cloud free images but about now we have a a dense time series images so we can respond lebih cepat and not not like before we just wait for the cloud free images if no cloud free images at a large scale so we can't do the perform the disaster assessment but now we can use pattern in the image that's all the pattern contaminated by a cloud but we can use those regions lot of contaminated by cloud so use time series is a direction and we we can respond more quickly to monitor the disaster okay thank you and let me see is there any other question not not being address what would that be philip talia i have a question it's not a question small comment about best all of jobs is please please because we have seen several presentation about this showing that there is a serious outbreak of this disease recently and some data linking best all of jobs is to to climatic data year by year with variability among years and links to likely El Nino phenomena but i haven't seen why you link this with to climate change actually because climate change it's it's different it's continuous trend of climate that is changing over a long period you mainly to temp change in temperature so so far what we have seen is links between climatic data and outbreaks of disease as we have seen in the past was shown for example for for for coletotric bomb or or corinespora but i'm not sure we can tell that so far there is a link with climate change this is something that we have to study but to to tell today that yes better best all of jobs outbreak is linked to climate change i think we we cannot tell this so far we need to study it before the thank you very much for your comments first this disease is of recent origin although it was minor disease many many years ago is only end of 2016 as it was observed both in Malaysia and also in Indonesia and the immediate thing that they have done is observe the occurrence of the disease and it's important with respect to the climate change because the two presentations you can see that they highlight the importance of very heavy rainfall sustain heavy rainfall in both the two areas the difference is in the case of north Sumatra the wintering period is quite similar to Malaysia but in south Sumatra is different because the wintering period comes around June-July or it can be also extended to August so the this is just they just started on the study and the immediate one is to see what sort of treatment can be given obviously there is also the contribution of the inability to purchase fertilizer to apply fertilizer so the trees have been weakened that's another aspect so it's it's going to be a very interesting study so your observation is correct climate change now with respect to the rainfall very heavy rainfall and the good the presentation by Dr. Fabish she showed very clearly when it was dry the disease didn't occur and in April of this year two days of very heavy rain and two days after that you find the disease appearing so that is just an explanation to your observation but it is going to be a very interesting study and we know that there are students doing postgraduate their research in the different universities both in Malaysia and also Indonesia and maybe other places even in Australia so it's interesting it's there is some relationship between the climate situation and occurrence of the disease you see the other thing that we observe here we are very concerned about South American live blight and you know that South American live blight the experience in Brazil they have gone to the escape areas they've gone to São Paulo no problem with South American live blight but we did spend large sum of money we set up the research center in Trinidad and also join work with the Brazilian but until today I think I do not know I think the possibility of South American live blight coming here we are more concerned at the moment with Pesalotopsis that is the observation because we have been doing a lot of things on South American live blight and I think the conditions may not be right for that fungus to come to this region okay any other comment Febi you want to say something Zahida thank you I just want to add that actually North Sumatra have 8 season zones so for as you know I have presented about the difference between areas it can show us it can show us that area with rainy season or with poor rain have the thicker canopy then the area with more rainy more rainfall maybe you still remember that too maybe I will understand that to Philips to the Melof Philips about the data You see the additional information you all have presented I think it's interesting because you are now showing the effect of applying fertilizers and also spraying except we have to be concerned about how much as some people have asked the cost of giving this treatment to the trees but the beneficial effect is already very obvious from your presentation Zahida and also I think Febi work in Palembang and even down here they are doing some work you can see that Mr. Ash Dipak doing the treatment and they seem to be observing some positive response from those activities okay any other question from even the panel members or the presenters do you have any other question they have a question for you for you and I can open to to the other panelists because I think both Febi and Zahida they mentioned couple of times they need for an early warning system right and I think you know we have now new technologies and in the previous session actually there was a question related to the epidemiology study and world scale observation network to address the impact that they increases increasing rays of temperature and whatever it comes from from that could have plantations or other plantations so the question is basically these warning systems are in place in countries for instance in Southeast Asia secondly what we can do to actually set up not only in one country but no extends cooperation in this direction among countries iya my my response to that is when we receive this outbreak you see it's a complex disease situation initially it was fuci kokum you know it's quite a standard happening after wintering then you get the medium coming in and then the coletutricum which is called the secondary leaf fall and then another important disease is corinospora so when this happened we visited the fields we went to Indonesia we went to we went to Malaysia and the NRPC also organized workshop in Thailand so we brought all the experts the disease experts first the visit they reform a task force actually on just studying this bestalo theopsis and they have made some recommendations for the RND and this is being actually done by the different member institutes to study the but i think more like early warning system at the moment there is it's not possible to do that except when they are monitoring only the rainfall that is an indication when they get the heavy rainfall you can expect that the next few days the disease will come i think maybe they can respond you know but we brought in all the experts to visit these locations and then by the time that was over then we found that the outbreak already went to Thailand and then Sri Lanka although India reported only a very minor sort of incidents so that is the situation it's going to be a very important topic for research master's program of phd program your comment Zayda and Febi anything in response to Mr. Sival Selvatore's intervention okay i think for early warning system we must we must have many observation about epidemiological and we must also know about climate specter rainfall rainy day rain speed humidity evaporation and other so not only not only pestalatopsis but other lefal disease we must know and this need long observation until maybe five and ten years and we can cooperation with many many rubber institute in in from iodb and other country hanya itu Dato iya jadi ada Zayda ada komen dalam ini Zayda iya iya Dato ada komen iya mungkin sedikit sebenarnya perjalanan yang terbaik dan lebih tinggi strategi untuk mengawal keadaan ini adalah menggunakan keadaan lagi seperti Dato cakap bahawa perlu lebih banyak masa dan kita mengawal keadaan ini akan akan akan lama dalam dalam area jika jika kondisi dari keadaan seperti ini lebih lebih rendah dan keadaan dari minggu seperti kes cakap kes cakap 2007 cakap bahawa dalam Indonesia terutama keadaan menjadi seperti itu jadi kurang bulan dan lebih rendah dan keadaan keadaan keadaan keadaan keadaan berkombin dengan lebih rendah ia ia akan membuat area lebih mudah daripada sebelum mungkin seperti itu Tuan HDPak anda ada komen pada ini anda telah bekerja sangat untuk mengawal masalah ini dalam keadaan pada apa lagi Tuan saya mengatakan jadi anda anda mempunyai keadaan lebih banyak pesan akan perlu dilakukan pada ini pada Pesta Lothia iya iya iya Pesta Lothia kerana Pesta Lothia saya Pesta Lothia adalah sesuatu seperti COVID-19 kami tak dapat menemukan apa-apa perjalanan pada saat ini jadi tapi anda ada beberapa peluasa dalam keadaan dalam keadaan iya iya apa yang anda anda mempunyai? Mereka semuanya semuanya mempunyai apa-apa? Sebenarnya salah satu Malaysia lebih di RRM3001 adalah sekitar 3% dan keadaan di RRM3001 lebih kurang daripada peluasa lain maksudnya ada peluasa yang kurang iya iya iya iya keadaan keadaan juga dalam Indonesia dan Thailand dengan mempunyai atau peluasa yang atau peluasa yang menunjukkan keadaan kerana ia akhirnya hanya dengan pengalaman koronis yang lebih kurang untuk mengembangkan peluasa yang penyelidik itu iya sangat baru anda tahu kita hanya mempunyai selama selama 4 tahun jadi itu itu kita boleh bergerak daripada peluasa apa-apa di Wasana Dr. Wasana kerana saya rasa ia menarik bahawa Sri Lanka telah anda tahu keluar dengan plan adaptasi untuk perubahan keadaan saya rasa yang menarik institut telah membuat ini inisiatif apakah komentar atau sebuah pertanyaan semua pertanyaan telah diberi saya iya iya Eric tolong iya Eric iya saya rasa periksaan yang telah telah diperiksaan oleh Sri Lanka iya sangat inklusif iya sangat menarik iya iya iya sangat baik periksaan betul dan mereka juga pergi ke anda tahu pergi ke perjalanan untuk beritahu kepada iya keadaan dan RND juga simal sebab pagi ini pagi ini semua orang bercakap tentang biophysics keadaan dan sebagainya tetapi tiada siapa bercakap tentang orang-orang dan seharusnya segalanya segalanya akan bergabung pada adaptasi dan adaptasi oleh orang-orang okey saya rasa jika anda tak ada lagi banyak pertanyaan dalam box kerabatan telah ditangkapkan sudah sudah jadi saya rasa saya hanya akan ambil beberapa minit saja hanya untuk memasukkan proses ini saya rasa apa yang kita lihat di sini apabila kita mempunyai krisis orang yang susah selalu mempunyai jadi tidak berbeza dalam kes ini apabila anda mempunyai masalah anda mempunyai tonadu anda mempunyai psikologi dan semuanya anda juga mempunyai di di di bahagian bangladesh apabila jika penyelesaing sangat-sangat pukul hanya memasukkan kerana pukul pukul pukul memasukkan pukul dan semuanya juga masalah bukan hanya tonadu atau tyfun dalam Hainan kami juga selalu dapat pukul ini itu sebabnya pilihan untuk penyelesaian penyelesaian penyelesaian mereka juga mempunyai pukul yang sangat penyelesaian saya telah melihat apabila beberapa hukuman penyelesaian semua pukul hanya seperti jalan telah berlaku dan memasukkan mereka satu-satunya dan memutuskan mereka jadi saya rasa pukul bukan hanya penyelesaian tetapi penyelesaian dan di atas itu mereka perlu belajar pukul penyelesaian dan melihat untuk pukul yang bagus yang pada akhirnya apabila pukul telah dibuat ia masuk ke penyelesaian jadi pukul kami telah menghubungkan pukul ini bahawa pukul penyelesaian sangat-sangat penting seperti pengalaman di seluruh Amerika apabila sekarang kita memasukkan beberapa pukul penyelesaian seperti pukul pertama ia dikatakan dengan jelas dengan pukul penyelesaian pukul penyelesaian juga berlaku dan kadang-kadang pukul penyelesaian lebih serius untuk pukul penyelesaian jadi saya rasa itu semua yang saya perlu katakan tapi semua ini panggil untuk pukul penyelesaian tidak hanya sejauh-jauh pukul penyelesaian adalah kongsi pukul penyelesaian seluruh pukul penyelesaian yang bermakna pukul penyelesaian tidak dilanggar tapi sekarang apabila mereka berada bersama dan melihat bagaimana pukul penyelesaian dapat juga memberi untuk mencari bukan hanya pukul penyelesaian pukul penyelesaian dan juga pukul penyelesaian yang memberikan mereka kejil pukul penyelesaian mereka kata anda dapat sampai 8,000 kg per hektar setiap tahun tetapi kita kata kami gembira kita dapat 5,000 kerana sekarang pukul penyelesaian seluruh pukul penyelesaian banyak negara jadi itu pukul penyelesaian jadi semua ini panggil untuk bukan hanya melihat pukul penyelesaian masalah tetapi juga pukul penyelesaian sebelum pukul penyelesaian dalam semua pukul penyelesaian dan juga dalam industri jadi saya akan ambil kemungkinan untuk menghubungi semua pemeriksaan dan juga pemeriksaan pemeriksaan aktif dengan lebih dari 100 saya rasa sekitar 200 190 pemeriksaan banyak yang tidak kelihatan kepada kita tetapi kita harap kita akan dapat kemungkinan dalam masa depan untuk mempunyai mesyuarat fizikal kemudian akan menjadi anda tahu kopi semuanya dan kita perlu memuatkan korporasi terima kasih banyak kepada semua anda terutama kepada orang kami menunjukkan ini okey terima kasih terima kasih okey Aziz terima kasih banyak ini akan berakhir hari pertama dari tiga hari pekerja jadi esok kita akan mulakan lagi pada dua jam pada masa Singapura dan saya harap anda menikmati hari ini dan nanti kita akan melihat anda esok jadi hari yang hebat dan dari orang-orang yang terima kasih kami hanya memuatkan pada keadaan ini Albatore kami hanya memuatkan apakah kita boleh selesai tiga hari kita boleh kita boleh kami membuat hari pertama kita takkan melakukan dua lagi terima kasih banyak okey selamat malam terima kasih banyak terima kasih