 Good morning. My name is Nancy Lindborg. I'm the president of the United States Institute of Peace and I am Delighted to welcome everybody here for a very important conversation And a very timely discussion on Iraq If you are joining online, thank you very much for tuning in If you are here and using a headset for interpretation Channel one for English channel six for Arabic We will be passing around questions or cards for you to write your questions on we will collect those for the discussion And if you are tweeting about the conversation today, please use hashtag Halbussi usip Which is up here as well hashtag Halbussi usip so I want to extend a very warm welcome to his Excellency the speaker of the Iraq Council of Representatives, Mr. Muhammad al-Habussi who is visiting usip today for the first time Welcome also to the very distinguished members of the Iraqi Council of Representatives Who are traveling with mr. Speaker here to Washington welcome to all of you a Special welcome also to ambassador Farid Yassin. Thank you as always And to KRG representative by Ansami Abdul Rahman I'm especially pleased that we're able to host this discussion today because Iraq is at yet another very pivotal moment as it Finds its way towards peace and stability 35 years ago as an independent non-partisan National Insta Institute Dedicated to the premise that peace is in fact very possible and it's very practical and so We work with partners around the world on how to prevent to mitigate mitigate and resolve violent conflict And we do this by linking policy and analysis with research training and work on the ground Iraq is one of our largest programs with the excellent leadership of Mike Yaffe and Sarhan Hamasahid and a terrific team both here and in Iraq and based on our experience and our research we know that peace requires a Sustained peace requires working both from the top down and is importantly from the bottom up So we work with our Iraqi partners to forge agreements between local communities To reduce communal tensions to prevent violence and to support the safe and voluntary return For displace Iraqis in places like Tikrit after the spiker massacre Hawija, Tala Farr We support religious minority communities as they recover from the devastation Left after ISIS particularly in the Nineveh province and we're conducting communal dialogues and analytic work in Anbar and other parts of the country And finally we work with Iraqi leaders around the country And from the diverse community as they seek a more lasting peace It has now been a year since Iraq declared the military defeat of ISIS and since then the Iraqi government has continued its progress By protecting the Iraqi people from ISIS and they've enabled the return of more than 4.2 million Internally displaced people to return home in Iraq Speaker al-habousi's presence here in Washington comes as Iraq has also Taken the very important step of holding national elections, which it did in May of last year and Subsequently electing a new or electing a new parliament and forming a new government Mr.. Speaker and members of the delegation Congratulations on these very important milestones I met speaker al-habousi a little more than a year ago in Iraq When he was still the governor of Anbar province a position he held from 2017 to 2018 and as a native of Anbar province He has been on the front lines of dealing with the devastations of ISIS and its aftermath and when we met a year ago. I came away very impressed With how pragmatic how energetic how engaged he was With the complex challenges that his communities faced As well as elsewhere in Iraq including how to balance security and social cohesion as the government Removed rubbery barriers of return to displaced Iraqis. This is the balance that is so vital as Iraqi moves forward Before serving as government governor. He served as a member of the Iraqi council of representatives from 2014 to 2017 So I'm particularly pleased to host speaker al-habousi here at USIP today The speaker will make remarks and then I'll join him on stage for a conversation on the challenges That Iraq faces and we'll take your questions written on the cards So, please remember to write them down and we'll collect them And with that, please join me in welcoming speaker Muhammad al-habousi to the stage Ladies and gentlemen Decision makers and dear experts. Good morning to you all. I would like to thank you To our friends at the Institute of Peace For their kind invitation and hope to come out from this meeting with specific results that help to create a clear and joint vision Serving the goal of straining the relations between Baghdad and Washington and promoting world peace I am more than pleased to listen to you the opinion of the elite About the new challenges and I will try to prevent a number of ideas In a general framework and then I will be happy to listen to your ideas your questions and interactions as we speak The dust of the battlefield against ISIS is being cleared in last moment in Iraq and Syria where the territorial control of this organization has ended and those militants are now returned To operate as gangs who are unable to control a specific land The current situation requires a set of strategies to adopt in the face of the new threat Whereas the elimination of ISIS geographical areas opens a new window a new challenge from the terrorist organization in which this Terrorist could start targeting on an individual basis ladies and gentlemen One of the most serious challenges facing the world during this period this terrorist Organization Iraq has fought this organization on behalf of the world of the entire world And we did this with the help and the partnership With the world Led by the United States international coalition One of the most serious challenges facing the world during this period is the phenomenon of Islam phobia It is an attempt to provoke and dismantle societies and Create terror of the new kind no less dangerous than the terror of ISIS If it is not complimentary to it as far as vision and implementation However, we are confident in the wisdom of the civilized world in dealing with it and One of the best example is the New Zealand government set as an honorable example of how to deal with such a crisis of the past weeks The project of the reconstruction of the liberated areas does not only mean the rebuilding of urban areas It is equally very important to work of the local piece building and protection of diversity in these areas and work for a safe return of ITPs particularly minorities who are trying to obtain asylum in some Western countries from here Returnening of stability of this consists of the diversity and a piece of community and Security and safety we cannot do it alone We need the support of The international community and its cooperation to enhance the abilities in these areas Iraq has been working hard recently to control proliferation of the weapons and restore normalcy to citizens and cities By demilitarization of these areas and provide a legal and formal framework To those who fought alongside the army and the security forces. We are now Currently working in cooperation with the executive branch in order to narrow the illegal carrying of weapons and those who illegally use military titles of the fighters Against ISIS By closing the security or the economic officers of these groups whether in Baghdad or other provinces No one denies that they are still problems between Baghdad and Iraqi Kurdistan region, but Believe these problems today They are at the minimal level and the relationship between the IQR and Baghdad is witnessing a remarkable development through communication Between the IQR and leadership and the Iraqi government There has been an agreement on the side of solution related to some issues that were disputed before Like the budget and the administration of the disputed areas I believe that the presence of his Excellency President Barham Saleh in Baghdad and the great communication He has with the leaders of the IQR will provide an appropriate and important opportunity to resolve these problems There will be an opportunity to resolve these outstanding problems also the problems in the Middle East are getting increasingly More complicated and complex during this period. It is undeniable That the echoes of these problems will affect all the countries in the region Iraq now is in the eye of the storm and we are working inside Iraq to formulate and try to formulate in Iraqi vision On how to deal with the regional crisis based on the Iraq first strategy and keep Iraq away from these problems However, the regional conflict will increase day by day and it is very important that the wise people in the region and the world To act in order to create an opportunity for dialogue between all the conflicting parties One of the first problems that will play a critical role in the next stage is the Palestinian cause and the increasing tensions following the United States sign Announcement to recognize the sovereignty of the Israeli entity over the Golan Heights Here I say that Iraq adheres to all the United Nations resolutions that the Golan Heights and We sure we ensure that this should be resolved in a reasonable and practical way There is a difference between intervention and Rational overlap We reject guardianship hegemony and external intervention in all forms But we are dealing with the overlap in the conflict of the region in a rational way Our international alliance will be more economic than political due to our urgent need Ladies and gentlemen the sectarian issue is no longer a threat in Iraq at all There's a social fabric between all components We have left behind us sectarian problems for good But some political parties and individual political components from time to time the sectarian issue To use it and abuse it in an attempt to gain an electoral basis This will not give any of these parties or trend opportunity to return to political life again The Iraqi people does not trust these parties anymore delays in the completion of the formation of the Iraqi government are Not about conflicting interests. There's a personal stubbornness and It will a fight between the blocks I am working with my brother as the prime minister and the president of the Republic as Well as leaders of the block and when I return to like that We will definitely finish The appointment and assignment of the two most important ministries the defense and interior There is No hindering and no delay in these portfolio But this is one of the priorities of the government of Iraq and the Parliament of Iraq as well Ladies and gentlemen, we are still waiting for the countries that pledge the donor countries that pledge Support to us and the reconstruction conference in Kuwait and I cannot hide my disappointment my disappointment because of the reluctance of some To fulfill promises made during the conferences and if Iraq is not supported by these promises Investments in grants and funds Iraq will not be able to achieve the reconstruction project Iraq has fought on behalf of the world in of the entire world. We lost a lot of the infrastructure Due to this war and we look forward That all our friends in the world to adhere to their promises to Reconstruct and help in the reconstruction effort in Iraq to bring it back to stability and normal normalcy We are trying to attract international companies particularly The strong and the huge companies in the United States and we welcome them At the political or the social level to bring them to the investment sector some would Wonder like the bureaucracy in the state institution or the corruption that has resurfaced recently as a phenomenon But I tell you and I assure you that the three presidents is in Iraq. We have a clear vision to fight corruption We will somehow have a package a strict carriage and the executive branch will Absolutely work in fighting this corruption away from the partisan quota and The Iraqi citizen will definitely help in facing For combating this corruption all the files since 2003 Until now will be Dealt and reopened with the corruption files all findings will be revealed to the Iraqi public clearly and I believe that the justice System in Iraq I Commend them and praise them for what they did and complimenting the three presidencies in Iraq To hit on the bureaucracy. Thank you very much For your listening and I'm ready to listen to your questions Mr.. Speaker, thank you very much. Thank you again for joining us and for those comments You have had a very busy visit here in Washington DC So far, I understand you've had meetings with Speaker Pelosi with Secretary Pompeo Vice President Pence members of Congress other members of Congress Acting Defense Secretary Shanahan, can you give us a flavor of how those conversations have gone and how you see this visit Setting the stage for the future relationship between the United States and Iraq Thank you Nancy we found a very much welcoming Here in the United States they welcomed us greatly and I ensure that these conversations will contribute to help both peoples the Americans and the Iraqis and the joint efforts that Have been in the past and still going on between the United States and Iraq and in general with the international community We were partners in the fight against ISIS Just like I said, we defeated it. We defeated this extremist organization With the help of everybody of the international coalition led by the United States and we appreciate that very much I Not right here that the Liberated areas Does not mean that We eliminated terrorism in general. There must be a continuous support from the United States and the international community to finish not only This terrorist organization as we did militarily, but the extremist ideology which will lead us to somehow support for the logistic training and This is very very important For the armed forces the Iraqi armed forces. There's a big understanding in Iraq That all the three presidencies in Iraq the executive branch the legislative branch Led by Prime Minister Abdul-Mahdi and his Excellency the president of the Republic Barham Salih. We all are United in our effort to work with the international partners and the international coalition to defeat this extremist organization once in for all So in the next phase It's more like it's not militarily more of an intelligence-based effort The forces in Iraq and to somehow attack their funding and financing The extremist ideology the human and and and the financial from all these aspects There are so many parties That hurt Iraq because they gave them the incubator for they gave ISIS the incubator to flourish in the past Of course following and tracking down these Organizations and sometimes Countries could be behind them. We need to Follow up and attack them somehow indeed from these aspects The United States is welcoming of course and and I ensure all the people that you mentioned miss Nancy like the conversation with speaker Pelosi and vice president and Acting Defense Secretary All of them they are so much on the same page to Help Iraq and work hand-in-hand To work in all aspects economy investment security and militarily efforts and partnership to finish off the extremist ideology or organizations and and Reconstruction of the liberated area and and create a work opportunity. This is exactly what I my our conversations Contained and and I found that a very great positive vibe from the United States as Many people I think are looking With some concern at how to make sure that ISIS doesn't come back and you mentioned several ways That you're Approaching it. What what about the role of reconciliation of ensuring that there is a sense of inclusion? You talk about the three presidencies and the commitments Do you what do you view as the status of national reconciliation? As a means of ensuring that ISIS Ideology doesn't come back and and what what do you think should be done about that? When are you? Ma bad there are too many elements To stop the return of ISIS or We have to deal with the causes that brought this organization and this ideology extremist ideology Social and humanitarian issues we need to deal with that starting with the Social equality for all components in Iraq and providing services to Iraqi citizens in general and then also The IDP camps Clearly They could be somehow affected they could be somehow a Way a window for organizations for the terrorist organization to come back and see a Fertile ground For example like the Yazidis and the minority Christians. There are so many of them IDPs Living in those camps. It's it's difficult very difficult. They live in a very difficult situation and they could be very Fragile in terms of Being Tempted or somehow targeted For the return of the extremist ideology. We are willing and and hopefully waiting for the partnership and the effort Support from the United States and the international Community the Iraqi alone cannot take it on its shoulder alone But we are waiting for a lot of help and support from services and otherwise clearly. I see that There are Differences within the international community Before the elections We we have to say like I point out that this delay from the international community before early in 2018 until now Some of the parties or some of the donor countries They We want actually we are In race with time to bring back these donors Don't countries to somehow to get involved and indulge in our support But to keep it open-ended and without implementing and and Doing The walk as they did the talk. It's gonna be a little tough But if you say the reconciliation The it has to come in two parts One from the bottom up and one from the political parties on the top the first It starts from the areas that were subject to the occupation of Isis This has to be dealt with and I think we with the people we we made sure that we brought back I'll give you an example A family of six or seven a family of seven people one of them Forcefully he was He dragged out with those organization But these organizations they don't care about the family or the fabric of the family They have a very strange Ideology we had to bring back these families back to their Home lands with their promise that they would never return back and get Reaffiliated with one of those terrorist organizations. We We taught them how to Re-educate them awareness campaigns to know how They rebuilt their areas and to reconcile with the people who never been subjected to Affiliation with the with with the organization with the terrorist organization, whether they were militant or whether they were Civilians that's a part of the reconciliation. We bring them to gather and another reconciliation We need support of the international community in I would say like in in in a component like like the Nino Nino a plane and These areas They are so much Interacted with each other these components. We have to start at the political level Of course from the top down We will work with the legislative and and the government and the international community to split the Humanity aspect from the Elector aspect Any pragmatic Election issue they have all the right to Elect anyone that they feel that would represent them whether it's It could affect negatively, but we have to respect that whatever They want to elect or the humanitarian and election aspects are to separate things Pick a couple of strands forward The first the first follow-up is you refer you mentioned the religious minorities or components as you say in Iraq Who are truly facing existential concerns? You mentioned you mentioned the religious minorities or components as they're called in Iraq Who are facing what many consider to be existential challenges? And this is clearly a Topic of some focus within Iraq here within the United States as well How do you? How do you how are US Speaker and other political leaders approaching the concerns of these? religious communities about Their ability to exist in Iraq their security concerns their inclusion in decision-making As soon as I assume As a speaker of the coor Yes, I Do not I am from one component, but I am surely not working for only one component I work for all components in Iraq one of my priorities and and in at the parliament I Reconnected with the Azidi components and the other minority the Christian minorities Whether with their religious leaders or their political leaders. I continuously work with them is that to let them know that all their presentation is Completely for Iraq is not only their own components one of Iraq's characteristics is that all Iraq has multiple components Arabs Turks Everybody Cyber Yazidis What we find is that Iraq's distinguished from others is that it contains all these components We are working to bring them back to their own areas apart from the political differences whether it's in Ninoa Plains or To have exactly a real representation in the state institutions Just like the other MPs that I mentioned that they have a real representation There's one of the Christian ministers we are trying to Open up to other Woman aspect as well. We are working to appoint a lady a woman ministers apart from State institutions including security institutions We want them to enter the state institutions this way they would protect their own areas so they can be in their own residential areas and and contributors to To do the security portfolio in these areas in their own areas we I'm gonna Interspersed questions from the audience with mine. We have quite a few here, but so On this topic we have a question asking could you comment on the challenge of? Non-local security forces in Christian areas in the Ninoa Plains Yes, yes, I quickly Pointed out to Let to talk about these people the residential of those areas to be contributor in the in the army in the security the national security and the intelligence in all these Services we want them to Protect their own areas. We have an action from the prime minister to To have a representation from these components inside their own For example in Sinjar and and Ninoa Plain as I said before it's a political problem Not a security in the beginning. Everybody wants to control this area Electoral I don't deny that there also is an external Somehow intervention and to affect these areas, but what we are doing is Working in these areas to have their own people Get involved and indulge in all these institution services Because Iraq's popular mobilization forces played a very large role in in the fight against ISIS And there are many who view their role with much appreciation There are others who have concerns that these groups may have links to Iran They could undermine the Iraqi state longer term. What what do you see as the future of the popular? militias the PMF Yeah, PMF is a group or volunteers who Answered the fatwa the highest supreme religious fatwa in Iraq. They Offered a lot of sacrifices in this area. Yes, there are some of them that are linked to the PMF and There is a direction from the Iraqi Security armed forces to deal with this to have only one unified Commandership some of the PMF groups are in some areas, but not only PMF in these areas I repeat again and reiterate reiterate its a political problem not security. There are so many parties Some international terrorist organizations that They enter in these areas and we hope that We will solve this problem locally and internationally or externally international Intervention Somehow hit an imbalance in this area Some of them are I tell you like either Christians or Yazidis are Part members of the PMF use it to attack their Opponents or their foes, but what we want is like the police That they are only Loyal to the country to the state institution and not to one component or the other It's not welcomed from the people of the area for example like in Sinjar or Nino a plane But Iraq alone cannot face this challenge The ISIS when it occupied part of Iraq. They did a lot of mess and then they pressured Iraq and and then some other countries are using this aspect It's just to follow up on the PMF Point there's the armed forces the commandership of the armed forces are trying to rearrange the PMF organization of the structures to have in in every Provincial area Supported if they are there the PMF would be supported by either the federal armed forces or other Forces from Iraq to be supported with them in those areas Well a bit of a follow-up question comes from our audience which is What does what impact does Iran have on Iraq's politics, but either Positive or negative How do you see the impact of Iran and I would add you know you have a lot of regional neighbors Active in Iraq. How do you balance all those influences? External actors I'm sorry. I'm sorry. Okay, can I see can I see who posed this question? Please and stand up? Oh My oh my gosh These these countries including Iran they always always Interfer for their own interest and you know Iraq is always having problems whether it's local or International problems or most of the regional countries interfere Negatively not positively and wouldn't hinder Iraq. Well, I mean would hinder Iraq from going forward in progress in its own way as As I said earlier in my speech Iraq first strategy. That's what we want to adhere and be careful that our common interests and Respect each other. This is a fixture and it's not only a slogan It's not a political slogan. We want this to be Implemented in effect to have a full sovereignty No Intervention whatsoever from regional or elsewhere in the past we used to Take this direction is like what they want from Iraq whether the Gulf or the US or Turkey or anybody what exactly their interest in Iraq, but now what we want Iraq what Iraq wants from Jordan or from the Gulf countries or from Turkey or from the international communities Based on the common interest and a mutual interest We are working to have all these political Relationship for example our relationship with the United States does not Get affected with the people or the country that is neighboring Iraq That's what we try to do It's not it's not to put them in conflict with each other our strength and our force in Iraq will contribute to the stability of the region Including Iran the strong this The powerful Iraq we will contribute to the regional stability of these neighboring countries any negative impact on Iraq or negative intervention in Iraq. I'll tell you honestly some were probably sectarian intervention Some of them ethical now we all come as one Iraq. There's no way out of Iraq For all Iraqis from all components of Iraq Other than one Iraq everyone wants a special Interest of these countries we welcome all components in Iraq to have Iraq first Neighborhood for a moment on your other border. You have a very long border with Syria. There have been recent exchanges between civilian and military leaders Baghdad's Damascus and we have a number of questions from the audience on Syria so the question is what what's your assessment of the direction of events in Syria and What's your position towards the reintegration of Syria in the Arab League? And what is the impact of of this on Iraq? Syria, but I'll be sure Syria is a Brother in Arab country what Syria Been subjected to as a tax is not very different from what Iraq but Iraq is much longer term It's very important that Syria be back to the Arab League then to go somewhere else Syria is part of the Arab world and For the Syrians they have a good positions with Iraq before 2003 and after 2003 before 2003 they Adopted me personally they adopted the resistance before 2000 me personally when I When I was subject to terrorist attacks and targeting in Umbar I Took a refuge in Syria and I found that the Syrians welcomed the Iraqis and welcomed me and and we have to return back that favor and We have to work to strengthen their unification to have the people of Syria to support for them to decide Their own political future and who is going to be their leader. That's their own decision and it's For our benefit as in Iraq and Syria to clear Syria from all terrorism and extremism organizations We have to have them back as a participant with the international community. I myself Invited the speaker in Syria To come to Iraq and visit Iraq in April to have a joint conversation with him at the parliament level and I extended an invitation to other Speakers of the neighboring countries to bring them all This way Syria will come back to the Arab League to the Arab world to the international be a Participant and effective participant in the international community So one more question about Iran is this is about Iran waivers and it's given the importance of Electricity to Iraq and to Baghdad in particular But also very important for business development in Iraq. Do you expect future waivers? from the United States on Iran sanctions to allow electricity development the situation in Iraq is Distinguished and different How to deal with Iran than any other countries dealing with Iran? 1,400 kilometers, that's our borderline with Iran We do not want any problems Between Iraq and Iran just like we don't want any problems between Iraq and Turkey or Iraq and Jordan or anybody else, but Unfortunately until now we Have not come up and stood up Economically in Iraq we are still importing power and electricity from Iran I Think 30% of what we use in Iraq is imported from the neighboring countries We even though we are an oil Producer, but we're still using how to burn gas associated with We still what is the alternative? We're still at a primitive use of that. What is the alternative if If we don't have Any sanctions associated with Iran on us we have a breather somehow we can use and The resources of Iraq We we are against all the sanctions by the way, but we are trying to have our own decision purely economic and and Sovereign economic From on from our own decision-makers Hopefully I think this waiver will be extended In order to allow Iraq to stand up on its feet economically until Until because the associated gas and oil it takes probably up to three years With this three years after this three years, maybe if we see and look at Iraq as economically independent And we don't need to import power or electricity from the neighboring country Maybe we can address this issue after three years But as of now we are working to have Iraq independently in economic aspect have a number of questions going back to the question of ISIS and One questioner says that some experts believe that Iraq is back to a pre-ISIS situation in terms of the resurgence of ISIS ideology and the question is Is what are the practical steps that are being taken to ensure that the concerns of the Sunnis are Taken into account that there is more inclusion Another related question is What would Iraq like other countries both Western and Middle Eastern countries to do in terms of taking back their citizens? Who were involved with ISIS and I would I would ask for your Assessment of what what is the magnitude of the problem of the ISIS fighters and their families who are detained in Iraq Iran in my electoral campaign in one of the largest provinces in Iraq in Ambar the people back then yes everybody had civic duties and responsibilities but We believe that all People have to contribute To build this Iraq and then the Iraqi Institutions would give everybody an equal right This has been somehow found in an ear To have everybody every component to have Participants in all the state institutions administrative security without being concerned or having disappointed as second-class Citizens there has been in the past or there had been somehow a partisan. It wasn't a sectarian Differences or discrimination, but rather partisan discrimination And some would have more influential in one party than others The shia were not somehow beneficiaries of that area in the past But purely and in fact they only worked from a partisan vision These conflicts the inac inac inequality Implementation of law on some and not others Services in support that go to one province and not the others and As well as international intervention Supporting one province not the others these problems created problems between the provincial administrations and The government the federal the federal government, but we are working on on that They They did not have a real representation For those components in those provinces or to Have a real partnership with their brethren provinces or at the external or international level Now currently we have to have a quality in this society To have a fair share for everyone so the components Should not feel that they are a second-class citizens none of them no component What differentiate One citizen from the other is his performance or her performance, but not the idea of that person Just like I mentioned before to stop somehow provoking and inciting The people who were oppressed someone who took advantage in abused the oppressors and This is what we want to stop because this is an incubator to destabilization of security in Iraq and in these provinces and regions whether it's a human or ideology or Finance or military I Don't expect anybody everybody even the countries around us now. It is our opportunity. I take responsibility as a speaker The MPs they all takes Responsibilities the prime minister the president of the Republic everyone has to take responsibility to establish a Civic Equality this phase is different than every phase before it's unprecedented The only thing that when Isis came in This came out positive out of the defeat of Isis because all Iraqis came as united They are united at One at one group. We don't have to go back to square zero We have to support the provinces equally and to stop funding the External ideology in all of Iraq like you said miss Nancy the foreign fighters anyone Militant militant that contributed or or Hurt Iraq is directly or indirectly Will face justice in Iraq and the Iraq key justice is Basically straight to the terrorism act some probably where Isis members outside of Iraq if they had impact or Directly were involved inside the Iraqi territory Will face justice in Iraq and I think the punishment is really really harsh Different than someone who is not in Iraqi citizens others Western Western Nationals they will be taken care by their own countries. I think What every everybody knows how to bring back their nationals and Iraq will be so careful in Taking to justice all these militants, but also their countries know exactly how to Apply their own laws and their own justice on on their own nationals who Who were members of this extremist organization that hurt Iraq we We will ask for compensation from foreign nationals who did hurt Iraq directly or indirectly this is a right for Iraqis to compensate Families who lost their properties who lost their Family members all because of this Isis Low on time and I want to squeeze in two more questions We have a number of questions related to the relationship between Baghdad and Erbil and And maybe you could comment on whether you think the new parliament will bring any Developments on the issue of article 140 and maybe you could just briefly say If you think it will and what 140 is and how that's important And then the second question and then the second question miss Nancy It's a question to the second question is a good question to end with okay. I will answer about okay The relationship between Baghdad and Erbil or Kurdistan it was somehow Now I think It's much much better than How it was before there is an intention in Baghdad to have an understanding With the IQR the Iraqi Kurdistan region and vice versa the same thing with relationship to all the everything since 2014 Every year we had problems with the budget with the federal budget because it's it was not clear Every year it comes back and revisit the same thing How can we have this? Positively impact either in Baghdad or the IQR Every now and there every year it will come back this but this year is much much better than everybody before We have somehow compromised From Baghdad to Erbil and Erbil gave some compromizations to Baghdad to agree as 2019 to have resolved all the outstanding problems between the two the biggest one is the oil Problem there's clear differences on the contracts in IQR for example the contracts are Our Partnership contracts in In Baghdad is like More than the partnership from Baghdad's point of view is the service how to Service these contracts. This is how we're gonna negotiate in the next phase as a political party or as a political Entity we have to work on that it will be always a problem But both sides they have to compromise in order to service the Iraqi people the Kurdistan people The intentions always there the intentions are always there to resolve these outstanding problems but I Think because the IQR now is busy of In their formation of their KRG the Kurdistan regional government After this hopefully before 2020 According to our schedule from Baghdad schedule and the IQR schedule point of view. We have to deal with this the 140 article by the Constitution with the CRR the Parliament has to create a committee to address these clearly there are still problems in these areas Service problems some of these areas Started to have problems after the liberation battle so how is it going to be approached addressed is the IQR will Contribute to the reference structure of these areas or the federal government. This is the Problem between this or that and these people are suffering because they have not received anything No infrastructure efforts from either one To provide these services for IDPs and bring the IDPs so the decision maker of Those 140 article or the people of these people how to implement This 140 article is this is how we are to address it in the next phase So I'm here mom. I'm a little walker I'm a little walker Well, who's coming I'm a little walker I'm a little walker The Iraqis I'm a little walker The Iraqis People who live in the Aspera. They have a clear and a good picture of Iraq Iraq. The sectarian aspect is much, much less outside Iraq. Even in Iraq in the past, as soon as they leave the Iraqi borders, even if they are in conflict between each other, as soon as they leave outside, in generally speaking, the environment is much, much, better. We just, we just live, there are so many tribes in Iraq, for example. They have, they are extended everywhere in Sunni areas and in Shia areas. The Iraqi community outside Iraq, they have somehow to reflect that image. They will contribute positively in the civil reconciliation in Iraq. Some of them are dignitaries, some of them are artists, some of them are singers, some of them, and in Iraq always remembers them and sees them as such to bring people who are influential, academic, academics or artists, always by, by media, people inside, they receive always a comforting message that we are with you from the Iraqi diasporas. They receive always messages that we are with you and in a positive way we are contributing. Tomorrow or the day after tomorrow, we have a conversation and a meeting with the Iraqi communities. Probably, we will have to address exactly the same thing. And we, this will contribute much, much faster than the media or than other channels to have it inside Iraq.