 Hello everyone, this is Mr. P. In today's lesson, we're going to take a look at Sentence starters. Yes, in essay writing. Let's start by first talking about what an essay is. Mmm, you don't know? Well, I'll give you the answer. An essay is a short piece of writing which is set around a specific topic or subject. This piece of writing will give information about the topic, but it will also give the author's opinion. So it will also give the author's opinion. That's very, very important. So now let's take a look at essay types. There are four important types of essay. There is argumentative essay, which it states and proves a point. Persuasive essay, it tries to convince the audience. Number three is expository essay. It explains something with facts and presents a solution. Number four, narrative essay. It tells a story with a purpose. Now we have other types of essays. There are less common ones. The one that compares and contrasts essay. And it's called compare and contrast essay. Descriptive essay. It puts a picture in your head. And the last one is cause and effect. It explains why and how something happens. Now that you have a clear picture of the essay types, we're going to look at the essay structure. So first, we have an introductory paragraph. Well, the introductory paragraph is subdivided into the following three main points. The first one is the hook. It catches the attention of the reader. Number two, or B, is background information. This can be the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth sentences of your introductory paragraph. The last sentence of your introductory paragraph is the most important one. It's called the thesis statement. If you don't have a thesis statement, you don't have an essay. Number two, body paragraph or body paragraphs. Why do I say that? Because a normal type of essay has three body paragraphs. But there can also be just one body paragraph. It depends on the essay. So the first sentence of your body paragraph is called the topic sentence. The second sentence and the third and the fourth, there can be detailed sentences with examples. And the last sentence of your body paragraph, of course, is called a conclusion sentence. So it draws a conclusion about the topic sentence. Now, the last paragraph of your essay, which can be the third paragraph or the fifth paragraph of your essay, is called the concluding paragraph. And again, it is subdivided in three parts. The first one, it paraphrases the thesis statement. Then we have the summary of the points you talked about in the body paragraphs. And the last point of your concluding paragraph is your opinion, your suggestion, or a prediction you make about the topic you talked about in your essay. Now that we have a clear picture of the structure of an essay, we're going to take a look at the most common sentences for essay use. I divided the sentences into seven groups. The first ones are general sentences. The second group is to introduce ideas or to introduce a topic. The third one is to conclude a paragraph or your idea. The fourth one is to compare and contrast. The fifth one is to give examples. The sixth is to show relationships or outcomes. And the seventh is to present prior or background ideas. Well, seriously, well, yes, you'll understand, Mr. P. So first stop, general sentences. Well, hello, Mr. P. Here we can say, we can start a sentence with, it can be argued that this is the most common one. Another point of view suggests that it can be seen that it may be that on the positive side, on the negative side. The next point that I want to mention is to try to avoid sentences that announce what you will discuss in your essay. Sentences such as this essay will discuss or this essay will be focused on etc etc. So now let's take a look at the second group to introduce. So we can say something like the definition of will be given or is briefly outline is explored etc etc. The issue focused on is demonstrated is included. These are all examples so you can use either or. The key aspect discussed or presented is justified. Views on range from is evaluated is examined or the central theme is described is analyzed emphasized are is explained and illustrated with examples. Now let's take a look at my example sentence. The issue focused on crime is demonstrated on the following points. So now to conclude we can write a sentence starting with in summary in brief to conclude. It has been shown that in conclusion to sum up to review to summarize thus hence in short. So an example could be in short crime is at a record low because our police force is at a record high. Group number four to compare and contrast similarly in comparison however and yet on the contrary whereas while this is the case in the same way complimentary to this this is in contrast to nevertheless on the other hand in contrast to disputes likewise then again in contrast conversely not withstanding that aside despite this and my example is likewise Detroit has seen violent crime rates experience a general decline since the early 2000 now the next point is to give examples and here there are tons tons of expressions so as you can see okay I wrote for example for instance specifically such as also furthermore next to more importantly than and so on I also provided some examples of sentences that can be used not at the beginning but in the middle of a sentence such as as it can be seen in or as demonstrated by these are all sentences or collocations that we can use when giving examples my example for this group is furthermore crime incidents at Metro are as frequent as disorderly conduct incidents so let's take a look at the next group to show relationships therefore hence the evidence adjust after examining considering etc etc as you can see we have also many many expressions that we can use to show relationship my example for this group is considering the nature of the crime it can be questioned that disproportionate force used to arrest the suspect now the last group to present background ideas in the past customarily prior to this previously conventionally initially until now historically etc etc my example for this group is in the past crime in Canada was measured by its effects well that's it for today yes that's me that's mr. P okay thank you very much for watching if you have any questions any other examples that you can give your fellow classmates please post them under this video if you haven't subscribed to my channel please do if you like the lesson hit on the like button please and you may share the lesson with your fellow classmates see you soon see you next time and good luck with your writing take care bye bye