 We all want to be part of the greeting, but I was going to do it in chimpanzee, but I was afraid if I did it wrong, I might be saying something offensive, since I don't know the language very well. I don't know if you'd like to tell us how it's properly done, would you? I will. Don't go away. I will tell you that there are two ways for a chimpanzee to greet. And one way is if he sees or hears a friend on the other side of a valley, like we might be standing here, and we'd see somebody right down at the bottom. And that is a greeting that has to carry. It has to reach from here to there. And that's what I'll do first, and that's the one you wanted to learn. I've got another one though, so don't go away. So that one, if you listen carefully, you'll hear that it's a, we call it a pantoute, because you know when a dog is tired, thirsty, he goes, So it's all one breath. So it goes like this, listen. And that means this is me, this is Jane. So can we all do that? Right? Come on. Right, perfect. Now, there's another greeting. Close up. It would be very rude to greet somebody that way. Close up. I mean, I guess opera singers do, but apart from that. So now here I am a female chimp, and I'm greeting a male chimp. So you're a male chimp right now. And I'm respectful of you because you're stronger than me, but we actually like each other. So I come up to you slightly, I'm on all fours, of course. So I'm slightly like bowing. And I'm making, this is the sound I'm making. You're completely quiet. I make the sound. So I come up like, and I'm making this sound. Okay, so that's how a female chimpanzee greets a male. And if we were two males and we were kind of squaring up to see, you know, who's dominant, we might be a little bit more aggressive and we might kind of be like this, you know. Okay, fine. So he learned pretty well, don't you think? So when I was growing up, I lived in England and we did not have very much money at all. There was a war, and my father was away fighting in the army, and I loved books. Now, can any of you imagine a world with no TV? I hadn't invented TV when I was your age. There was no TV. There was obviously no internet, no email, no Facebook, no tweets, no Twitter, none of that stuff. So because I loved animals, the only way I could learn about animals was through books. Does any of you know Dr. Dolittle? Yes, well, I loved Dr. Dolittle. And do you remember that Dr. Dolittle was taught animal language by his parrot, Polynesia? I wanted to learn animal language from a parrot, and I, well, of course, we couldn't have a parrot. And anyway, it's a bad thing to have a parrot, but anyway, I pretended to all my friends that I understood what the squirrels were saying, what the birds were singing about, and my friends believed me. And then when I was 10 years old, I always saved up my little bits of pocket money, and I would spend time in the secondhand bookshop. And I found a little book about this size, and I just had enough money to buy it. And it was called Tarzan of the Apes. You all know Tarzan, right? You know Tarzan from the movies and the TV, but this was from the book. Anyhow, it was when I read that book when I was 10 years old that I decided I know what I want to do when I grab. I'm going to go to Africa, I'm going to live with animals, and I'm going to write books about them. That was my dream. And everybody laughed at me. How would I get to Africa? There was a war raging. We didn't have any money. There were no planes going back and forth, and I was just a girl. And back then in England, girls didn't have those opportunities. So everybody laughed at me and said, Jane, why don't you get real? Why don't you dream about something you can achieve? Forget this nonsense about Africa, except my mother. And she said to me, Jane, if you really want something, you're going to have to work very hard. You're going to have to take advantage of opportunity and never give up. So that's the way I was brought up, and you know something? That's what I'm going to say to you. Maybe some of you have dreams. If you have a dream of something you want to do when you grow up and people laugh at you, don't listen to them. But remember, if you really want to do something, you're going to probably have to work very hard and take advantage of opportunities and never give up. So did I go straight from school out to Africa to study chimps? No. No. I couldn't go to university because we didn't have enough money. But I got a job in London as a secretary and saved up my money and saved up my money. And then I got a letter from a school friend inviting me to Kenya. And I still didn't have nearly enough money. And so I went home where I didn't have to pay rent and I worked as a waitress. And it was jolly hard work for about four months serving people's breakfast, lunch and dinner. Eventually I had enough money saved up for a return fare to Africa by boat. And then I got there, stayed with my friend, heard about Louis Leakey. And as many of you know, it was Louis Leakey who gave me the opportunity to go and learn about not just any animals, but chimpanzees, the animals most like us. And when I began studying the chimpanzees in 1960, nobody knew anything about chimps in the wild. I was so lucky because nobody knew anything. And the big problem, of course, at the beginning was that the chimps had never seen a white person before and they took one look and they would run off into the vegetation. And I was desperate because I knew that if I didn't see something exciting, the money would run out. We had money for just six months. And that would be the end of the whole dream. And then one chimpanzee, and I bet some of you know his name, it was David Greybeard. Right. You've done your homework. So it was David Greybeard who began losing his fear. And it was David Greybeard who one special day showed me that chimpanzees can use objects as tools. So I saw his hand reach out, break off a piece of grass, a stem, push it down into a termite mound, leave it for a moment, carefully pull it out. And all the soldier termites were biting on with their jaws, with their mandibles. And he picked them off with his lips and crunched them up. And I watched him doing this for a while. I couldn't see really clearly because he still wouldn't let me close. But I had my binoculars. And then I saw him reach out and pick a twig with leaves on it. So he couldn't use that as a tool until he very carefully removed the leaves and made a tool. And if you were to see an animal doing that today, it wouldn't be exciting at all. But back then it was exciting because at that time scientists believed only human beings could use and make tools. And so when I saw David Grabeard and then all his friends using and making tools, it was a very exciting time. And the National Geographic Society sent money so that I could carry on with the study after the first six months. So now we have been observing these chimpanzees for 55 years. Does anybody know how long a chimpanzee can live? Shout out something. At Gombe they can live to be around 60. We're still not sure because remember we've only been there 55 years. The oldest chimpanzee in captivity is 74. And she lives in Florida. It's kind of interesting because that's where lots of old people go to retire. So there is a little mama in Florida. I went to see her this spring. And so they have a very long life. And you know how your friends are all different, aren't they? They're not behaving in all the same way. Chimpanzees are exactly the same. They have their own personalities. They behave differently. Some are nice, some are nasty. And there are good mothers and bad mothers in chimp society, just as in human society. And we know that chimpanzees can be gentle and loving and compassionate. We also know they can be violent, aggressive, even have a kind of war. So they're just like us, aren't they? And we know today that in their biology they're more like us than any other living creature. You know what DNA is? Yes, well the DNA of humans and chimps is almost the same. It's just over 1% difference. And if you're interested in biology, then the way our blood is structured, the way our immune system works, we and the chimps almost identical. And if you look at a chimpanzee and a human brain, the structure, the anatomy, the way it's made is the same. It's just that ours is bigger. So we're so like them. Now I'm going to tell you a story and it's a very good story for this place. Because here we are in the middle of this beautiful redwood grove, of these young redwoods. But now let's imagine that we're not in this red grove here, but we're in Africa. We're in an African forest. And we're walking along and it's a bit like this. Branches overhead, little specks of sunlight on the ground like you see here. And we're following a narrow trail through the forest. And we're following a nine-year-old female, whom I called Pom, and her little kid brother. He's just three. He's still a bit unsteady on his feet. He ought to be riding on his mother's back, but he's decided he wants to follow his sister and behave like he's grown up. And the mother is behind us. And suddenly as we go along this trail, Pom, the nine-year-old, who's leading us, she stops, her hair starts to stand on end, which means she's excited or frightened, and she gives a little sound. And rushes up a tree. Well, little brother, maybe he didn't hear the sound. Maybe he doesn't know what it means. He carries on along the trail. And the closer he gets to this place where she's still staring, the more worried she becomes. Every hair bristles with fright. She gets this huge grin of fear on her face. And finally, she can't bear it any longer. And she rushes down the tree. She picks up her little brother and she climbs back into the tree. And down there, coiled up beside the trail, is a very big poisonous snake. So there are many stories like that of chimpanzees helping each other. And the bonds between family members are very, very strong. And they can last all through life. So we even have a 50-year-old female running in to help her grown-up son when he gets into problems and he's being attacked by two other males. His ancient mother with teeth worn to the gums comes to help him. And that's a good supportive mother for you. So now we're actually able to observe the grandchildren and even two great-grandchildren of the females I knew so well back in 1960. I'm not there at Gompe anymore. Does that mean that we've finished studying these chimpanzees? No. We have a research team there. And I get there twice a year for a few days. But I'm not doing the research anymore. And the reason I left Gompe is because in 1986 I found that chimpanzee numbers were dropping all across Africa. And they were dropping because they were losing their forests, they were being cut down, because human populations were growing and moving into chimp habitat, because chimpanzee mothers were being shot so that their babies could be stolen and sold. And because it was the beginning of what we call the bushmeat trade and that is the commercial hunting of wild animals for food. So I had to try and help the chimps. That's when I began travelling around the world talking about all these different problems, all the things we do to harm the world. And one of the worst of them, for me, is cutting down the forests. I mean, don't you think it would be sad if these beautiful trees were all cut down? And it would be especially sad if you were living here. Suppose you lived here and suddenly all your home is gone. That's what's happening all over Africa, all over Asia, all over Latin America, all over North America, forests are disappearing. And I have a special feeling for Redwoods because with a man called Mike Fay for a National Geographic article, I spent two days with him walking through the Redwoods and he walked through the Redwood Belt all the way along the coast of California and up into Canada. And I spent two of those days camping in a tiny little tent and he was telling me all about the Redwoods and all about the fact that their wood never rots and I felt the magic of the forest. So if you have a chance to be very quiet when you're perhaps here with your family, just sit very quietly under these amazing trees. It's almost as though they're talking to you. It's almost as though they're sharing their secrets if you bother to try and listen to what they're saying and it will have to be your imagination but your imagination can work really well. So I love trees. I loved being in the rainforest with the chimpanzees. I loved learning about the chimps, yes. But I also love this feeling of being in the rainforest where everything is interconnected and where everything relies on something else to keep alive. And you know, we all need plants, even animals that eat other animals, eat other animals who've eaten plants. If the plants disappear, there's nothing left. We can't live. If poison that we spray on our agricultural fields and other places, if we continue to do that, we're destroying the bees and the bees pollinate the plants. And if the plants don't get pollinated, they will go away. So we have to stop poisoning. We have to stop poisoning the plants and the land. We have to stop cutting down the forest. We have to stop polluting the rivers and the ocean to make this a better world. When I started Roots and Chutes, which is about 25 years ago, it was because I met a lot of young people a bit older than you, mostly high school or university, but I found that many of them were, they didn't seem to have much hope for the future. They were not seeming to care much about anything. Or they were depressed, or they were angry. And when I began talking to them, and this is all over the world, they all said, well, you grown up people, you've harmed our future, and there's nothing we can do about it. So I don't know if, do any of you, do any of you ever think about what's happening in the world and how we're harming nature so much? Does anybody think about that? And a lot of people feel there's nothing we can do about it. But that's, I don't believe that's true. There are scientists who will tell you it's too late. We can't change anything. We've got climate change. The surface of the globe is warming up. It's too late to do anything about it. I don't think it's too late. I think there's a window of time that we can start to change things around. That's what I'm fighting for. But if young people don't grow up to look after what we're saving better than we have, then what's the point of my bothering with anything? What's the point of creating a garden, a beautiful botanical garden like this, one of the best in the world if people are going to come along and chop it down? But you see, what we hope is that if you spend time here, if you come back with your family, if you learn about the plants and then the relationship of the plants with the animals, do you want people to come and cut these trees down? It doesn't sound very definite. Would you be angry if people came and cut these trees down? That's better. Because I'd be angry and when you join roots and shoots, then you can do something about it. And today you have a better chance of doing something about it than I would have had at your age. Because supposing you here, from your parents or from the people here, well, the government wants to come, they need this place and they're going to cut down all the trees. You feel angry. Well, in the old days you couldn't have done that much about it, but now you can, because we've got all our little electronic gadgets. So you can send out a message, you can tweet or Twitter or use Facebook or something like that, and tell all your friends, will you help me to stop the trees being cut down? Will you help me write letters? Will you help me come and do a demonstration? And they can send tweets and Twitter out to all their friends, and they can send tweets and Twitter out to all their friends, and you all know what it means going viral. So your little message starting here can eventually go out right across the United States and even other places. And you can get enough people to stand up or whoever wants to cut the trees down to stop them doing it, because that will be the will of the people. That means that your voice is so powerful today. So that's one of my reasons for hope. And Roots and Chutes is about you choosing projects that you want to do. So if you join Roots and Chutes, the main message you've already heard is that each single one of you makes a difference every single day. We all have some role to play, and we may feel, well, there's not much that I can do. I'm just one person. But if you're part of Roots and Chutes, there are millions of people just like you all doing the same thing. So if you collectively all save water, think how much water you can save. If you collectively all turn electric lights off, well, you can save a huge amount of electricity and you can also influence your parents to recycle and stuff like that. Roots and Chutes will choose a project to help people. They'll choose a project to help other animals and they'll choose a project to help the environment and you get to choose what you want to do. So you come here, you learn about the plants and the animals, you go back to school and you say, let's do a Roots and Chutes group and what should we do? Well, you're certainly going to want to learn more about what goes on here and you probably want to learn more about whatever animal you've been given that I can see all kinds of different animals here. So Roots and Chutes is also about having fun. If you don't have fun, the program will die. And Roots and Chutes is about hope. And there is hope. You're the hope. You're my hope. Everywhere I go in the world, I find young people like you wanting to tell Dr. Jane about what they've been doing. So if I come back here in a year, you'll be able to tell me what you've been doing to make this a better world. And it'll be different from your three schools, you'll be doing different things, but you'll be doing something you care about and you're passionate about because otherwise you won't bother to do it at all and you won't be helping to save the world. So my reasons for hope are all of you. My reason for hope is this amazing brain that we've got. Think of the inventions that people are making that will allow us to live in peace with the natural world and with each other. My reason for hope is the resilience of nature. A place can be destroyed and we give it some time and some help and it can once again become beautiful. And then there's what I call the indomitable human spirit. People who try to do something and everybody says, you can't do that. And yet there are people who say, where's Susanna? Can I have Mr. H? Mr. H is my symbol for the indomitable human spirit. Mr. H was given to me 29 years ago by a man who went blind. He was in the U.S. Marines, very brave. He was with the helicopters and he went completely blind. And for some peculiar reason, he decided he wanted to become a magician. Imagine a blind man being a magician. Everybody said, well, Gary, his name's Gary Horn. Gary, you can't be a good magician if you're blind. And he said, well, I can try. And if he was standing here, you would not know he's blind. I can guarantee I've watched him. He is amazing. And when he finished his show, he would say to you, you know, something might go wrong in your life because we never know. But if it does, don't give up. There's always some way forward. And he does scuba diving. He does cross-country skiing. He does skydiving. Can you imagine jumping out of an aeroplane into pitch blackness? And he thought he was giving me a stuffed chimpanzee for my birthday. Why isn't this a chimpanzee? Yes, because he's got a tail. So I made Gary hold the tail. And he said, well, never mind. Take him where you go and you know my spirit's with you. So he's been with me to 65 countries. And he's been touched by about 4 million people because I say the inspiration rubs off. So afterwards, if you want to come and be inspired, you can come and touch him. Actually, yes. So I think that there are some questions that you want to ask. And I will try my best to answer them. Other than sticks, do chimpanzees use other tools and how? Very good question. Yes, they use twigs and they use big sticks. They also, if there's water in a hole in a hollow in a tree trunk, which they can't reach with their lips, they crumple up leaves, they chew them, makes them into a kind of sponge, and then they can dip it in and suck the water out and dip it in and suck the water out. And they also, I'm afraid, use rocks as weapons and throw them and they've got pretty good aim. And we do not like the chimps that throw rocks. They don't all throw rocks. And so they also use leaves as napkins. So if I have mud or blood or something on my shoulder, they wipe it clean with leaves. And if they saw you with mud on you, they might wipe you clean with leaves, too. So they're very inventive. And there's one group of chimpanzees and they love eating this long weed on the top of a river, but they don't want to get all wet in the water. So they get this long stick and they put it in and they lift it up and it's like spaghetti and they slurp it in, okay? Do you remember the sounds you heard and the feelings you had the first night you slept in the African rainforest? The first night was so magical. I remember when I arrived, climbing a little way up above the camp once we got the tent up. And first of all, I heard the crickets calling. And then there were some baboons barking. They were barking at me because they didn't like me being there. And it's kind of a bark, boggy sound. I heard that. But then during the night I heard the wind moving in the palm fronds very gently. I heard the little sounds of bats. I heard a bush baby and that was about what I heard that first night. I love the sounds of the forest. A bird singing. I forgot about the birds singing in the evening. Very beautiful. What did you learn from the mother chimpanzees to help you be a mother? Great question. What I learned is you need a lot of patience because your little children can become a nuisance sometimes. And chimpanzee mothers almost never stop being patient. They're very clever. If the child is doing something that it shouldn't be like exposing your fishing for termites. Look, if you're fishing for termites and your child is a little infant is trying to grab the tool all the time, it's very annoying. But the mother doesn't punish the child. Instead she'll reach out and start tickling. And the little child will start laughing and forget all about grabbing mommy's tool. So I learned about being patient. I learned about distracting. And I learned to be supportive of my child. Because I've got one son. Good question. What can we learn from chimpanzees? Well, we can learn an awful lot. And we certainly can learn how much like them we are. And the fact that, you know, we're not so different from the rest of the animals. I was told when I went to university that I couldn't talk about animals having personalities. I couldn't talk about them having minds that can solve problems. And I absolutely couldn't talk about them having emotions like happiness, sadness, fear and so forth. But I had learned that even though these professors knew so much more about science than I did, I had been taught that they were wrong about this by my dog. Rusty, my dog had taught me, of course animals have personalities and minds and feelings. And so eventually, because the chimps are so like us, we went through and now people understand that we're not the only creatures on the planet with personality, mind and above all feeling. And we now know about the intelligence of many different kinds of animals like elephants. Now we know about the intelligence of birds and we even know how amazingly intelligent octopus are. So we learn a new respect for the other amazing animals with whom we share the planet. We also learn, by the way, from the chimps what it is that makes us most different. And what makes us most different, I think, is the fact that our brains have become so big and our intellect is so amazing. And so it's very weird, isn't it, that with this amazing brain, we're destroying our only home because there's only this planet any good to live on. Chimps taught us that too. Why did, wait, do you think chimps are treated fairly in zoos and in gumby? I think in gumby we don't really treat them, they just live wild. Some zoos are really good. Some zoos provide chimps with a lot of enrichment. That means they give them a lot to do because they get bored. If you were shut in a small cage with one other person for years, you'd be bored, right, if you had nothing to do. You'd be bored stiff. Chimps get bored and then they get strange behaviors. So a zoo can be a nice big group with a lot of space, a lot of things to do, but there are zoos where chimps are in these small cages with cement floors, and that's horrible. And in medical research it's even worse. They can be in a cage measuring five foot by five foot. That's about between us, oh, smaller, about like this. And you can be in there for 30 years, a little cage like that. Isn't that horrible? We shouldn't do it, should we? And you guys are going to stop that sort of thing ever happening again. What's your favorite activity when you were younger? Favorite activity before I went to Gombe was, well, what I still am one of my favorite activities is going for walks with a dog. People think my favorite animal is a chimpanzee. Actually, chimpanzees are too like people. I don't think of them as animals. My favorite animal is a dog. I love dogs because they do so much for us. Our project is Keith Pegenberger Loop Clean, and one of White House's guiding principles is to respect our environment. And we are currently not seeing that so well, so we came up with this project. Our project has two parts. First, we want a clean school campus and surrounding street by regularly maintaining a litter-free landscape. Second, we want our K-12 school community so that whenever they see litter, they will be empowered to pick it up and dispose of it properly. They will recognize this as matter out of place. We are currently in the process of researching trash picking up tools and creating schedule. Thank you. Saving water through rain catchment. We wish to raise awareness about the precious, natural resource that water is and teach people how to conserve water. We want our community to reduce water usage by showing them how to use water drums to collect water when it rains. We are building a model of our school to show how this works. We then will build an actual water collection system. And a question from Lighthouse. This is a question. We learned that your favorite animal is a dog. If you can have a second life, would you like to be a chimpanzee or a dog? It would depend where the chimpanzee is living and with whom the dog was living. But I think a dog with a really good owner who is free to run in the fields or the garden and gets his nice food and has a companion owner who loves him and whom he loves. I think a dog would have the wonderfulest time. Whatever happened to the chimp who attacked you, did he ever show affection for you? Frodo, you're talking about Frodo, right? Frodo, when he attacked, I wouldn't really call it attack. It seemed like an attack. He hit me. He occasionally dragged me. He stamped on me, so it looks like an attack. He's actually only trying to prove he's the boss. And I kept saying, Frodo, I know you're stronger than me. I'm absolutely prepared to defer to you. But nevertheless, every time he saw me when I'd been away and I came back, he wanted to prove he was top dog or top chimp. And the thing is, if it had been a real attack, I wouldn't be here now because they're eight times stronger than me, maybe 10 times stronger than me. That's the last time we've ever had. So he could easily have killed me, but he didn't want to kill me. He just wanted to prove he was the boss. He proved it. When you were a kid, what did you do with your... If you had friends, what would you do with them in your free time? In my free time, I tried to... Well, I organized a magazine and it was a magazine at school and I collected up people's essays or drawings, pictures, questions, that sort of thing. When it was in the holidays, which of course I liked, much better than school, then I had something I called the Alligator Club and it was all about nature. So what I tried to do with my friends was go out into nature with them and then we'd get back together afterwards and write little stories about what we'd seen and that sort of thing. But we also had a lot of fun climbing into difficult places and doing things our parents wouldn't have liked at all if they'd know we were doing it. In other words, we had a lot of fun, but all outdoor fun. How exactly do you communicate with the chimpanzee and how many different sounds did you learn? I never have communication. You're talking about the sign language. I wasn't involved in that program, but the chimpanzees can learn 400 or more signs. And some people ask about, I know the sounds they make in the wild. We don't communicate with them in the wild, we just understand. When we're looking after the little orphans whose mothers have been shot, we have to know those sounds to make them feel more at home. But because the chimps have learned this sign language in captivity, we know an awful lot more about chimps than we wouldn't have known otherwise. And for example, some of them love to paint. And the ones who've learned sign language will sometimes tell you what it is that they've painted. Even if it doesn't look like that, they're telling you what they've painted. And the other creature that communicates with us in captivity with words, not signs but words, are parrots. And I'm going to tell you a story about parrots that I think will amaze you. And this is, you can go and sit down if you like, or you can stand here, I don't mind, whichever you like. This is a woman who always wanted to have a parrot. And she spent a long time going around all the different breeding places. This was not a parrot taken from the wild, and it's not a good idea to have a parrot. She gave up her life when she got that parrot. She is 24 hours a day with the parrot. You can't have a parrot and leave it. So it's not a good idea to have a parrot at all. But she decided, well, everybody gets a parrot and they teach the parrot to say a word. They repeat the word. If the parrot repeats it, then they're given a reward. But your mother doesn't do that with you when she was teaching you to talk. She just talked to you. You won't teach your children by sitting them in front of a dish saying dish, dish, dish, and giving them a spoonful when they say dish. You talk to them and they talk back. So this parrot began talking and this parrot is called Nkisi. And I heard about this parrot. And the first time I went to see him, he was sitting up on top of his cage and he'd been shown books about me and he'd seen a video. And do you know what he said to me when I walked through the door? That's Jane. Got a chimp. That's what he said to me. And then so she gave him lots of... You know those toys you give kids? It's a sort of board, electronic. And you press a button that says A and it says A is for Apple. B is for Ball. And then little mechanical toys that run along. You know about those sort of toys. Well, this woman also had a pet iguana and it died and she was very upset and she had it lying on the ground with a long-shaped box. She was going to give it a burial. And Nkisi, the parrot, was looking and he came over to see what was happening and he spent a little bit of time looking. And do you know what he said? Try a new battery. I mean, so this makes you understand that when you just see a bird and you think, well, it's just a bird. They're amazing beings, chickens. I don't know what you think about chickens but if you keep chickens you find that everyone has a personality and they're amazing. Lynn keeps chickens and Lynn could come and tell you one day in your Roots and Chutes group all about her chickens and they're amazing personalities and that sort of thing. I also know that octopus are very intelligent too and if you don't believe me, when you get home, Google octopus and coconut shell. Just Google that and see what happens. You'll get one and a half minutes and it'll make you laugh and you'll also be amazed. Octopus and coconut shell. You can remember that. Do you miss a fifi from Gombi? Well, I often think of fifi but I miss the times I spent with her. I miss being with her and learning so much and she was a very, very special, special chimp and it was so sad when she died and her last born child died with her. We don't know what happened but I miss David Grabey more than any other and I don't know, did you read about Mr. McGregor? I miss him in Goliath and I knew them so well in those days. It's like missing people. How did you know if a monkey was laughing or how did you know? How did they speak? You mean a chimpanzee, right? You know the difference. Monkeys have tails and apes don't, right? That's chimpanzees, gorillas, bonobos, orangutans and do you know where apes to humans are apes? Did you know that? We are, we're classified, we're in the same sort of family anyway because when they're laughing they sound like this sound like laughing and they do that when they're being tickled when they're chasing each other around and around a tree they're laughing and you want to know, okay I'll tell you one last story because then there isn't time for anything else I'll tell you one last story people often ask me if the chimps, the apes have a sense of humor and I know they do but there's one story and it comes from the gorilla Coco which some of you may have read about and she learnt sign language so one day a new young assistant came into the place where Coco lived and she was told just be with Coco while we make her dinner so Coco had just been learning all the different colours and she learnt green and grey and yellow and blue and all these different colours so the young woman was just talking with her and she would pick up something what colour is this and Coco would sign blue then she picked up something else and Coco would sign yellow and then she picked up something else and Coco would sign beige or something like that and then she picked up a completely white cloth just very very white and she asked Coco what colour is it and Coco signed red and she said Coco you know that's not right what colour is this and Coco signed red and this young woman thought Coco was teasing her because she knew Coco knew and so she said Coco if you don't tell me what colour this is this is the colour of the supper so Coco reached out she took the white cloth she picked off a tiny piece of red fluff and she went red red red that's a good story to end on by the way I loved your roots and shoots projects and clearing up trash is so important and saving water especially you know that here in California is so so important because we wasted water too long and of course the trees and the forest play a hugely important role in helping us to keep water on the planet so that's another reason why the forests are so important water