 This article reviews the toxic effects of common heavy metals, such as mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium and arsenic, on human health through exposure via water, air and food. The bioaccumulation of these metals leads to a variety of toxic effects on body tissues and organs, including disruption of cellular events like growth, proliferation, differentiation, damage repairing processes, and apoptosis. The mechanisms of action for heavy metal toxicity involve ROS generation, weakening of the antioxidant defense, enzyme inactivation, and oxidative stress. Some heavy metals have selective binding to specific macromolecules, such as leads interaction with amino-levelinic acid dehydratase and ferrokeletase. These toxic metals can also cause genomic instability and carcinogenicity through defects in DNA repair following oxidative stress and DNA damage. Despite current knowledge of heavy metal hazards, the incidence of poisoning remains significant and requires preventive and effective treatment, including chelation therapy for metal management. This article was authored by Madi Bilali Mood, Cobra Nazari, Zoya Tahrgarabi, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.