 such as these, the Royal Highnesses, Bundespräsident Oli Maurer, distinguished heads of state, heads of government, Excellencies, dear friends. A very cordial welcome to the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum 2019. Welcome to the summit at the beginning of the year to look at the state of the world and to work together to improve the state of the world. We are here a true multi-stakeholder community. I welcome particularly our business community, our partners, our members. I thank you for your engagement and for your loyalty. I welcome very cordially the representatives of international organizations and governments who are here in a record number. I welcome, very important for the forum, the representatives of civil society, the NGOs, the cultural leaders, the Red Union leaders. Very important, the participation of scientists of experts. And Sisiir, again, we have the participation of the young generation of social entrepreneurs. And I'm so pleased that we have social entrepreneurs, as you will see, and global shapers, young global leaders to be the co-chairs of this meeting. With half of the population below 27 years old, we have to listen to the young people and start what we will do during this meeting. This meeting is not only a multi-stakeholder meeting, it's also a multidisciplinary meeting. We want, at the beginning of the year, to look at all the global challenges and you have seen them in the introductory film. And to look at those challenges in a systemic way. It's very important to see the interconnections, the world and the issues are interdependent. For this reason, we have 400 different sessions, 200 sessions which are related to specific outcome-oriented work streams of the world economy forum. This meeting is also a truly global meeting. And I'm very pleased that we have record participation from emerging nations. I welcome particularly the strong Chinese delegation here. This meeting is also different because we want to use our energy and shape the future. We want to be future-oriented and not absorbed just by crisis management. Too much of the global energy at this moment is going into crisis management. But we are at crossroads of history, of humanity. We have now to shape the future and that's what we will do over the next four days. We are also purpose-oriented and our purpose of our presence here, of our work is encapsulated into the theme of this annual meeting which is globalization 4.0, shaping the global architecture for the age of the forced industrial revolution. I want to make a differentiation between globalization and globalism. Globalization is a fact. Globalization will increase. We are part of a global community. We are interconnected. And particularly in the digital world which doesn't know boundaries, our global interconnectedness will increase. Globalization is different. Globalization is the philosophy with which we approach globalization. The World Economic Forum never stood for unfitted globalization. We feel that globalization 4.0 has to be more human-centered because we are now, in some way, in a battle between robots and humankind. We don't want to become slaves of the new technologies. So globalization has to aim at being human-centered. But globalization has also, globalization 4.0 has also to be more inclusive. Let's not forget, multilateralism has helped to lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. But today, we cannot afford anymore to leave people behind in the age of social media and if we take our consciousness of social justice. But very important, globalization 4.0 has also to be much more sustainable. This is the reason why we put so much emphasis on environmental issues during this meeting. And let me close just saying, we need also a remoralization of globalization to recreate a values-based approach to globalization. I now have the great honor to welcome the President of Switzerland, Mr. Oli Maurer. The Federal President has been a member of the Swiss Federal Council for over 10 years. You came for the first time seven years ago. At that time, you were Minister of Defense. Today, you come as a Minister of Finance. For me, you are a kind of symbol. A symbol of how one combines the old with the new. In your New Year's address, this is the point you made. We've got to be able to create bridges. And Switzerland is well-known as the country, which is able to do just that. And on the basis of its values, it tries to create bridges. And in this context, I would like to thank you and the Federal Council, as well as the Count of Graubünden and the municipal authorities of Devils for the hospitality that you have extended for so many years. And I'm sure that that has contributed massively to our success. I'd also like to include in our thanks the hundreds and thousands of people who really make our lives here so productive and so safe and secure. Mr. Federal President, may I ask you to come forward and address us in order to hold the opening speech. Professor Schwab, Excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of the Swiss Government, allow me to welcome the World Economic Forum here in Switzerland and more specifically here in Devils. You are our guest and it is an honour for us and it is wonderful for us to be able to welcome you in our snowy mountains. The CF has been one of the most important platforms for the economy, for society and politics for a long time. The fact that we have an opportunity to engage in discussions with one another over the next few days can be traced back to the initiative of one man. Professor Schwab, you have managed to realise your vision and you have created a unique network. Dear Mrs. Schwab, I'd like to thank you personally but also on behalf of the Swiss Government and on behalf of us all. And I'd like to thank you on behalf of the thousands of participants for this initiative. What you have achieved is to be able to organise a meeting without a hidden agenda and in an independent and balanced way in a neutral place, in a neutral Switzerland and to allow us to be able to develop personal contacts here. And it is these personal meetings and contacts which will allow us to contribute to a better understanding of one another. The World Economic Forum has been fulfilling for the last 50 years the clear and growing needs of us all and that is all the more amazing as the World Economic Forum has been able to develop its important role in spite of the fact that there is an incalculable number of other private and state-based forum at all levels in the world. Globalisation 4.0 The Fourth Industrial Revolution Our day-to-day lives, our politics, our economics in fact society at large are all influenced by the galloping pace of technological change. Now although new technologies offer us immense opportunities and give birth to dreams at the same time they raise uncertainties and many people are worried by these developments. The World Economic Forum has been looking at these issues in particular. A few keywords I have just mentioned are well known in Switzerland. After all we have an innovative and competitive economy. Our universities and colleges of technologies of excellent level as well as an integrated economy in global networks are driving forces for the new technologies. Together with the scientific and business community the government attaches much importance to creating a favourable environment to the dynamic development which is important for businesses as well as the Swiss population. We think that we are able to make an appreciable contribution to global growth and in particular with our business partners throughout the world. And if I could just paraphrase Albert Einstein when he once said those who say it cannot be done should not interrupt those who are busy doing it. I further important element in how we are dealing with the new phase of globalization is our political system of direct democracy which always forces us to engage with the population. We thereby define a common path for future development. For example, in a popular vote held a few years ago Swiss voters rejected an initiative to give everyone an extra week of vacation because more vacation is not the answer to the new challenges in working life. The right answer is the will to perform and adapt. That is our understanding and those are our values. That is what we are building on. Also the dialogue between elites and the people is important. I'm talking specifically about dialogue and definitely not about the monologue from top to bottom. The democratic process can take a long time but they lead to balanced solutions and acceptance of the results. In addition, we all struggle to find balance in our daily lives, in our families, in the political field and in the business world. Switzerland is an open economy. We want free and fair trade in goods and services. We are also open to a free exchange of opinions. New ideas must be discussed and tested. We reject dictates. The most used word in our constitution is freedom. We are proud of that. But freedom is most of all a duty. We are free to assume responsibility for ourselves and others. We are looking now forward to the 2019 World Economic Forum, the candid discussions in freedom among equals. Let us build the future based on our values, making wise use of new technologies. Personal relationships are probably our most important tools today. They open doors. Let us open them together. I wish you good days in Switzerland. Have fun and pleasure. Thank you for your coming. Thank you very much, Bundespräsident Ullimar. We proceed now with the introduction of our co-chairs actually. I would like to start with Satya Nadella, who, together with me, even much more represents the older generation here on this stage, but you represent business, and I think we couldn't have found someone representing business also particularly in its positive form. You have revitalized Microsoft. You are known for your modest management style, and you are particularly known for your social responsibility and taking care also of issues outside your narrow, very business interests. I could introduce, I had the opportunity to meet the Global Shapers. I was very impressed by all the stories behind. I could introduce you, but I think it's much better you introduce yourself very shortly, and if you know the motto or the purpose of the forum is improving the state of the world, and if you also say some words, how you improve the state of the world, and after the introduction, Satya will take over and the discussion, and we will hear particularly from you what you propose to the other leaders here in the room how to improve the state of the world. Now, Basima, do you want to start? I just want to say you are coming from Iraq. Present yourself, please. Thank you, Professor Schwab. Thanks for the forum for this opportunity. My name is Basima Abdu-Rahman. I am a Global Shaper from Erbil, Iraq. I have started the first green building company in Iraq, and the idea of starting this initiative first dawned on me when I was back in August 2014. On the night when the terrorist group called ISIS, also known as Daesh, occupied some of the main big cities in Iraq, I still had another semester to finish my graduate degree in the States. On that night, I couldn't sleep. I feared for my family and country, and I felt ashamed and sad by the news. Then suddenly, without warning, clarity comes over me in a way that I haven't experienced before. I am overwhelmed by the lucidity I feel. I decided to go back to Iraq in this critical time to do something positive and impactful. So, that's what inspired me to start CESC. Since we are going to address how my business is addressing the challenges of the globalization 4.0, we have 12 years to limit the climate change catastrophe, and since buildings emit one-third of the greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change, designing them to meet sustainability features is one of the key strategies to combat this big challenge we are facing today. Since I am coming from Iraq, which is a country that's been going through decades of war, sectarian conflict, and dictatorship, we are finally on the brink of a new era to rebuild our country and economy. $100 billion is the estimated budget to rebuild Iraq, so we want to make sure that the service is available on the ground to build and invest green and sustainably. So, this is my mission, how we're trying to address the globalization 4.0. Thank you. Juan David, you are coming from Colombia. Yes. Thank you, Professor, for the invitation, and thank you, all of you, in advance, because I know for sure that at Friday afternoon, we are going to have some solutions for what is happening to the world. So, thank you. I am from Colombia, from the Coffee Region of Colombia, and my grand-grandparents, they have this entrepreneurial spirit, so they started a coffee business, like a century ago, and they started to export. They were very, very prosperous. They created wealth for them, for their family, and for the community. But when I was 15 in our hometown, what happened was the prices of coffee were so low. They were going down. The commodity prices were so low. So, we started to see what happened when a community depends on a community. People were losing their jobs. People were migrating to the States, to Spain. So, I started to see what happened when you have these beautiful green hills coming like a ghost town. So, then I decided like I want to do something because we have this abundance mindset that was not working for us. We have to change to a productivity and sustainability mindset. It was not the price of coffee, it was the external forces were not the fault of what is happening to us. We were the ones who created that situation because we were not ready. So, the last few years I have been working to engage people, young people, to teach them and to equip them with the skills that they are going to need for the future. We use entertainment, we use technology, and of course we use education. But I think all of you know that we have a learning crisis. Young people are not learning what they need. Today, each month, 10 million young people are graduating from high school and what are the 10 jobs for those young people? So, we have a problem right now in the education system because people are not learning. But here you have people with dreams but they don't have the right skills to fulfill those dreams. So, when we are talking about our situation right now, the globalization, we have to understand that we have to fix the learning system. If we don't change the education system in the world, I think we are going to have a huge humanitarian crisis and an economic crisis. People are feeling that they are getting behind and I think we can solve that. Because I think, you know, when we talk about machines, I think machines are fast but humans are creative. Machines, they could tell us about the past but as humans, I think we can build the future and I think that's what we should discuss this week. How can we build a future where we have the learning system that works for everyone? Thank you, Juan David. And Noura, you are the representative of the global shapers here from Europe. I just would like to say one word. So, six global shapers are part of a community which now counts nearly 10,000 young people who want to construct a better future organized in the World Economic Forum Global shapers community represented in 400 different cities in the world. But Noura, the floor is yours. Thank you, Professor Schwab and thank you for the invitation. My name is Noura Beruba. I'm 24 years old. I come from Stockholm in Sweden and I'm a global shaper. I want you for one second to look at the walls next to you or any walls and imagine all the people that are outside of these halls. The billions of people that we just saw on the screen were facing struggles or part of our communities and I want you to think these are not threats, these are not problems, these are change agents and opportunities and if we want to create a world where we tackle our common challenges we need to work with the people outside of these halls. I believe in the power of people and I believe in a society where everyone is empowered to shape their own life and that of their community and society and because of that I'm proud to be running a youth parliament which is a youth-led, volunteer-led organization in 40 countries in Europe where we work to give young people access, tools, information and inspiration to take on their societies, to shape their societies, to become change agents, to be given agency because when I look outside of these halls that's what I see. I don't see problems, I see opportunities and what we do practically is we believe in active citizenship education and we believe in civic education and we are not doing enough to give people the tools to engage in politics, to engage in business. I also believe in friendships across borders. My region, Europe right now we might think it's one of the most peaceful regions in the world but historically we've been a region of hostilities and conflicts and maldourishment so it's important to not forget where we came from so every day we work to bring young people together across borders Ukrainians and Russians people from Azerbaijan and Armenia Cypriots from both the Turkish and the Greek Cypriots side because we believe that young people today they must see also from other nations as friends and every year young people between the age of 16 and 25 organize 600 projects bringing together 30,000 people where they equip each other with these tools where they see each other as opportunities where they mobilize each other and I know that politics is personal from personal experiences I know that conflict is personal but it needs a political solution I know that food security is a political and a personal issue and we need to make sure that everyone in the world realizes that they have a stake in politics and in shaping their societies I want you to continue this mindset of seeing people as opportunities throughout the week and joining us in the European Youth Parliament and in civil society across Europe and beyond to lift people into empowerment and give them agency Thank you, Noura Julia, you are coming from Chicago Yes Hi everyone, I'm Julia Lescom I'm from the great city of Chicago and I'm director of strategic initiatives at Feeding America we're a non-profit working to end hunger in the United States through a nationwide network of food banks I've gotten to spend a lot of time with this inspiring group and it really strikes me that we share a common purpose which is to live fulfilling lives help others to live fulfilling lives and to steward the planet and growing up in the United States it's been relatively easy for me to live a fulfilling life I grew up in a successful loving family that set me on a path for an excellent education and everything that comes with that but growing up in Chicago I also saw how that many people were being left behind there was the time I met Maria a second grader at a volunteer event who told me that the lunch at school would likely be the only meal she would get to eat that day the street I grew up on on my side had only white people and on the other side of the street an affordable housing complex had only black people these were just a few of early exposures I had growing up in a big city to the deep-seated systemic inequities that I continue to see in my community my country and the world I'm sure you see them too day in and day out and like me you must wonder and constantly ask the question what would I want the world to look like if I was born into different circumstances what supports would I want to be available if my situation changed and me or someone I was close to fell on hard times what systems and processes would I want to be in place if I like my fellow co-chair Muhammad was a refugee and didn't have a passport I am committed to using my place of privilege to drive greater equity and empower others to live fulfilling lives and I'm so fortunate I get to do that today in my work at Feeding America we serve the 40 million people in the United States that are facing hunger even in the richest country in the world one in eight people and one in six children do not have the food they need to thrive and this is despite plenty of food being available last year Feeding America rescued 3.5 billion pounds of food prevented it from going to waste and provided it to people in need and there's more out there 40% of the food we produce in the United States goes to waste we need to drive a more sustainable and equitable global architecture that should be our priority it's the priority of the young people we're representing here today we need to make sure all food produced is put to good use we need to focus on the most vulnerable populations and develop solutions targeted them and the communities they live in this is something I'm passionate about as well food insecurity in the US varies significantly by population and community rural communities in the US in some cases one in three people are food insecure there's populations that are particularly disadvantaged seniors, the disabled children we serve 12 million children each year with solutions targeted to meet them where they are at home and at school and this is what will drive a more equitable future and I'm this is around the world and it's a pressing issue and we know that to create the more equitable future that our generation desires we need to make sure that at a baseline everyone needs to have the food they need to thrive thank you Akira from Japan thank you very much professor so I'm Akira Sakana and I'm enjoying this moment that no one has ideas where I come from I'm based in Kamikatsu which is a very small tiny town in Tokushima Japan and it's just an example of many rural communities around the world that is having struggles that young people leave from the community to seek for better opportunities outside and our population is only 1500 but more than half of the population is above the age of 65 and you can count how many years we can still survive but what is unique about our town is that we are the first municipal town or the government that declared for the ambition to be zero waste by 2020 what is zero waste? it is a policy and initiatives to make no waste out of our community how do we do that? we enroll every residents in the community to bring their waste into one waste collection center then segregate them into 45 different categories which is massive but that's really motivated not only the residents but the local businesses to enroll into waste reduction initiatives and we actually are 80% there for their resource recovery and I myself is not originally from the town I moved in from the city and because I believe in the possibilities I believe that showcasing by what such a small community can do and we can all believe in what individuals or what a small group of people achieve so much and we are actually 80% there but the rest of the 20% everyone asks me that is zero waste actually possible by 2020 and I would say yes but only if we enroll everyone on board because we are so interconnected in this world and then we cannot close the loop only by our community itself because it's in from the outside and then we can't deal with the materials which is not designed to be recyclable or not designed so that it can be recovered in the end then that needs systemic change in the rest of the world and then I believe you have the power to change and yes, thank you very much then that really strikes me because we have a certain economy and we know we need to have a make a change but how can we be fast enough thank you Akira now introducing Mohamed usually I mentioned where you are from but I think when I say you are from you are living now in a refugee camp it shows already let's say the seriousness of your life can you tell us a little bit more about it thank you professor for inviting me to come to the World Economic Forum it was difficult to get to me here and that speaks of the story of my life my name is Mohamed Hassan and I am a refugee from Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya and I've been in that camp for more than 20 years of my life and after Davos I go back to that camp and I don't live in that camp by myself I live with 185,000 other refugees from 10 different nationalities people hear the word refugees and they think it's only immediate problems that people run and they need immediate shelter but what happens to the forgotten refugees those of us who are in the camps for decades those that people would rather not talk about and pretend that we don't exist I come from that place and I believe it's crucial we have more voices like me involved in the discussions about globalization and moving forward people talk about ethical and sustainable development what does that mean to me refugee camps are not ethical they are not sustainable they are not fit and they are not conducive for human growth people want to be ethical to robots they want to discuss those solving death and we don't want to focus on the human suffering for some people it's easier to move around my mother Dirk Abdulahi after my father was killed in the civil war in Somalia, tribal violence she was in the camp she made bread she baked and she sold it for 5 shillings so that me and my siblings could have a life so that we could go to school and she always wanted more for us she wanted to get out of the camp she wanted to move around after 27 years she died in the camp recently about 15 months ago and that is what keeps me up at night will I also die in that camp will my siblings the one who is 10 years old will he be there for the next 18 years what happens to us why are people so afraid to open their doors and to let us in we are not animals we are not criminals I don't think it's fair and I shouldn't have to beg for that and where I come from in that camp I am a community leader and growing up in that camp I've had to make an active choice I had to choose especially after the death of my mother about how I wanted to frame my story about the kind of life that I wanted to lead to have a victimhood mentality to have self-pity and to feel sorry for myself or to stand up and be counted I decided to stand up I am a community leader I am a refugee advocate and I'm also a global shaper and I work with fellow refugees and what we do basically is preserving hope so we're trying to stay alive and it's hard for some people to understand that living in confinement and uncertainty not knowing where you will go it's difficult and on a day to day basis that's what I do with my fellow refugees we have talented people who are denied access to humanity people don't want to open the doors and we feel like we feel unwanted and no one really cares so please as you go the next couple of days as you attend the meetings and as people discuss great lofty ideas think about those of us who are on the sidelines watching in we're not asking for much I'm just looking for a place to call home thank you thank you also for having built insights a global shapers community Satya how do you react as a business leader what I mean we are powerful when you listen to all those aspirations how do you feel how do you react yeah I mean first it's such a privilege I would say to be part of this panel to listen to you and your stories and your vision for a better future for all of us the initiative you've taken and Mohammed's sort of capstoneing of that energy that drive is moving and I love the line you sort of said your stories are inspirational but the question is what are we going to do as inspired recipients of what we just heard for me I start quite frankly with I think a real need that all of us have as a global community to drive in some sense economic growth that actually has been stalled if I look back to that period that a lot of people refer to between 1870 and 1940 where there was this amazing development in the world we need to get back to even I would say the core challenge of economic growth but we know we have a second perhaps even more important challenge going forward as exemplified by all of what was said which is this next phase of globalization does need to deliver economic growth but really needs to deliver it such that there is equitable growth that's it we have a dual challenge going forward so what's that architecture that allows us to tackle both on the first one I'm very optimistic because this fourth industrial revolution in some sense the core force of it is a much more malleable resource the technology that can drive economic growth and the innovation that's needed I don't sit here thinking that all of the innovation that is needed is here but I'm optimistic that this malleable resource can perhaps more democratically make things more accessible whether it's for countries whether it's for small businesses large businesses big sectors private sector all of that so I feel more optimistic I also am clear-eyed about some of the big challenges I mean in the industry I work in in digital tech we have very big unintended consequences privacy cyber security ethics around the development of technology those are all things to be tackled skills we know that the jobs of the future really equip the people the youth of the world for these jobs but the real question that you all raised is markets work but there are limits and the question is in order to drive this economic growth in an equitable way we also have to deal with the decoupling that's happening the decoupling between economic growth and productivity growth and jobs and wages and so this is really the challenge of our times and I would say each of us will have to play a role so I start even from my own responsibility so for example in Microsoft one of the things that I've recognized is instead of just talking about all the things that we do outside starting with our own employees their own benefits are we doing the right thing with parent to leave with sick leave Microsoft has full-time employees and many part-time employees are we in fact doing our job to make the benefits that we provide available to even the part-time employees just last week for example we also started saying look people who work at Microsoft many of them are software engineers in well-paired jobs but we also have cafeteria workers shuttle drivers what about housing needs for them the housing burden in Seattle for example we also have market failure so we just announced support for building affordable housing so that anybody who works in our community can find housing in the community itself so I would say for us starting in every company in every community that we work and live and doing our part and then finding this new architecture for this next phase of globalization but we do figure out a way to drive that equitable growth supporting initiatives that all of you talked about I mean there is no reason why the world needs to have a refugee crisis but there needs to be political will there needs to be many other things that need to fall in place for us to resolve there is no reason why in Chicago we should have a challenge of food security yet we need the systems a new way to tackle these challenges Satya what would be your question to the young generation here and after having listened to all the extraordinary stories and by the way when we were choosing among who should represent the global shapers I have to say we had so many examples like the people sitting here around what is your question just sitting here listening to you I was thinking how did that inspiration come how did you take action but really the thing that I would say I'm most curious to hear from you is what advice would you have for leaders like me for leaders like professor Schwab and the leaders in this room what should we do to architect this next phase of globalization so that the initiatives the vision you have for a better future is going to be fulfilled maybe you can start Mohammed in my context coming from a refugee camp and growing up in that camp I'd like people to think about the fact that money capital and goods move around the world very easily and yet people can't move in decades so how do you go away from keeping people in camps where we have the idea the idea is fostered on dependency on aid and you just have a sack and you're waiting for food at the end of the month and that's not sustainable how do you go from that to making people self-reliant to giving them skills and marketable skills and higher education so that they can make a life for themselves so that's and I think the private sector the government's responsibilities but I also think that the government can look at the camps like the place I come from 185,000 refugees we finish high school and then what do we do we're just sitting idling in the camps and I think with human beings and we have the potential the capacity to do more and we'd love to do more if we're given access so it basically comes down to access access and equal opportunity access to higher education marketable skills and also provide like there are two ways for durable solutions make things easy make it easier for me to travel so that maybe someday hopefully I can come back to Davos once again so that's so for me the private sector and hand in hand with global leaders and governments they can step up and also address the issues that are happening back in our countries of origin like I come from Somalia originally so provide make it safe to my country, but also so that gives me the tools I need to make a life for myself in the camp and make it easier for me to access opportunities out of the camp, that's my idea, I would say. Yeah, go ahead. So for me, every global leaders needs to be localized because the globalization 4.0, I would say, it needs to start from localization because that's where you see what is happening and then that's where you can see the first step moving forward, how you can support. And then I would say, work with us. I mean, we are the, I believe, most uncomfortable people that you will be working with. Then that's where it can really start, making dialogues, making action, and then we can find the mutual steps forward and that's how we can actually make a change. That's all I can say. Right, thank you, Julia. So my advice would be to go all in in understanding the needs of the communities where you operate, where your consumers are and work with your teams to find new innovative ways to address those needs. Coming from a nonprofit organization, I can also speak to the fact that the social sector is working towards ambitious goals with limited resources and for all the work that we wanna do in our communities and around the world. No one can do it alone. So we can't think about this as a set of isolated initiatives. We need to really think about a movement in an organized effort that brings together strong commitments from the social sector, the public sector, and the private sector to work on these issues. For food security in particular and Professor Schwab, as you mentioned, this is just one of the many intersecting issues. Food security is foundational to building that equitable future. It intersects with climate change, job creation, et cetera. And there's so many opportunities from the private sector to lean into this work, really optimizing how we use data and technology to match the supply and demand of food, increase access points, and measure our impact, finding new ways to include people facing hunger and different constituents in designing these solutions. And then I think importantly too, to really drive this systemic change and understand and attack the kind of root causes of food insecurity, we need to get comfortable with long-term investments in systemic change, which I know may be different from how we operate kind of looking towards that annual report. So really getting comfortable making those long-term investments and telling that narrative would be my advice too. I have two advice. The first one is it's time to be uncomfortable and bold. Let's not fool ourselves. In front of me is so much power, whether it's political power, financial power, influence, or something else. So when we talk about issues this week, we can't just talk about them as issues that we could solve because we are the ones that should solve those issues and people outside of Davos are expecting results. The real success is not measured by the amount of meetings, it's measured by the real impact for people on the ground. Let's leave the ego behind. Let's leave short-termism behind. Let's be bold, attentive, and ambitious. And the second thing connecting to this theme is in building a new global architecture, we also need to look at the current global architecture. And to me it is very frustrating seeing how we're gonna solve all of these issues when we're seeing the dissolution of the very institutions and ideals that are supposed to tackle these issues. Corruption, countries moving away from multilateralism in a time of increasing global challenges, increasing inequalities, the demise and backsliding of democracies, we're seeing both that the quality and quantity of democracies in the world, they're decreasing. We need to address those system changes if we want to address those issues. We can't fix the problems if we don't have a system in which to solve those issues. So I hope you take this as a challenge for this week to prove to people outside of these halls that you take these issues seriously. So I think all of us, we want to thrive, we want to be better tomorrow. And I don't think that I have an advice, maybe I think like all as a global society, as leaders, we have to learn new skills. So the first one is like we have to change the questions that we are making in the rooms. When I was coming, I was with a senior guy and he was telling me, I was telling him about education and he said, really, can you change education? And I said, that is not the question that you should be asking me. The question that we should be answering is, how are we going to change education? So we have to shift from can we do it to, how can we do it? That is the first thing that we have to have, that is skill, new questions. Second, I think we have to listen more. What happened in Colombia with the peace referendum? What happened in Brexit? What happened in the United States? All that happened because we were not listening. And what is happening in education is, we are not listening. We are not listening what young people are thinking. So we have to listen more. And the third one I think is about energy. And what I mean by energy, all of you have a mood, have an energy that can change our room. So how do we inspire ourselves to the greatness when we don't have nothing less? And I think it's inspiration. So sometimes we feel this paralysis analysis, but there are a lot of young people, social entrepreneurs, companies who are doing a great job. So we have to share those tools. And this is also for the media leaders. We have to show the good things that are happening around the world too. So I will say that those are the three skills that we should be learning. I would try to be very short. While we're trying to find and design solutions for globalization 4.0, let's think collectively and let's be wide in our thinking. Let's think human, animals, plants. Think beyond your personal benefits, your families, your race, your region. To urban developers, I would say, let's think of making buildings, let's work on making buildings produce rather than consume. Only in this world we'll be able to prosper. So imagine with me a world where buildings are decentralized, clean energy generators, food producers, rainwater harvesters, and biodiversity conservers. This is the world that we want to be living in. And this inspired us to start an initiative that re-envision existing buildings in my city to help inform the government decision in the rebuilding of Iraq. Saltya, we are coming to the end of this opening session. How would you summarize the message going out from this panel? I think what I take away is the core need for innovation. And when I say innovation, I use it in the broadest sense. It's not just about any one technology. It is about really innovation and its impact in our broadest society. And that's ultimately going to come back to I think what all of you said is the advice to us all as leaders and as participants, which is how are we going to take what is innovation in our hands and really take action so that we can drive the outcomes that we all desire as a global community? So that's I think what we need to really take away, which is this is the time to act with ingenuity that you all have shown in a constrained environment you have shown us that you can make progress. So instead of sitting and saying, let's accept status quo, let us all take the inspiration that you have given us and really challenge the status quo with innovation and ingenuity. I would like to thank not only the panel, but also global shapers because I know our global shape of communities at the moment drive over 1,000 projects all over the world. It's just remarkable. I would also encourage you to engage because during the meeting, I know there are many temptations, there are many opportunities offered but as I mentioned, around 200 sessions which are really output oriented. We may not make, it's a solution to speak questions, Brexit or whatever it is, but I think it's important that during this week we make very small but very important steps towards the future. And so steps have to be, and that's the essence of the World Economic Forum, have to be carried by a stakeholder approach which means by a collaboration between business governments and I should add the wonderful young generation. Thank you very much for having participated at this opening session. I wish you a very good annual meeting 2019.