 Hello everybody, the difficult question we faced during the project was involvement of the community, especially how to urge them to take ownership of the canals. As you have seen in the previous lectures, one of the solutions was the formation of canal committees. But how did we form the committees? Who were the members? What were the challenges we faced? We will learn the answers to these questions from Mr. Sarachandran, the coordinator of CanalAPI. The right to take ownership of the canals is in the hands of the people. It is not in the hands of the people who bring technology wherever they go. The second reason is our context. In India, the money in the hands of local government is less or the resources are less. So, the maintenance of the canals that are usually carried by the solution is not allowed to be carried by the government or by the people. So, when the use of the canals is not consulted by the people, the use of the canals is less and no one uses it. The third reason is that no natural resource is responsible for it, no responsibility for it, no ownership of it, no need to create a group of people. We are trying to find out which group of people are the people of the time. Now, if we take the issue of the canals, the Canal Network Canal is a big system. There are the main canals like Vada Canal, Commercial Canal, small sub-canals like Shadamani, Chathanadu, Pranithodapalli sub-canals. Then there are the small canals that come into the canals. All these are not included. It is a big system, the Canal Network Canal. In the past, when the canals were used, the transport of the canals would be taken away and transported to the canals. The rest of the small canals would be taken away and used by the people. But, the time would change. The importance of the canals was reduced. The canals were not used. The utility and use of the canals were reduced. What is the nature of the canals? It is a waste water drain. It is a waste water drain that is brought to the canals. The canals have been changed. So, the biggest question in the past. When there was a utility of the canals, it was a group of people who wanted to take care of it. Now, the utility is not being used. It is not used. The use of the canals will change. So, how can we take a group of people who are responsible for this? The first step is to use the canals now. If we take a negative part of the canals, the canal network will be used to clean the canals. That is, the water will flow through the canals. Or, the plastic will be added to the canals. The other canals and other canals will be added to the canals. When we clean the canals, the problem will be solved. The problem will be solved by the people who stay in the canals. When the whole of the city is named Malinam, when the canals from our house are clean, the problem will be solved by the people who stay in the canals around us. If a canals network needs to be cleaned, it can be used as a local body or a municipal body. Or, it can be used as a regulatory authority. It can be used as a pollution control board. It can be used as a pollution control board. It is used to protect all the people who are affected by it. The only thing to protect is that the citizens' governance is taken as their desire. The first step is the institution building. Take the canal committees and do the doobah. The first step is to make sure that the canals are about 1.5 km long. The canals are divided into the sizes that we can manage. For example, each of the canals that are 200 or 300 m long, The members of that committee will be the members of the three houses in that canal. The members of that committee will be the members of the three houses in that canal. The members of that committee will be the members of the three houses in that canal. The next step is the political boundary of the three houses in that canal. In each of these houses, there is a region called the canal shed. The water coming out of this canal is a canal committee. Out of the eight or ten committees, these three committees will be the members of the three houses in that canal. Then each of these houses will be the members of the three houses in that canal. The next step is the main activity of the canal. The best method for people to get into that canal is not to give them a share after the construction. The ownership of that canal is the most effective way to do that. In the entire process of building that canal, it is possible to get into that area. The next step is the canal sanitation clubs. The most effective way to get into the houses is the children's education. The most effective and efficient and sustainable way to get into that canal is the strategy. There are seven to nine classes of children in that canal. Each canal has its own schools and its own camps and clubs. The children in that club carry out the next activities of the canal. They can go to the campsite and check the water quality of the canal. The activities of the canal are done by the children. This is the long term vision. The children in the same camps and clubs are part of that club. The young age takes these values. When they go to the front, the same committees will be there. This change is the most effective. The people in that club have helped us a lot. Every step in the process of building that canal is followed. When the children are included in the process, the ownership and responsibility of that canal is the best. The children will get into that club. As I said earlier, it is common to build a canal. The local institutions can build it. The capacity of the people in that club can be built. The capacity of the people in that club can be built. The purpose of building a canal is to make it sustainable and sustainable. The people in that club can build it. The people in that club can build it. The people in that club can build it. Hello everyone. Hope you enjoyed this course. This was a very mixed course. It was academic, it was practice oriented and it was also experience oriented. Academic in the sense we wanted to understand the concept of sanitation and the need for a decentralized and participatory way to tackle the problem, which is important for a country like India. Why? Because the persistent pollution and sanitation failures that you see are the result of the limitations of the centralized infrastructure in the country. And as all of you know by now, this course is a distillation of some of our learnings while we were engaged in the project on rejuvenation of canals in Alapada. I would like to acknowledge here the active support, collaboration and contribution of the Kerala Institute of Local Administration in this project. Without them, it would not have been possible to pull off a project of this scale. I would also like to acknowledge the support provided by Alapada municipality during the course of this project. Coming back to the course in the beginning, we looked at the need for a decentralized systems. Then we found that there are enough technologies available, but only at very micro level like schools, hospitals or other institutions. We were ambitious to deploy decentralized technologies at a town level to make visible changes in Alapada for the rejuvenation of canals. So, this course in short was sustainable sanitation planning in small towns using participatory methods. We also looked at policy and governance issues and how these policies manifest as practices on the ground. In the subsequent weeks, we looked at ways of doing situational analysis at a town level to understand the sanitation issues of a town. We realized the need for interdisciplinarity, undertaking technical issues like civil engineering surveys, creating side plans and design, conducting socio-economic surveys, engaging in discussions and consultation with different stakeholders, conducting technology appraisals and, most importantly, deciding on technology choices. So, we took a pilot canal, we looked at the appropriate technology options, understood that decentralized technology option is the way to go with the support of organizations like Inspiration Quachy and Santa for D-Words dissemination and executed a D-Words system in the canal. Some kinds of institutional interventions are also needed and thus we engaged in experiments like Hyder-Karmasena. But as I have often repeated during the course, a technology solution alone will not solve the sanitation problem. For that, it has to be part of everybody's life and how can sanitation be everybody's business? It will happen only when each one of us become aware of the fact that we have some responsibility towards our town. To create awareness among the citizens, general public and youth, we evolved a campaign called Cannalopy, a group of concerned youth who wanted to actively participate in this project. Along with the canal committees to take care of the canal, these two interventions are likely to play a major role in ensuring that the public in Alaprida will own the canals as their own. It is also important to understand that since this is not a normal course, the takeaways from this course for you are different. It is not only conceptual understanding of the technologies or knowledge or policies. Your takeaways extend beyond that your responsibility as a citizen of your town. Every town will have its distinct sanitation challenges and it is up to the citizens of that town to come up with a solution. We hope this course will provide you with the understanding and tools to learn and critically examine the sanitation problems facing your own town and if possible, engage with other stakeholders in trying to find a solution for the same. VIIT Bombay, Kila and Cannalopy will be there to actively support you. Best wishes.