 Well, it came here 20 years ago and have absolutely been amazed and enthralled by the history here. So this is your history. There are people in this room who probably know infinitely more about some of the people we're going to be talking about than I do. If you've got some corrections for me, please tell me. This is the Electric Light Show, just in case. We have a depth of entertainment for you today. The picture that you see here, I just think this face is wonderful. This is Duff Green Thornburg. His picture is downstairs in our collection here at the McClung. I don't think it's anywhere else. His family donated this picture. On the back, it says in pencil, Uncle Duff, the beard. You can see why. And of course, this is post-Civil War. But Uncle Duff was a Lieutenant Colonel in the Cavalry, Union Cavalry. And we have his revolver here. I'll get into that a little bit longer. But I am fascinated by the faces of the people. And that's what we're going to talk about today. I've got to do a little bit of promotion beforehand. Knox County in November appointed a sesquicentennial commission. That word, sesquicentennial, is not an easy one. Not easy to say. It's not easy to spell. But it does mean 150th. This is our logo. We also have a website. We're working together with all of us in the history business, so to speak, are working together. So the McClung Museum will reference us and we'll reference them. But our website is... This one is devoted to all things Civil War here in the Knox area. And a calendar. We will be compiling everything that has a Civil War component on our calendar so that you can go there onto this website and look up what's happening on a particular weekend. We've got a wonderful concert coming up. I won't go through everything, but at the Unitarian Church, Tennessee Valley Unitarian Church, the Newbury Concert from Chicago, is going to be playing Little Herd 1860s music. It should be a wonderful concert coming up this week. So things like that are coming into us that we really didn't have a focus for before. As you know, there are many different venues in Knoxville where we have a certain Civil War component. But we're all now getting together to try to make sure that we support each other, sponsor each other, promote each other's events. And this is one of the sites where that will be. Also in that regard, I think last time, for those of you who were here for the map lecture, this is Orlando Poe's wonderful map of the defenses with the Sea of Knoxville. This map, thanks to Charles Reeves, who is a wonderful graphic artist, we have the present-day streets. So that you can look at this map, you can stand on any street in Knoxville and see exactly where you are in relation to the fortifications, the streets of 1864, the river, the railroad, all of those wonderful things. This is for sale. It's a fundraiser for the commission and it's for sale up in the gift shop here for $20. It's 16 by 20, so it's easily frameable. And I think you need a little bigger frame for it, but at any rate, it's standard size. So if anybody's interested, this is hours of fun. And now I will launch into the talk that you came to hear. The sound's still coming up in the back? Okay. All right. Civil War era is the first significant historic period for which through the art of photographic portraiture, we can look into the faces of the everyday people whose lives were forever altered by events beyond their control. This was really the first time in history when average people, well, not everybody, but you had to be of certain affluence to afford to have your picture taken, but many did. And here in Knoxville, we had studios down on Gay Street from the earliest times that it was pretty much economically feasible and those portraits are available to us to look into the faces of those people who lived here for those four years and before and beyond. The Civil War is four years and we tend to think of it as a discrete event, but it was four years in the lives of people who had been here for many of them, for most of their lives and many who continued afterwards. And it is very interesting to look at how that four years, which is, as I said, it's not just, it's just not a single thing that starts and ends in people's lives and somehow is not important. To what came before and what came after. One minute history of Knoxville. Till the 1780s, East Tennessee was pretty much wilderness and the native inhabitants liked it that way. However, progress in the form of European settlers came from the East Coast. We have names like White, Blunt, Severe, McClung. The town of Knoxville was founded in 1786. Interestingly named for Henry Knox, who'd never been here. I don't think he ever came. I think they were trying to get his attention. He was politically important in Washington to Secretary of War. Yes, I thought he was. And so anyway, we came into being the name was to honor him and so those were the men who founded the town in 1786. They were very prolific. Most of them married several times and it was their children who were pretty much running the town in the 1860s and it was their grandchildren who were the population of fighting age. Now of course that changed as the war went on. Men a lot older sometimes went into the military and younger but in general when the war started it was going to be the grandchildren of the founding fathers who would be the average age for soldiering. Statehood came in 1796 and Knoxville was the first capital. Lost out to Nashville in 1817 and even then of course the differences between East and Middle and West Tennessee were becoming very obvious. And slavery, well a very complicated topic. I just want to thank Blunt Mansion for sponsoring yesterday a fascinating program on some of the history that we have locally about African American populations and for the most part the African American history did not get into the textbooks and there are ways to go after it. One way is archeologically. Dr. Charles Faulkner yesterday gave us a wonderful lecture about slave quarters and excavating them behind Blunt Mansion. In any case, slavery, when we hear the story now about slavery we hear there's not too much in East Tennessee it's not that important and that's true. However, it was also very generally accepted and in for most cases most of the leading unionists were pro-slavery and it was thought to be the natural order. The churches were in favor of it and that's another whole dissertation topic but in general even though it was not economically underpinning our economy here it was something that was not being contested. It was something that people considered to be pretty much the way things were, the way things ought to be and the unionists felt that slavery was best protected under the Constitution and that was one of the reasons that they chose to remain unionists. In any case, by 1860 Knoxville had a population of only 4,000 people and in Knox County there were about, let's see, there were about 4,000 slaves and about 400 free African Americans and actually in Knoxville itself about 28% of the African American population were free. First families here, that is the descendants and there were many descendants of those founding fathers still held most of the wealth. 5% of the free household held 66% of the wealth and 75% of them were slave owners. There is a wonderful book, I hope you all know of it, it is by a man named Robert Tracing McKenzie. It's called Lincolnites and Rebels. Everybody interested in Knoxville history should read this. It's full of details, primary research, excellent sources and I've got a lot of my statistics out of there but he tells us that the population here was the bottom 50% of the population held 1% of the wealth. So you can see it's pretty much top heavy society and in the lower echelons of society there was quite a lot of turnover. People who were here in one census were frequently gone in the next that there was quite a turnover of a family name population. Many Northerners came down here to settle. It has not a new thing. There were, after all this was the frontier. The people who came here came from the east, came into the jumping off point. Knoxville in the early days would be considered the edge of the frontier. In some of the early names like Maynard and Dickinson they came down, they were university educated or Amherst College up in New England came down here to teach at East Tennessee College. Well, we kept to get straight when the name changed but it's the same university. We're sitting on the same location pretty much. These guys came down. Both of those men actually started at the university and noticed that they could make a whole lot more money doing other things. So they went into Merchant, when Dickinson became a merchant, a wholesaler and Maynard got a law degree and went into politics. But they did start out teaching here at the university. Dickinson family, Maynard family as I said, both of Dickinson married into the Cowan family and so he became part of the old family names and Maynard married very well, married Laura, I forgot her last name but she then moved here and they were lifelong residents of Knoxville. The house family, Ellen Renshaw House left us a fascinating diary of her experiences from 63 through 65 and they moved here from Georgia. When the railroads came into being and connected up pretty much in Knoxville, the Tennessee and Georgia railroad, the Tennessee and Virginia railroad, things were starting to get really quite prosperous. This was about 1858. So there were not many years for this prosperity to actually flourish before the war came but that railroad made a very significant difference in the economic functioning of this area. Also there were many newcomers to town, many immigrants, Irish, Germans, English, Swiss, French, Scots, Italians. You don't think of Knoxville, at least I hadn't necessarily thought of Knoxville as an immigrant town but it has been and historically has been. And this is from Rothrock, Mary Rothrock wrote one of the still very valid good histories of Knoxville. Say, anyway, her statistic was that there were 2,370 slaves in Knox County and 423 free African-Americans in 1860 as the war started. Well, it started in 61 but anyway in 1860 was when they took the census. Now society in time of war and this was war and of course in all wars, murder is basically legal depending on who you're killing and under the circumstances. It makes it a little difficult for the civilian population. Civilian and military authority. What is a crime in wartime? Yes, there are lots of manuals written and everybody knows what it's supposed to be but when it comes down to on the ground and people who are marginally connected with military bushwhackers and kind of para military organizations, it gets very fuzzy as to where the, what is a crime and how the threat and the security of the civilian population can be protected. And then who enforces the law? Who enforces the military side of the law? Who enforces the civilian side of the law? Who decides the punishment? Who carries it out? Who keeps the people safe? Women were left to fend for themselves. When the men went off to war to fight, women who were not, when they got married, their property reverted to their husbands. They were not necessarily educated. They might get a polite literary degree but they were not trained as bookkeepers and accountants and how to run the businesses that their husbands may leave behind, how to manage a household. In fact, the women were very competent. We are not talking about a bunch of ladies who fell apart when this situation happened but we are talking about people who were not trained and prepared for this kind of situation in their lives. They could own property but they did not work necessarily. They didn't hold office. They didn't manage family finances necessarily and of course they didn't vote. This was way before women's suffrage came in. Finance. Well, you think about credit, debt, money, mortgages. What happens when the whole monetary system flips and what happens to your mortgage? Do you still own the Yankee Union sympathizer for that house that you bought? What if he's not accepting Confederate money? You know, there are so many considerations when you think about how to run a society in the midst of war and with people on both sides of that issue as it was so prominently important for the fact that everybody here was almost half and half divided in the city of Knoxville in terms of their loyalties. Anyway, you think of the loss of property, think of income, if you're gonna get paid now are you gonna get paid by it with Confederate dollars? Well, pretty much, yeah, if you're living here, if you're gonna move back up to the outside of this area where the federal money is still being, of course it's still the federal money but that whole idea of what happens to your own personal wealth, your own personal economic stability in a time of war. And of course there's the physical danger that needs to be considered. Overcrowding, it's not just military. In fact, military danger is the least of it. You're talking about overcrowding, disease, starvation, medical shortages and just plain violence. All of these things came to town when war did. And of course, what does it mean to have an army and then refugees in town? You're looking at 4,000, 16,000, 20,000 plus people who come to town, they need to be fed, they need to be sheltered and they're non-productive. They're not growing food, they're not making stuff to support the population. And then just the physical drain on basic services. There's no storage system, there's no indoor plumbing, there's no garbage removal. Horses and mules and cavalry. You know, basically everybody with a parade goes down the street in the middle of Gay Street these days. We have a tiny little bit of experience of what it must have been like up and down Gay Street and all streets in town. And of course, all the major buildings, the hospitals, the churches, anything with a big roof and some floor space potentially is filled with casualties from one action or another. All of the major buildings were taken over by the military. And so, all of these things are happening in your hometown. Also, there's no home front. In the north and the deep south, it was really a distant war, at least in the beginning and for the first few years. The fathers and the sons of the husband left to fight elsewhere. Day to day life went on and there's no buffer, but there is a buffer, there's a buffer of space and there is no physical threat. And importantly, the community ethos supports and values the sacrifice of the family. So there's that idea that if the family has, the breadwinner is gone or whatever, male relatives have gone off to fight, that there is empathy and community support for that family. However, imagine when you're surrounded by people and you're watching husbands and brothers and sons go off to fight, knowing that they're going off to kill each other. That half the town is gonna go off on one side and half the town is gonna off the other and those statistics are a little soft. But in any case, these people are going out to support two sides of this war. And at home, you're watching as your friends, your family, your neighbors, people you've known, all your lives turn into the enemy. And where is the community support then? It's really hard to imagine the psychological abuse that is really in terms of how do you live, how do you get through your days? How do you get up in the morning and look out at the world and get that kind of balance that is gone now with this war? And even though they may be going elsewhere to fight in the early days, we know that they are going out to fight each other. And then the emotional turmoil being surrounded by the enemy. In Knoxville social institutions, all were affected, schools, churches, commerce, neighbors, families. And of course, then after when the Confederate draft comes in, for a while, some people thought, well, I'm just gonna stick this out. In the beginning, nobody knew how long it was gonna last. People thought, oh, there'll be a few battles and there'll be lots of fun and we'll have some glory and chivalry and then it'll be resolved and it'll be all over. Nobody knew how long it was gonna take, how terrible it was going to be. And some people did. They say, perhaps that's why Sherman, William Tecumseh Sherman's have to break down early in the war. He knew what this war would come to before it was over. And that most people had a very optimistic, naive view of what war was. And so anyway, the Confederate draft made it necessary for people to say which side they were on and say it kind of publicly because either you went off to fight for the Confederate army or you got out of town, went north somewhere else to join up with the Union army, you couldn't just stay here and be neutral. It was no longer possible to just kind of ride it out. Also, when these East Tennessee Confederate troops did sign up, they were sent elsewhere. For some reason, Richmond seemed to think that armed and organized East Tennesseans in their own home territory was not a good idea. That maybe they were gonna take a little more supervision than they were willing to give. So these troops were not allowed to stay here and defend their own homes and families. They were sent elsewhere. And so the troops, the Confederate troops that were here were from elsewhere. And they were hostile in some ways to the East Tennessee population because they knew that so many people here were Unionists. And so they didn't quite trust East Tennessee. And that's another layer of uncertainty and tension in town at that time. And finally, as I said, federal volunteers did flee to Kentucky. And many of them did join the federal army and some of them did come back in 1863 when the Union took the town over again. But all of this stuff is such a complex story and so many layers of tension and conflict over and above just two armies coming together to fight each other on a field of battle. Web of kinship. That bottom expression, he's kin but I don't claim him. I've never heard that before I came to East Tennessee. There are places in the world where that sentence would mean nothing, but here it does. And kinship is a special thing in East Tennessee and it continues to be. So you can imagine that it was during the war. It's interesting too, it was so complicated. It was so interconnected. I'm still puzzling over reading, trying to figure out what did that web of kinship mean? If you're related to everybody, what does that mean? And of course people know who they're related to and who they aren't related to. That's something people all know about their own families but it's very hard to puzzle out when you're an outsider obviously as I am. So let's look at some of these families. First of all, the McClung's. And I'm starting with the McClung's because this is the Frank H. McClung Museum and we've got a ton of McClung papers and everything. As does the McClung collection. The McClung historical collection. We are frequently confused one to the other and obvious reasons we have the same name. The McClung historical collection is down on Gay Street. It's part of the Knox County Public Library System. Anybody who is interested in doing East Tennessee family research needs to know about that place. It's a treasure trove. They do classes on how to research genealogy. And lately Dr. Schweitzer has been doing a class on civil war genealogy. How to explore records. There is so much available online now. It's not a matter anymore of having to write a letter and send it to Washington and hoping somebody photocopies the right records the first time and that sort of thing. It's a lot easier. There's still some of that but it's a lot easier now than it ever was to get some good information about ancestors in the past. The McClung's here. This museum was built, opened in the early 60s. It was a donation from Ellen McClung Green. Ellen was Frank H. McClung's daughter, the youngest of his 10 children. Calvin McClung who was also, he was Frank's son, Ellen's brother, he started the McClung collection down on Gay Street. So that's how those two collections happen to come together. Special collections at the University of Tennessee which is over in the library building also have wonderful primary materials. Again, if you're interested in research, doing primary document research, that's another place that you can't miss. Doing primary document research is very tedious and time consuming and you can spend a whole day and come up with maybe one iffy fact. But it's so rewarding when you do find out there are just things that come out that all of a sudden you have in a high moment and it makes it all worth the time. Here at the McClung Museum, we are descended from Charles McClung just like everybody, all the McClung's in East Tennessee were, he was one of those founding fathers. He came here in 1788. He was the original surveyor. Apparently he had about six weeks of training but that was enough to get him through what he had to do and he surveyed the original downtown grid which is exactly today as it was. He built State's View out on Ebenezer Road. Everybody familiar with, you know it's up at the top of the hill out there where George Williams Road come in? They just put a traffic light in the upstairs window basically which seems like a crime to me but that is the home that was built by Charles McClung and I believe in Ellen's papers, I don't think they called it State's View. There was a fruit view or fruit, does anybody know the name? It's another, it's a different name. She calls it fruit view I believe or fruit dale but in none of her papers does she refer to this home as State's View. In any case, he married Margaret White who was the daughter of James White who built the fort, another one of those early names. They had nine children. When she died he married Rebecca Williams and of course Williams is another long time Knoxville name. They had three more children. Charles and Margaret had a son named Matthew. Matthew married Eliza Morgan and they had 10 children and Frank was number five. Frank H. McClung is my, is when you go into genealogy which I have done just a little bit and I'm not a genealogist but I use Frank as the ego and try to figure out from, how was somebody related to Frank and it makes it a little bit more, it's a little easier to understand that way. Anyway, Frank was number five of those 10 children and he had a brother named Hugh Lawson White McClung. Wait a minute. Hugh Lawson McClung who was number 10. All right, so we're gonna use Frank as our ego when we look at the genealogy. Now, when the war came there were a lot of McClung's in town. There were actually quite a few males, McClung's of the right age to go into the army. They all chose the Confederacy. The McClung's were merchants and with the opening of the railroad they had, they were wholesalers and when the railroad opened up they had a great new market and they tended to concentrate on the southern and western market. In fact, Frank married a woman from St. Louis and he continued in the wholesale business through the war pretty much. And so, all of the McClung's decided to go with the Confederacy. And I just have four that I've found a little bit more out about. Uncle Hugh Lawson White McClung. Now, he is a brother of Matthews. He is Frank's uncle. He was 51 when the war started. He was very wealthy. He was not of the age to go into service and he was also, he had two young children with his second wife. So he had, I think about six or seven children with his first wife and two with the second wife. He was conflicted and he's left letters. He's written letters that exist in primary document collections and he said he hadn't really decided what he wanted to do. But when Lincoln called for troops and this was a defining point in many men's decisions when Lincoln called for troops, volunteers to fight against the south then he made his mind up to go with the state of Tennessee. So he then later got the contract with the state of Tennessee to produce salt. Saltville, Virginia was a very important location. Saltville was one of the few sites in the south where there was salt. Salt had been imported. Much of the salt had been imported but when the blockade went up on the coast the union was blockading the southern ports. They had to look for sites interior for salt. And Saltville was one. So Frank, Hugh Lawson, White McClung and his partner Joseph Jakes who later became mayor of Knoxville, they got the contract to run the business up there in Saltville. And he went actually went up there in 63 when the Confederates moved out and the union moved in. Now Frank H when the war started was 35. He had five children. He was established merchant 35 was pretty much middle age then. So he was probably not going to go into active service either. In fact, he became an ordinance officer, a clerk. He stayed in Knoxville and he went in August of 63. They knew that the Federals were coming. He went to Saltville and his work and in Saltville was a draft exempt position. Pleasant Miller McClung. This is the first cousin of Frank's. He was 37 with four children. He also became an ordinance officer in Knoxville and he was to have the rank of captain. He never left town, but he died in battle in 1863. And the fourth, brother Hugh. He was 22 years old and he couldn't wait to enlist. He joined up and he joined early the 26th Tennessee infantry rank of captain. This is also called the third East Tennessee. The numbers changed. And so here we have four different men who had to make choices. They all decided to side with the Confederacy and it's just a little synopsis of where they were in their lives and the choices they made. This is a picture of Uncle Hugh Lawson White McClung. This was down in, this is one I found since the lecture last year. I don't know how many were here a year ago. I don't remember what I said last year. So if you remember everything I said, this is new. He is a wealthy man. He is a man of business. And he is, this is what Uncle Frank looks like. He also, he married a woman named Rachel Morgan and Frank's father married Eliza Morgan and I believe they were cousins. So already at this level, we're getting the cousins marrying cousins. This is Frank McClung. We started working on the lecture up here, not the lecture of the exhibit that opened in 2007. None of us knew much about Frank. We knew that the museum was donated in his name but the details of his life were really not well known. But we knew his obituary and his obituary did not even mention the recent unpleasantness. So that, you know, he did not take, he did not identify with what he did during the war. It's certainly not enough to put it into his obituary or his family didn't put it into his obituary. His cousin, Pless, I believe Pless is a nickname for Pleasant. But with McClung's, you can go out to three middle names, Hugh, Lawson, White, McClung. There were four of them in town in the 1860s. So you can't be sure that you've got the right one until you do a lot of digging for details. In any rate, this is pretty much what Frank looked like. This is just a little bit after the war. And this is his handsome youngest brother. He was the ninth of Matthew and Eliza's 10 children. He went into the infantry at age 22. He was a captain in company F. The results of their decision. Frank returned to Knoxville from Saltville. He was pardoned. They had five more children. He lived to be 70 years old and he died as a respected, very successful citizen. Cousin Pleasant bled to death on June 19th, 1863. He had his legs blown off below the knees by Sanders. This is Sanders of Fort Sanders, but in 63 June he was Colonel Sanders and he came down with cavalry from Kentucky. Attacked Knoxville with artillery. There was an exchange of gunfire. The high points here in town were, the Confederate artillery had the high points. The exchange shot shots back and forth. And it was over after not very long, but during that short time we managed to lose one of the McCongs and that was Captain Pleasant McClung. Frequently in the records they say Captain McClung died and the records mix up another McClung. I'll tell you about him. He's coming right up. Now Uncle Hugh prospered during the war. He's pretty much selling salt. When he wrote his pardon, he made a point of saying that he hardly made any profit at all and he sold most of the salt to civilians. So he lived to be 81 and lived a pretty good life. And Brother Hugh, he died February 1862 at the Battle of Fort Donelson, leading his men. He had turned 23 in December. He was killed in February and he was one of the first Knoxvillians, certainly a Knoxvillian that people knew because he was one of the old families. It was the first time that the war hit home with the death of one of the McClung's. Now, Franklin Henry McClung, he was a merchant, property owner, husband, father, church member. He belonged to St. John's Episcopal's Church as did many of the prominent Confederate families and he was the grandson of Knoxvill's founding fathers. And he was one of those people who was wealthy enough to have his picture taken regularly. This is the first one we have, Frank, just after the war. He looks a little bit older, a little bit more tired. Frank ages very well. And at some of these, you look at him and you think, he looks like he's had some work done. I think his eyes have been, very dapper, very dapper into his old age. This was in September of 97. He died in 98, in early 98. When he wrote his request for pardon, he had to send a letter directly to Andrew Johnson, who was the president. He had to write a personal letter because he was worth more than $20,000 and also because he was out of town in Virginia when some of the original, when the general amnesty was declared. Also, he was arrested when he got back for being a rebel, but he was not held very long. And so he explained that he was, he acted as a clerk in an ordinance office established by this so-called Confederate state. So sounds familiar, doesn't it? He was just doing his job. He was the only clerk. And across his, we have a photocopy of this original letter requesting a pardon. And in pencil it says, the petitioner was a very active and influential rebel. Excerters influence actively against the government, went into rebellion at the start, and continued until the surrender, do not pardon Brownlow. Frank did, however, receive his pardon and on the way out we have it posted. It's part of our exhibit up here. So Frank got his pardon and went back to living the life that he had lived before. And pretty much that was that in terms of his, he never seemed to refer to the war again. He died in May of 98, and he and his wife Eliza were buried in Old Grey Cemetery, as are most of these people. Now this, these are the only two pictures known of William Price Sanders. Last week, or last month, I talked a little bit about how he and Poe were best friends, how they had been friends at West Point together. Well it was in June of 63 that Sanders and Cavalry came down from Kentucky and they actually went to Lenore City. Part of Lenore City was the mill was burned and then they came up through Kingston Pike. They cut the telegraph line and so here in Knoxville they didn't hear that Sanders was on his way, except of course they did eventually. And Sanders got to town, went out from the north side through shells into town and that was that was the raid. It was the long feared and dreaded federal attack. People here of course knew that there were troops just over the Kentucky line. They always felt vulnerable and this was the first time that those Confederate troops, federal troops actually got to town. Inside the town, Simon Bolivar Buckner was the Confederate general who was here. He was in Clinton when this attack was about to happen. So in town there was only one regiment of regulars and also invalids and citizens were manning the defenses of the town and they did manage to pull it all together and after the whole thing was over, Sanders wrote a sweet note. He said, if it hadn't been for the fine way that you handled your artillery today, I might have taken the town. Sincerely, William P. Sanders. I always thought that was very nice. A thank you note for a very nice artillery exchange. There were two and perhaps three Captain McClung who participated in this defense of the town. Pleasant Miller, we already heard about him. He was Frank's cousin. He was hit by an artillery shell on Summit Hill. His legs were blown off. He was attended to by Reverend Humes who ironically was the same one who was with Sanders at the end in six months or so when Sanders died here in town. It was Humes who was with him and there was another minister also but he was at both of these deaths. And Frank H was in town. We're pretty sure now we've got letters downstairs and I'm trying to cross-reference where they were mailed from and at what the time and date but I'm pretty sure that Frank was in town and I imagine that he along with Pleasant was probably out there. There was 200 or so townspeak who defended the lines and in the report in the paper the next day or so it said that most many of them did not want their names published and I suspect that maybe Frank was one of them but I'm not sure entirely. In any case, Frank could not help but have been affected by the death of his cousin right there in his own hometown basically playing the same role in the military that Frank was. Frank left town, this happened in June and Frank left town in August to go up to Saltville. Now the other person in town who is involved in this is Hugh Lawson White-McClung. He's from Huntsville, Alabama. So I said there were four Hugh Lawson White-McClungs in town and you really have to keep a scorecard to figure out which one it was involved. Hugh Lawson White-McClung from Alabama was not killed at this interaction at this military exchange. He in fact was on the line, he was a trained artillerist, he started McClung's Battery. Sometimes in the history it says that it was Hugh Lawson White, 51 years old who started McClung's Battery. That's not true, it was this guy from Alabama who started the battery and he was actually in town because he was in jail. He was the son of James White-McClung. This is Frank's father's brother, son of Charles. And James moved to Huntsville, Alabama. He married three times, had many children and it says James White-McClung, state representative shot and killed Andrew Wiles, editor of the Huntsville Democrat in a duel over the publication of an article that criticized McClung's conduct. They were kind of wild down there in Alabama, I'm guessing, I don't know that part of the world too well myself, but it seems like. Anyway, Hugh Lawson White-McClung from Alabama was a West Point graduate, he was a civil engineer, he raised an artillery unit in Knoxville in early 61, well, the summer of 61 and there was a notice in the paper for instance, in August of 61, asking for volunteers for McClung's Battery. He came here with his half brother, Elliot Spotswood-McClung. Elliot was the son of James' second marriage, so Hugh Lawson White-McClung, Alabama and Elliot Spotswood-McClung, Alabama are half brothers. And interestingly, Elliot's full sister, who is James' half sister, married Pleasant. Remember Pleasant who just died at the, so Pleasant and Marianne were first cousins, so her name was Marianne Cameron McClung-McClung. Again, not easy to keep straight. This is just a little bit of the court martial, poor, I don't know, Hugh Lawson White-McClung, Alabama had some tough times in the Army, I think that he and Elliot Spotswood called, Uncle, well he's called Cousinspot almost for the rest of his life. So he and Cousinspot are having a little trouble with authority and Hugh ends up in jail. He's here waiting court martial when the Yankees come calling and this says that, I won't read the whole thing, but anyway, he volunteers, he's accused and they decide that it was more of a crime of things that he didn't do, more than things that he did, that he'd learned his lesson and that he proved himself, his offer was accepted, he acted gallantly and with gallantry and courage and such good contact was worthy of a good soldier and merits leniency. So the narrow escape he has made will persuade the accused of the necessity of attempting to redeem the past by active and faithful attention to duty in the future. The sentence is remitted and the accused reports with battery for duty. So because he volunteered to defend the town and he was a trained artillerist, he's out on the front lines, he was actually convicted of several of the charges. I think that drunkenness and dereliction of duty, that wasn't, that was a rumor, just absolutely rumor. He wasn't, those things, he did not get convicted of. After he participated in this event here, he went back to his battery and he was with John Hunt Morgan when John Hunt Morgan was killed up in Greenville and in Morristown, Hugh Luss and White McClung from Alabama was captured in November of 64 with many of the men in his battery and he was sent to Johnson Island. He, that was a prison camp for officers up in Ohio. And let me tell you a little bit more about Hugh Luss and White McClung. He, in the official report, so he says things like McClung attacked even though he was told to wait for orders. Luckily, it turned out well and they did well in that particular engagement. Or he keeps losing his artillery. They have to leave the guns behind or they have to leave the case on behind. So he's frequently, he reports, but he does, it's McClung's artillery without guns. He's ordered to port Hudson in Louisiana, but he never does show up. He shows up at Shiloh even though he wasn't ordered to go there. But he showed up with guns. Of course, they're gonna put him in the right spot and he did very well there, performed very bravely. And as said, the court, Marshall did have some things like drunkenness, dereliction of duties, a few payroll issues. I just think he wasn't good with details because he was very, very brave. And the original verdict said he would forfeit his pay and be dismissed for service, but he redeemed himself and went on. As I said, and he also was a West pointer and engineer, but he didn't ever rise above the rank of captain. And I had this whole mental image of a guy who was just anti-authority and kind of a loose cannon if you'll excuse the term. But when I went to look at the records up in Washington, there is in fact a whole interchange, whole correspondence where he is looking for promotion and he seems a lot more by the book in that correspondence than these facts would seem to indicate. So it needs a lot more research. So somebody could do a nice master's thesis on this man in his career. Anyway, he was apparently with John Hunt Morgan who was a distant relative through Frank's mother. The Morgans and the McClungs were related. And he was captured in Morristown, spent the rest of the war in Johnson Island. One way we know about this is this wonderful letter that's downstairs in our collection and this is not published, hasn't really been seen. You can see up at the top it is from Johnson's Island and it's signed Hugh and it's to dear Frank. And it's addressed to Frank at McClung and Jake's in Saltville. This very nicely confirms where he was, where Frank was and the letter just kind of talks about some of the things going on. For one thing, Frank's house is being confiscated in Knoxville as a rebel property. He's got a wife and five kids in that house and this is a bit of a problem to his brother and apparently in some regards, however much that Hugh here could help from prison camp. He's advising LIDA, LIDA, LIDA. Anyway, that's Eliza's nickname. He's trying to help her a little bit, figure out how they're going to deal with this particular, it's a money problem basically. But the house could be confiscated and could be sold and the contents could be sold. And there's a letter from one of Frank's brothers saying it really would have been nice if everything had been in your name in the first place. He's saying to the wife, well that didn't happen too much. You know, you don't think ahead thinking that war's gonna come in town, you better put everything in the wife's name. But so they were dealing with those kinds of financial issues. Elliot spots with McClung. As they said, he was Hugh's half brother. He came up from Alabama and his sister, Mary Ann, married pleasant, so she was already up here. He was a lieutenant in McClung's battery and he was cashiered. Now the Confederate army wanted, needed officers. I can't imagine how bad it must have been because they threw him out. I mean cashiered means you're gone. And they put a notice in the paper saying so down at the Chattanooga Daily Rebel. There's a nice little notice that says ES McClung is cashiered for making a false muster role. I don't think he stopped fighting though, even though he was officially out, he kept showing up for engagement. So he was still pretty much of a soldier. And again, he's one of those interesting personalities where the details need to be pulled together to flesh out this, you know, first impressions may not be exact. So he deserves more of a hearing, I think. But, and I haven't been able to find a photograph of Hugh Lawson White McClung from Alabama. I think a road trip down to Huntsville, maybe I could find a picture of him. But downstairs, there's Cousins Spot. Doesn't it look like he just slicked his hair back for the picture? Elliot spots with McClung. He stays in Knoxville after the war. He becomes very close with Frank's family and forever after he is Cousins Spot. He's never Elliot or any other name. It's always Cousins, it never just spot, always Cousins Spot. And this is Cousins Spot's wife, Patty Booth McClung. They married in 1866, right after the war. She's not from Knoxville, but she moves to Knoxville with him. And they live here, both of them live, let's see, I think that both of them live almost to 1900 or just a little bit past. And it's interesting with Patty, she seems a little flashier than the other McClung women. You know, she's got her hair piled up and the comb on top and more ruffles and that sort of thing. She lived a few years longer than he did. And in her obituary, and I always thought that, you know, 2011, there's a campaign for breast cancer awareness and all of that, but it says right in her obituary that she died of breast cancer. It's not kind of a hidden fact, it's just stated very clearly that that was the cause of death. McClung women, Eliza Ann Mills, she came from St. Louis, Missouri. She's Frank's wife. She's the daughter of a banker. And they like to point out that at one time he did employ a lawyer to represent his interest in Illinois, A. Lincoln was his lawyer for a while in the early days. Frank's mother was also named Eliza Jane. So Eliza Ann, Eliza Jane, Mills and Morgan, it's very easy to get these two ladies confused because frequently they're just called Eliza. So keeping the generation straight is complicated here. But Eliza Jane was Frank's mother and also the son, the mother of Hugh, who was killed at 23 at Fort Donaldson. She's also mentioned several times in Ellen House's diary, referred to as the poor old lady and when she donates her son's blankets to be used in the Confederate hospital and jail. She has a number, she was a diarist, we have her diaries, and she starts every entry off with a weather report. And then she says, who died on that day? She lost siblings, she lost children, and almost every day of the year there's somebody whose anniversary of death it is and she mentions that in her diary. She's particularly focused on the death of her 37-year-old son Calvin, wait a minute, yes, Calvin. This would have been Frank's older brother. And then Frank himself had a Calvin who was a son, but Frank's older brother Calvin died at age 37 and his name appears frequently in his mother's diary. She also writes about Hugh and she says in the letters that he's a good boy, he's 22, he's finishing up college, he wants to go to Princeton, wants to do a full course at Princeton, but she thinks he needs to come back and work in the family business for a while, learn the value of money, and that he is sometimes prone to boyish indiscretions. Not sure what that means but, and she's widowed by that time, so she's raising this young man on her own. Frank, Hugh is the second to youngest. There's also a sister, Ellen, who is Frank's youngest sister. Matilda Mills, McClung, Tilly, is Frank and Eliza's first daughter. And she dies at age 14. Haven't found out why, but in this day and age, before antibiotics, appendicitis will kill you. Any kind of an infection, maybe lethal, there's still typhoid, smallpox, those kinds of diseases could take, otherwise healthy young adults. And then there's Ellen Marshall McClung Green. That's the lady who donated the money for this museum. This is Eliza, this is Frank's mother. She was married at age 16, had 10 children, and she was the one who lost her youngest son to the battle. This is her 10th child. This is the sister of Frank, Ellen McClung. She was a friend of Ellen House's and she is one of the, but she rebels that Brownlow later talks about. She's very much pro-Confederate as many of the young women were here in town, and that's another whole story is about the ladies in town and the participation that they had in the war effort. Now, Frank was born in Blunt Mansion. Blunt Mansion, of course, we know for its Revolutionary War Association, but he was the fifth of 10 children, he was born there. They did not own the house during the Civil War, the Boyd family did, but this is where this would have been his childhood home. He, Frank then moved to this residence at Cumberland and Walnut. Those are two different views of the same house. This is where Eliza lived during the war for the four years, although she did travel some also, even with five children. And this is a wonderful map of downtown where the red arrow is. Now off to the right, this corner up here, this is the Second Presbyterian Church, and then this is the Methodist Church, and this is near where the present-day post office is. This is where Frank's house was downtown. These pictures are wonderful because they have so much detail. When you enlarge them and you don't just get big pixel, you get more detail of the places and the features on them. This is wife of Frank. Her name was Eliza Mills McClung. She stayed in Knoxville when Frank left in 63 and she had five and six small children during the war here in Knoxville. And she had her picture taken regularly. This is Calvin. This is the man who started the McClung Collection downtown. And this is baby Eliza who didn't make it past the year. So many children died. So many, well, that's another whole topic too. These ladies were amazingly caught up in child-bearing, child-rearing, and very sadly child-bearing. There were so many children that died. You see her getting a little older and more tired. This is the last photograph that we have of her. That's a picture of Frank, the brooch at her neck. This is her daughter Tilly. Tilly apparently was everybody's favorite. She's the one who died at 14. She's buried in Old Grey Cemetery. Her portrait was painted by Lloyd Branson. I like this picture. He's doing a picture of himself here. And of course, Lloyd Branson is a very well-known local artist. He did this painting of Tilly and it hangs outside the president's office in the tower over here. So if you're ever up there and you see this picture, you'll know what the story is. Actually, it was painted from the photograph here. Right over here, you can see the image of her. This is where it was painted. And she is at Old Grey Cemetery. And interestingly, her brother, now remember Frank, it was in the war and he comes home, he gets pardoned, leads a good life. His son becomes treasurer of the United States under Taft. And there's a wonderful article by Jack Neely in Metropulse 2009. If you wanna read details of Frank's life, fascinating life, he died young, died of typhoid over in, I think he was in England and came back, never married. But there's correspondence downstairs. And he says in the first letter here that he was going through the old house with his brother and they found a daguerreotype which was taken by this man, of this man and Tilly, a little sister of mine. When you were a visitor in 1863, 1664, you were stationed in Knoxville and you had quarters at my father's house. This is the occupying army that's staying at his house. And for some reason they go downtown and they have their photograph taken together, a little girl and the officer. And years later, brother is saying, thought you might like a copy of this. And he says, oh, it's pleasure meeting you. Thank you very much for the picture. Again, it's that old, what a lovely war kind of concept. Unfortunately, I haven't yet found the picture of Tilly and the general. But as I said, she seemed to be a very charismatic little person and the kind of person that would be remembered this way. This is Frank's post-war home at church in Locust. Quite a place, very palatial. This is a picture of Ellen's wedding. It doesn't look like a lot of fun to me, but I think it was the high-class wedding of 1895. Ellen Marshall McClung Green. And she had her picture taken every year of her life. We'll go through, watch her grow up. Is that a wonderful picture? That wedding dress just doesn't seem to suit her. She seems very studious, very, you know, and the dress is very frilly, roughly. You know, they can do this with special effects in Hollywood, but this is a real person. Somebody who's not in the history books is her whole life documented in portraiture. Ellen and Judge Green never did have children, and Ellen seemed to be obsessed with the past and with her family's history. In this picture in 1898, she dressed up in her mother's clothes with the same jewelry, the same earrings, she did her hair the same way, and she sent this picture to a number of her mother's old friends and asked, do I look like her? And it was Ellen who collected so much of what we have here in our collection and what's over at Special Collections. She died at the age of 86, and she and Judge Green are in Old Grey Cemetery. I could stop here, I have one more story. Do you want me to go on? Okay, all right. This couple, I just think these are wonderful, just kind of a, could be a classic representation of the Old South. They're from Oxford, Mississippi, and his name is Francis Marion Green, wonderful Revolutionary War reference. He started a, the rifles, I don't know, I forget the regiment number, but the rifles from Oxford, Mississippi, and went into the war. He left his wife with two small boys, one was Judge Green, and he went to war. He ended up, whoops, went the wrong way. He ended up in Spotsylvania, Virginia in 1864. He was mortally wounded, and his wife got this four page letter from the chaplain, and this is one of those classic perfect death scenarios. There is a wonderful book here, I'm gonna skip down to this book by Drew Gilpin Faust. She's the new president of Harvard, first lady president of Harvard, and she wrote a book called Republic of Suffering, and it talks about how the American culture absorbed this incredible, overwhelming death in mass of the men of the population away from home, where you could not go through the established rituals of funeral and wake and religious service and all of that. And this letter is quite representative of what she was talking about, because it does talk about, this is from the chaplain, and it's to Mrs. Green, and it talks about the perfect death. And of course, as many did at those times, they lingered for days knowing they were dying, and that's what happened with him. This is his grave, you can't read it too well, but it does say Francis M. Green, and it's in Middlesburg, Virginia. And when I first read this book, I'm of course was very impressed with her scholarship and with all that goes along with researching the primary documents and a very important topic, and this is the dedication, McGee Tyson Gilpin. And you think, well, that sounds very familiar. It turns out that she is the great-granddaughter of General Tyson. That Tyson was married to Betty Humes McGee, and of course the Humes McGee, some of the Clungs, and her sister was married to one of Frank's sons, I believe. I have to check that out again at any rate. Again, the interrelationship of the families are amazing. I wrote to Dr. Faust, asked her to come talk to us, and she's busy. But she sent me a nice little note that said thanks for asking, so maybe in the four years of our sesquicentennial celebration, we can entice her to come down to talk. She's a first-rate scholar, and her ties to Knoxville are really quite close. And I've talked way over my time again. Thank you. Oh, put the lights on.