 The peripheral vascular disease or PAD could be treated with one of two ways. Traditional ways to do surgery on the leg were we do bypass, let's say there's a blockage in the middle of the thigh, we bring artificial material like a tube, we put it above the blockage and we connect it below the blockage, so we divert the blood flow to the leg. Now that is open surgery, it requires incisions, joint astegia, hospitalization, usually a few days of staying in the hospital and the recovery afterward to go back to work could be weeks. The alternative is to do minimally invasive revascularization procedure or angioplasty, where we go with the needle poke in the vessel, we go through the blockage with a tiny little wire and then we put devices like balloons or stands or a thirectomy devices where we shave the plaque and then that will open the blockage, usually the recovery is immediate patient could be discharged home the same day within two to four hours and then back to work in three days to full activities. This is really a brief summary of what you can expect in terms of treatment for your PAD. I'm here today in the company of my favorite patient, Mr. Baldarini, who actually came to me with the left leg pain when he walks. He is an insurance estimator, right? And in fact, sadly enough, he was having a lot of pain in his left leg when he was walking around work to give estimates that he even retired because of the discomfort that was causing him. It was slowing him down at work. So when I met him, I suspected that he has blockage in his left leg and we did the ultrasound on you and we diagnosed that he has 100% blockage in his left leg circulation just above the knee. We called the superficial femoral artery. So I took him to the CARAT lab and we did an angiogram and then we diagnosed that it is indeed 100% blocked. Then we actually went on to unblock your leg under conscious sedation. He was actually awake when we did it. It's all done from the groin, a little tiny incision. So the blockage that was 100% was full of calcium and clots and plaque and cholesterol and becomes very hard to open. So we have to use a device called Panthera device that is a catheter, has a shaving tip on it. So we went through the plaque, we shaved it a few times and the shaved part gets stored in the nose of the catheter. So it does not go downstream and block the vessels below the knee. And we have fantastic results, didn't we? So he came to me afterward. He is feeling like a million bucks and his leg pain has totally resolved. You are able to walk without limitation. Actually, he just told me that he is thinking about possibly considering a part-time job again. He is bored at home and he wants to be active again now that the reason for his retirement is treated. So any concerns you have right now about any of the treatment that you have? No, I just eventually would like to get off that blood thinner. I don't like a lot of medication. So we have to use a blood thinner on you for one year. I told you one year, we use baby estrin along with medications called Plavix. There are two other medications we can use based on the patient for one year. This is to keep the vessel open and flowing without clotting in the same area. And once the area hardens and the flow is stable, we can definitely stop the blood thinner. And you've been more active, which was what we talked about. You're following a localist diet. You know, we recommend the Mediterranean diet, which is recommended by the American College of Cardiology. And this diet has olive oil, has nuts, has chicken and fish, less beef, less dairies, more vegetables, more fruits along with daily exercise and walking program. So I really want the public to know that we have options to open blockages that are 100% or 90% or whatever it is that is causing symptoms to the person when they walk. So pain in the leg when you walk, don't ignore it. Don't think it is just a knee or a hip or some muscle. It could be circulation problem. And especially in people who have diabetes or who smoke. I used to smoke. Right. So those are the common risk factors that patients have. So when we open those blockages, it could be a life changing experience. And thank you for telling the public about your personal experience. I'm sure they will learn a lot from you.