 Dear participants, good afternoon to all of you and a very welcome from the National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology of the Srinagar Government of India. As it is reflected on the board that my topic is introduction to research which next slide. My presentation is divided into several parts as it is clearly reflected from the board what research is, why to undertake research and what are the divergent opinions on the research, characteristics of research, types of research, knowledge, the fountain of research and as well as there is summary. What research is? There are number of definitions on the research and I have quoted one among them. Research is an endeavor to discover, develop and verify knowledge. So far as the first aspect of the definition is considered, research is an attempt to discover knowledge. Discovery of knowledge is one of the important issue in the research process. What discovery means? Simply, discovery consists of seeing what everybody is seeing but thinking what everybody has not thought. In order to explain it in a broad perspective, let me quote Newton, everyone knows that before Newton thousands of people have seen for calling Apple on earth but it was Newton who gave the patient thought that why it happened because of his keen observation. So, discovery of knowledge, our research starts from the discovery of knowledge. Discovery of knowledge is the important and another aspect in the research is to develop knowledge. Yes, this is the central point in the research process because knowledge expires, knowledge lost its temporal validity, knowledge obsolete, knowledge becomes invalid and that is why we have to develop knowledge to make knowledge relevant to the contemporary era. I remember when I was introduced to the computer world, I was introduced to the DOS but DOS is gone. Now, you have now other operating systems. So, developing knowledge is the core in the research process and similarly you have the verification of knowledge. Very important aspect because we are living in the 21st century where knowledge expulsion has already taken place. We are bound to know which knowledge is correct, which knowledge is not correct. So, we have to keep all these aspects in mind because verification of knowledge will lead us towards the proper utilization of knowledge. Verification of knowledge lead us to the inquiry of separate and further I will hear, I want to quote a great point of the East Alamanca Iqbal and I will translate it for the audience. He says, Almi Ijad me jo ho sahibi Ijad karta hai har door me tawaf uska zamana. Iqbal says that when a person lives in his life, entire life is a research platform for him. If he do something, if he create something in the entire world, right still this world will be over. He will be remembered like Einstein. He has said he is equal to mc2 where everyone on this earth knows Einstein. So, research is a very intellectual process. It is not everybody's cup of tea. It is not a soft option. Research needs highly intellectual deep thinking. It needs broader perspective if you want to be a researcher. And research is a very dynamic process. It changes, it is objective from time to time, from situation to situation. The research objectives which you will set here will be different from those which you are setting from another country. So simply, research is that process which changes, which is always in a connoisseur context. But remember one thing, the slogan of researcher is never change. The slogan of researcher is the search for truth. From this presentation, it is clear that why we had to take this undertake research and we had to provide solutions, we had to create new knowledge. So, it is clearly reflected next month. Here, I have just divergent opinions on research because different people have different opinions. For a philosopher research may be a new idea, a new theory. But for a scientist, it is something different. It is an innovation discovery. Similarly, for intellectuals, it is a new generalization. And for students who are in the process of their PhD or who are busy with their dissertation, research may be their point to make their career. And especially in our initials in India, our initials have now become academic cap theories where our degrees, especially annual PhDs or degrees, are sold at handsome cost. Even to some professionals in the area of research. This research has become a source of livelihood. We are submitting a number of research projects not for the sake of knowledge, but for the sake to earn the money next month. Yeah, research over the years, it is with a question. When you doubt something, it becomes a problem. So, doubting or questioning on something, it becomes the beginning point for a research. All progress is born of research. One of the biggest future of the research is that it is a R&D concept. Now, we will come to the types of research. From the general point of view, research is of three types, fundamental research. It is a very tough research where you are creating entirely new knowledge, new theories. It is very easy to say, it is equal to MCS Care. But you can ask Einstein how much intellectual effort he may have put to develop is equal to MCS Care. This is an example of fundamental research. Next one, applied research. What our research is, we are doing in the entire world, much research goes in the field of applied research. When you have to find a solution to imitate problems which a person or a society or an organization is facing, next one. Yeah, action research, usually action research, what research which you are doing by involving your common sense, just in the first sessions are told that computer was having some problem. So, we can use our common sense in order to solve a number of problems. That research becomes a common sense research. Yeah, now the question is knowledge is the fountain of research. Yes, research process is revolving around the knowledge because knowledge is part of power. And power means control over a situation. Your knowledge revolves around, this research revolves around the knowledge. And knowledge is power. Those countries which have rich sources of knowledge, they are controlling the entire world. It is not because of this that we have a great population. So, you can control the situation only when you are having a knowledge. I will put a simple example. If you are going to operate an ATM machine and you know everything but you do not have the knowledge of PIN, you cannot control that machine because you are liking the knowledge. So, proper knowledge is very much necessary and creation, generation, discovery, all these are the goals of the knowledge. And it has been clearly reflected by the National Knowledge Commission that if India intends to be a developed country, then it has to develop. It is all knowledge resources. Yeah, how to research? We know it that, yeah, and we have to locate the research paper, we have to read the abstract and so on and so on. Yes, research is a highly academic activity. And other than an advanced, great activity, research is now considered as the highest level of education in any education system. And usually it starts from the master's level because you have a dissertation part in the master's and Amphil PhD is strictly the research. So, it acts as the highest level in any education system especially in India. It is because of research that we can keep our knowledge alive. Research is the backbone for sustaining in the global society in the contemporary era. And I believe that research is universal as well as global heritage because research can make human being sustainable in the contemporary era when he is having challenges and challenges 24 hours around his life. Thank you, sir. Over to sir.