 All of the ways of doing reporting in Excel is by using pivot table to quickly analyze and aggregate our data. Instead of using pivot table, we now have a new function in Excel that can do that and that function is what is referred to as the group by function. So we can use the group by function to summarize and analyze our data in Excel. For instance, we would like to see the total salary paid across the different departments and across the different work types. So how do we do that with the group by function? So let's take a look at how we can use the group by function to answer that question. So we say equals to group by function helps us to aggregate values by row fields. Now group by function has seven different arguments, three of which are very important why the remaining four are optional. Now the first important argument is a row field. Row field simply means the category that you want to do your report by. So in this case, I would like to do my report by department and work type. So I need to select category in the department and also the work type. We can pick the two at the same time. Now the second argument is the values. Value simply means the field that you want to aggregate to. In this case, I would like to aggregate my salary field. And the third function is the function. Function is talking about what kind of aggregation you would like to do. So you can decide to sum, you can decide to count to find the average, the minimum, maximum. Or you can decide to look for the percentage of the total salary. So any of them would do so for them. This is sum or sum aggregation. Now these are the first three important arguments of the group by functions. So we can decide to close our bracket now because others are optional. So close the bracket and hit on enter. Now we can see our results. So we now have the department, the work type and also the salary. I can also decide, I don't want to list some, we can look for the average. Now we have the average salary. Yes. Or you would like to see the percentage of the total salary that each of the departments is dropping. So we see that percentage of yes, we close the bracket and hit enter. Now we can see this. So this is how you can use the group by function to summarize your data. Now aside this first three arguments, you can also what you leverage on the optional argument as well. So let's see what the optional arguments are. So the first optional argument is the field headers. So field headers is talking about the heading. So do you want heading for it? By default it is no. So that's why it is not giving us anything. Decide to use yes but do it should. No but generate the yes and show. So let me put the yes and show. Close the bracket and hit enter. Now we have headings for the category for our report. Now, okay. So the next argument, so put the comma, which is the total debt. So total debt is talking about what total. What debt of total do you want to use? You want the grand total or you want sub total or the grand and sub total. So and also the position where you want the grand total to be. So by default that is also what we know total. So you can decide to pick grand total or the grand and sub total. This should be at the bottom. Or if you want it to be at the top, you have the grand total at the top or grand and sub total at the top. Any way you want it, you can pick any one. So let me pick the grand and you want to be at the bottom. And close the bracket and hit enter. Now we have our grand total and also the sub total for each department. So executive management, this is it for facility. This is it. Now in fact let me change this aggregation to sum, 10% sum and we have it. So aside the total debt, we also have the sort order. So you can decide that you want to sort your reports here in ascending or descending order. And you can decide which column you want to use to sort these reports. You can sort by the department or by the work type or by the salary. So if you have summing by department, department here is the first column. So that means you are using one to sort it. If it is by the work type, it has to be two. And if it is by the salary, it has to be three. Any of the options. So let's first for use the departments. So pick one, close the bracket and enter. So once you do one, basically means sort this thing for me in ascending order. But if I wanted to sort it by department in descending order, I would gain my one to negative one. Then enter. My habit in ascending order saves on marketing, research, manufacturing, legal, IT, HR, finance and others like that. So it is sorting the output by the department. Or if I want to sort it by the salary. That's in descending order of the salary. Three outputs to sort it that way. So that's on the sort order. And finally, which is the filter array. So I can also decide how to filter these reports. For instance, I wouldn't like to see the report. I wouldn't like to see salary across the finance department. I'm not interested in all other departments. Then I would say department. So filter is going to be out of filter by department. I'll pick the department and say where the department is equals to finance. Close the code, close the bracket and enter. So it's going to give me only finance. Same thing. If I don't want to see what I want to do by legal, sorting the finance to legal. I have legal in it. What if I only want to see all the department except legal. Then I can see what when the department is not equals to legal. Then you see all the department or what legal will excluded from the list. So this is how you can use the group by function to quickly analyze and summarize your data. Thank you very much.