 PGC for 1-alpha plays a critical role in mitochondrial function and ROS metabolism. It is regulated by several factors including SIR T1 slash 3, TFAM, and AMPK, as well as NFKAPB, which is involved in both the immune system and oxidative stress. Under inflammatory conditions, NFKAPB reduces PGC, 1-alpha expression, leading to decreased antioxidant gene expression and increased oxidative stress. This results in a vicious cycle whereby low PGC, 1-alpha levels lead to further oxidative stress, which in turn increases NFKAPB activity, perpetuating the inflammatory response. This article was authored by Othman Abu-Shelbeah, Tasneema Room, Silke Moris, and others.