 everybody and welcome to the class. We have been doing a lot of things in class over these lectures and our past lectures and every time I tell you something new. Of course today also we will learn something new, we will learn about culture, about how the Japanese behave, about how the Japanese interact in our coming lessons and lectures. But today, we will do how to say politely, how to use the polite expression in Japanese and how to request people to do something. So, well before that I will as usual, as always I do the assignments with you. We will do the assignments today before we actually start with our class. So, well are you ready? All of you geared up for more Japanese? So, well let us begin now. Hajime ma shou? I desu ka? Hajime ma shou ka? Hai, ja hajime ma shou ne? The first assignment that I had given you last time was circle the correct spellings. Spellings are extremely important because in Japanese we have the long sound. So, thus we need to concentrate on spellings as well. The first one is Tanaka san wa shizuka na kata desu. Na over here is for shizuka which is a na adjective. Watashi wa shumatsu ni kunie kaerimasu. Ni over here is for this time expression, shumatsu. Kinou no yoru amegafuri mashita. Ta is for the past is for kinou. Watashi wa tokyou ni sumitai. Tou, kyouu. Please remember in English we write T-O-K-Y-O but in Japanese it is T-O-O-K-Y-O, tokyou-O. So, please it is a double sound. Nihongo kurasu wa ku-ji-han ni hajimarimasu. Ni over here is for time. Eki kara takushii de kaerimashita. Takushii, please that is a long sound over there. Watashi wa sensei ni tokyou sashiyage mashita. Sensei ni over here is for to sensei. Then we have anata wa mainichi nanji ni sanpo o shimasu ka. So, well this was spellings over here. This is a simple exercise where you are to ask price. Look at these objects here. They are given in English. You are to write in Japanese. You know all the words over here. I do not need to tell you anymore. You can use kore-kono-koko to ask price. You can use dare also for who possesses what over here, whose watch it is, whose book it is, is it Tanaka-san's book and ikura of course is for price. So, you can do small conversation, important conversation by just looking at this picture. Then we have match the kanji in column A with pictures in column B. So, let us see these are the kanji is given. Simple kanji is over here with some pictures for you. So, well, the first one is hon-ue on top of this. Ouki desu, te watashi no te desu, hito miru, Tanaka-san wa terubi wo mimasu and kuchi. So, well these were some of the kanji characters given. I hope you did it alright. Take the correct kanji characters from the readings given. Well, you have the readings over here. You have to take the kanji corresponding to the reading. So, well, this is han-kan. Kan is time period kan. Han means half. This is tsuki meaning moon, mei, eyes, karada, body, chichi, fada, hanasu to talk, yomu to read and pun is minutes. So, well, this was readings and kanji for you. Please try to remember these kanji. These are important. You can do lot of games with kanji. Jumble them up, put them on a table. Try to match kanji characters. Try to match the readings. It is interesting and you learn as well. Then, we have assignment 5 which is make proper questions to fit the answers given below. So, well, the question is given over here. The answer is given here. Read the answer first and then try to fit in the question words or whatever fits in best. Sensei wa anata ni nani okuremashita ka? Watashi ni jishou okuremashita. Give it to me. Kono shatsu wa Tanaka san no desu ka? Iie, Tanaka san no de wa arimasen. Ginko no soba ni nani ga arimasu ka? Hanaya ga arimasu. So, this is the answer. Hanaya ga arimasu. Ginko no soba ni nani ga arimasu ka? Kesa dash o yomimashita ka? Iie, zashi o yomimashita. So, what should the question be over here? Kesa shinbu no yomimashita ka? Iie, zashi o yomimashita. Anata no oto oto wa dash desu ka? Amerika ni imasu. So, what should the question be? Anata no oto oto wa doko desu ka? Amerika ni imasu. Maenichi okaasan ni dash denwa wo shimasu ka? San-kai desu. So, the answer is san-kai. What should be the question? Maenichi okaasan ni nan-kai denwa wo shimasu ka? How many times san-kai desu or san-kai shimasu. Now, fill in the blanks with appropriate verbs. Well, you have done itadaku, ageru, morau, sashi ageru. So, let us see what all verbs are going to fit where. Watashi wa sensei ni denwa bangou wo itadaki mashita or itadaita for plain form. And ni over here is from. Tomodachi wa watashi ni takai toke wo kuremashita. Give it to me. Watashi wa Rao-san ni shatsu wo ageta, agemashita, ageru, agemasu or moratta, morai mashita. So, this sentence over here can have any of these as the answer. Watashi wa Rao-san ni shatsu wo agemashita. I gave it to Rao-san. Watashi wa Rao-san ni shatsu wo morai mashita. I received a shirt from Rao-san. So, any of these can fit in over here. Okaasan wa watashi ni okane wo kureta. Give it to me. Okaasan is older. So, kuremashita. Watashi wa ototo ni ii kamera wo ageta or agemashita or again you can use moratta. I received from my brother. Tanaka-san wa oku-san ni kireina doresu wo ageta. Over here it is only ageta because of dress. So well, Tanaka-san gave a dress to his wife. It cannot be moratta because it is a dress. So, you have to remember when to use moratta and when to use ageta. Watashi wa tarou-kun ni omoshiroi shatsu wo moratta or ageta. Again, both can be used over here. Kanai wa watashi ni atarashii nekutai wo kureta. Again, it is nekutai, thus kuremashita and kanai. Watashi wa buchou ni wine wo sashiageru, ageru itadaku. So, it can be any of these. Buchou is obviously higher in rank. So, sashiageru. If you are informal, ageru and itadaku, of course, you are receiving from buchou, then you have to say itadaku. Informal, murau. We have another assignment for you. Look at the pictures and answer the questions. Well, let us see what the pictures are. This is something you have done when we did hanami, if you remember. This is called dango. This was a listening comprehension for you. There is one kind of dango here on the plate and there is another kind of dango which is being roasted. Dango is made out of rice, sticky rice and it is over here, it is salty. So, well, this was the passage that I had read out to you. You can read it now. This is dango. This is also dango. Dango is a famous food in Japan. Children and adults love dango. Dango is sweet and delicious food. There are many kinds of dango in Japan. For example, amai dango, kurino dango, yaki dango, hanami dango, goma dango. Hanami dango is made during hanami. I ate delicious dango with my friends at the school yesterday. It was delicious, so we will eat dango tomorrow as well. The answers are given over here. New word over here for you is take gushi. Take gushi is, if you look at the picture again, you have the dango stick. Dango is R. The dango is or R as in English, R put into it and roasted. Over here, you can see the meaning. It is given. This is the new word for you. Hanami dango is another one. Hanami dango is made when you celebrate hanami or you go watch. Sakura flowers, that time you make special dango that is called hanami dango. There is goma which is sesme. Sesme dango is also made. All these dangos are very special, very tasty and this was the assignment. You can go through the answers and see whether you have done them correctly or not. There is one thing which is new over here, this bone. Bone is a counter and I am going to discuss about bone very soon. We have been doing counters for quite some time now and you have done a number of counters like counting people, counting small objects, counting big objects and counting dates, counting a lot of other things. One more counter today for you that is pon or bone. This is used to count specially long cylindrical things, long cylindrical objects like bottles, logs. You could have pencils, you could have brushes, pens, all these long cylindrical brooms, long cylindrical objects are all counted using this counter over here. So, well, we will practice this very quickly and then go ahead with our lesson. You could repeat after me Ippon, Nihon, Sambon, Yohon, Gohon, Roppon, Nanahon, Happon, Kyuhon, Juppon and of course when you have to ask how many there are Nambon Arimasu ka? So, well, you will see over here Ichi, Ippon, Roppon, Happon and Juppon are pon. All the others are in hon or bon, Sambon. So, well, you will remember them slowly, gradually when to use pon and when to use hon. So, well, now you will be able to count how many Take ushi were there on the plate very easily. You can also practice over here hon, bon or pon for long cylindrical objects. Over here you can see some bottles bin. So, bin wa Nambon Arimasu ka? Can you tell me? We just practiced hon, bon and pon, how many Ippon, Nihon, Sambon, Yohon and Gohon. So, we have Gohon Arimasu. You have another picture over here. You have brushes over here. Well, Fude wa Nambon Arimasu ka? So, well, let us count Ippon, Nihon, Sambon, Yohon, Gohon, Roppon, Nannaon, Happon, Kyuhon and Juppon. So, let us see how many there are Juppon arimasu. Then, we have another picture for you where you have a lot of pencils, Enpitsu ga arimasu ne, koko ni. Ja, Nambon Enpitsu arimasu ka? Ja, chotto mite mi wo. Hai, pen to Enpitsu wa Nambon arimasu ka? How many are there? Ippon, Nihon, Sambon, Yohon, Gohon, Roppon, Nannaon, Happon and Kyuhon and this is just the cap. Kyuhon arimasu. So, I am sure now you can practice your pon, bon and hon easily with your partner. You can show a number of things, long cylindrical objects and you can ask how many they are and answer as well. But please remember one thing, it is very, very essential that you have to count whenever you count or whenever you speak in Japanese. In fact, always speak loudly and practice loudly. What can be heard very clearly by you is most important. Now, today we will do this matte kudasai. In fact, we will do te kudasai, verb in te kudasai form. This is requesting people to do something for you. Well, let us see the conversation first. We will listen to the conversation and then go ahead. Kono shousetsu yomimashita ka? Iie, mada desu. Omoshiroi shousetsu desu yo, yonde kudasai. Hai, ima kaimasu. Rao san, watashi wa okane harau kara. Harau naide ne. Arigatou gozaimasu. Wakarimashita ka, minasan. Sukoshi guraio wakatta desu. Ja kondo watashi wa yomimasu kara. Yoko kiite kudasai. Yamada san to Rao san no kaiba desu. Kono shousetsu o yomimashita ka? Iie, mada desu. Omoshiroi shousetsu desu yo, yonde kudasai. Hai, ima kaimasu. Rao san, watashi wa okane harau kara. Harau naide ne. Arigatou gozaimasu. So well, this is a simple conversation between Yamada san and Rao san. They are at the book shop and Yamada says, Kono shousetsu o yomimashita ka? Have you read this book? Iie, mada means not yet. Omoshiroi shousetsu desu yo. It is a very interesting novel. Yonde kudasai. Please read. Hai, ima kaimasu. So, he says I will buy it right away. Rao san, watashi wa okane harau kara. Harau naide ne. Rao san, I am going to pay for this book, so do not pay. So, Rao san obviously will say arigatou gozaimasu. Thank you very much. So, there are a couple of things which are new. Mada as I told you means not yet. Yonde kudasai. Please read. You have already done this kudasai earlier. We will discuss it right away and then harau naide kudasai. So, well we will do it right now. Now you can I am sure read as we have done Hiragana and Katakana also. You can read I am sure you will be able to read quite a few of this easily, whatever you cannot, you can look up a dictionary and see the word meaning. This is a translation of what we just read. Sometimes it is not exact translation, it is what one would say in English. So, please keep that in mind when you are reading this. Now we did te kudasai just now, verb in te kudasai form you can read what is given over here. I will explain right away. Do you remember doing this word kudasai? We did it in the beginning with noun o kudasai, please give the noun to me. For example, if it is hon o kudasai, please give the book to me or ringo o kudasai meaning please give the ringo to me, I am going to buy it. So well over here noun o kudasai. Now this kudasai is being used with verb kudasai, verb in te form plus kudasai. Basically this te form is new, te form actually with the help of te form you can say a lot of things, you can express better, you can join a lot of verbs together and say what you want to say in a better way. You can convey more in short, so thus te form is extremely essential, it is important and we will be doing a lot of te form using a lot of te form in different combining it with different things and saying learning new ways of speaking in Japanese, saying more complicated things, making more difficult sentences, trying to say what we actually want to say. So well over here you can see noun o kudasai and verb in te kudasai form. Now what I want to do first is I want you to practice this and then I will tell you what exactly it is. Well o yoi de kudasai, kaette kudasai, atte kudasai, katte kudasai, migaite kudasai, hanashite kudasai, kaite kudasai, yonde kudasai, waratte kudasai, tabete kudasai, mite kudasai, nete kudasai, akete kudasai, shimete kudasai, shirabete kudasai, okite kudasai, dete kudasai, kangaete kudasai. So well you will see that in this section you have te as only te plus the verb and kudasai. But over here in this column you have i, d, e, t, t, e, i, t, e, n, d, e, sh, i, t, e. So you have a lot of te form over here which is different from what we have been talking about. Well that is there is a reason for it and I will just tell you what the reason is. Form 2 is group 2. So it is very simple all verbs in E R U and I R U are in group 2 and by just removing the mass form and adding te to it, you can get the te form for group 2. For example, mi masu tabe masu, mi te tabe te, remove the mass form over here. It is easy to do it thus we are doing like this but there is also a different way of doing it. Then for group 1, there are a lot of exceptions in group 1 besides the normal group 1 verbs. All verbs ending in U and R U are in group 1. Now what you have seen over here is i, d, e, n, d, e, sh, i, t, e, i, t, e, t, t, e. The verb is over here. So well the reason is that there are a lot of exceptions in group 1. There are a lot of verbs which end in ku, gu, bu, su, mu, nu, two vowels, su. So there are a lot of verbs ending in this and thus we have all this variation over here. That is the reason you will see that there are lot of different endings over here. But well you do not have to be worried, it looks very difficult but it is not that difficult at all. The sound is very simple, you just get used to the sound and you start using it in conversation. So well let us see, we will practice and you will get to know what is he doing. The verb is kiku, kiite kudasai, sensei ni kiite kudasai. The verb is suru, there is a denwa over here and the verb is to do denwa, well shite kudasai and what is it? Denwa wo shite kudasai. Well the next picture is kaku is writing over here. Kaite kudasai, namae wo kaite kudasai, then miru, sensei is teaching in class, teaching kanji in class and then mite kudasai and kokuban wo mite kudasai. Kokuban is the blackboard, kokuban wo mite kudasai. Well we can practice more now, there is more practice for you. You can see two gentlemen over here, he is giving money to Tanaka san, well what is it? Kashi te kudasai, okane wo kashi te kudasai, so please lend me some money, kiku, she is looking at the menu, a little worried, what do you do, waitress ni kiite kudasai, kiite kudasai, kore wa nandesu ka, kiite kudasai, kiku also means to listen, to hear as you have done in your previous lessons, kiku also means to ask, ireru is putting it in the post, well 入れて kudasai and post ni 入れて kudasai. Then we have nomu nonde kudasai, kohi wo nonde kudasai. So well, now I want you to practice, let us see whether you remember your verbs well or not. So we have this gentleman going to the post office for what, tegami wo okutte kudasai, okurimasu is to send, what do we have over here, people watching a film, so what is watching? Watching is, can you tell me, watching is miru, ega wo mite kudasai, then we have someone just gotten up, so well, shikenaru kara goji ni okite kudasai. So well, you have a test tomorrow, goji ni okite kudasai. Someone is just about to drink tea, kocha wo nonde kudasai. So it is a request for someone to do as the verb is saying. So I am requesting you to do something for me is te kudasai or de kudasai form. This is shinbun wo yonde kudasai. Another one is writing, shigoto wo shite kudasai or report wo kaite kudasai. Any of these you can use or benkyou shite kudasai, any of these you can use and practice te kudasai. Well, there is a small dialogue over here, irassha imase, sumimasen ano kutsushita wo misete kudasai. Dore desu ka, asoko no akai kutsushita desu, okyakusama kore desu ka, hai, sou desu. So I am quite sure that you would have understood all of it over here and I do not need to explain anything except irassha imase. Irassha imase is a phrase which is used when you either go to someone's house, you enter someone's house or you enter a shop meaning welcome. Irassha imase, most of the time it is used in shops, in hotels, in restaurants, in all these places. Okyakusama, it could have been san also over here. Sama is on-rific meaning exactly the same, okyakusama means guest or customer. So well, instead of kutsushita you can use kutsu, boushi, tokei, kaban, jisho, any of this and instead of akai you can use shiroi, ookii, kawai, chiisai and misete kudasai. Please show it to me, it is a request to show something to you. So when you say please tabete kudasai, mite kudasai, atte kudasai, itte kudasai, swatte kudasai, non de kudasai, matte kudasai, it means that you are requesting the person to do something for you. That is what the verb is saying, please do this for me, that is what te kudasai means. Well, now we have this is an exercise for you. I hope you remember this picture. We did it in one of our lessons. Look at the picture carefully, try to remember where you saw it, I have something to say about the picture, listen to it carefully and then answer the questions that are given. So well, yoku kite kudasai ne, minasan. Watashitachi wa kono e wo mai ni mimashita. Kore wa doyuu mono desu ka, sore mo benkyo shimashita. Kono e no naka no mono wa nihongo de nan to imasu ka, sore mo kurasu de sensei ga oshiemashita. Watashitachi wa mai ni oshiemashita yo ne, minasan ni, dakara mite kudasai. Kono mono wa donna matsuri ni kazarimasu ka, ima wakarimasu ne, omoidashimashita ka? Ja, minasan, ima iro iro omoidashimashita kara, minasan ni shitsumo no shimasu, ganbatte kudasai ne. Ganbatte kotaite kudasai, ganbatte kaite kudasai, i desu ka? Minna de ganbarimashou, shitsumo no yomimasu ne, minasan, e no naka no mono wa nan desu ka? Wakarimasu ka? E no naka no mono wa nan desu ka? Hai, e no naka no mono wa ningyou desu. E no mono wa dochira no mono desu ka? Dono kuni no mono desu ka? Dochira no mono desu ka? Hai, nihon no mono desu. Kono mono wa donna matsuri ni kazarimasu ka? Matsuri no namae o yuette kudasai. Donna matsuri desu ka? Kono aida watashitachi wa kurasu de menkyou shimashita yo ne. Ja, kotaite kudasai. Hai, Hinamatsuri desu. Matsuri wa dochira no matsuri desu ka? Mochiron, nihon no matsuri desu. Nihon no mono desu kara, nihon no matsuri desu. Matsuri wa nan gatsu ni arimasu ka? Wakarimasu ka? Hai, san gatsu ni arimasu. Matsuri wa nan to imasu ka? Asaki watashi wa imashita kara nan to imasu ka? Hinamatsuri desu or doll festival desu. Nihon no yumei na Hinamatsuri desu. Ja, ne, minasan, ima takusan wakatta kara jibun de chiisana sakubu no kaite kudasai. Hai, dou deshita minasan, wakarimashita ka zenbu? Wakarimashita? Ja, ganbatte uchi de kaite kudasai. Hai, koko ni zenbu kaite arimasu kara yonde mite kudasai, soshite shitsumon mo arimasu, kotae mo arimasu. Hai, douzo, ninyo, nihon, Hinamatsuri, nihon, san gatsu to Hinamatsuri or doll festival desu. You can also look up the net and see about the doll festival and you can write a small, a very small essay, may be 10 lines, a small composition on Hinamatsuri, that could be your shukudai. Well, we have other things to do now. So, there is a small expression over here. You have Tanaka san and Mariko san over here and Tanaka san is giving something to Mariko san. What is the expression? Ano tsumaranai mono desu ga meshi agatte kudasai. This is when you just start a conversation, tsumaranai means something very small. It is a small thing. So, when you give a present to someone, however big it may be, it is always tsumaranai mono desu ga. It is a small thing, but please meshi agatte kudasai. So, meshi agarimasu is polite for tabemasu and thus this is a cake. So, meshi agatte kudasai please have it, please eat it and the reply is arigatou gozaimashita. So, please remember whenever you visit someone, you take a present and when you give the present, this is the phrase to be used tsumaranai mono desu ga meshi agatte kudasai. And as we always do, we are going to do katakana and the sa series sa. You can see how the stroke order is 1, 2 and 3 and there is a slight slant over here. So, please keep that in mind sa shi and with shi, it is very important. It goes from here towards the top over here and not the other way round, it is from bottom to top. Sa shi, you can see it very clearly now, please notice the first stroke is this and the second stroke is this and not the other way round. Well, sometimes we do learn incorrect method of writing but well, you have it given right here and you can practice and learn and then you have it all in front of you, all in one. You can see very clearly what stroke to write first. Now, we have some kanji characters over here, some kanji's you have done, some kanji's we will do. Today we have this kanji over here na kanji. You know the word, you have done namae and we will do the kanji right away. One, two, three, this character you have done kuchi, do you remember doing kuchi? All of you, no, like this, my drawing is very bad, well, one, two, three, four and five. One, two, three, four, five and six. It is a six stroke character na, namae no na, namae is name. The first letter in namae is the first kanji character na. Once again for you over here, one, two, three, four, five and six. It is a six stroke character as is given over here. Then we have done this word, soto, opposite of naka is soto, naka, naka and soto, similar character and to. It is a five stroke character, one, two, three, four and five, like this. Now, the word that I am going to give you, you already know the word. You have already been using that word, simple word over here, well, the word is namae as we just now did, namae na na, the other word is gaikoku, soto means outside, naka means inside. Another reading for soto is gai and this character, if you remember we did, koku means country, so gai koku, meaning foreign country, which is outside yours, so gai koku, once more for you, gai koku, gai koku and of course, if you add gin over here, hito over here, it becomes gai koku, gin meaning a foreigner. So, please remember these are two characters, namae, namae, then gai koku and gai koku and gin over here, you have foreigner over here. So, these are words that you have already done, now you can remember them as kanji characters. Anytime you see them, you will know how to pronounce it and namae of course, is very important because anytime you need to fill a form in Japanese, the first place that you need to fill and to concentrate on is, there are some words over here, meibutsu, the meanings are given, these are just some words which you can remember, make sentences with and feel more comfortable, meibutsu, gai koku go. Of course, as we are doing it in India, for us Japanese is a gai koku go, which is the foreign language, gai rai go, any Japanese word is a foreign word for us, meijin as you can see is a master or an expert at something, igai is beyond or besides and soto kabe, soto one reading is soto outside, kabe is a wall. Then we have been doing koto waza in each lesson for quite some time now. Today, this is very interesting, a simple koto waza over here, makeru ga kachi, makeru means to lose, kachi means to win. So, if you want to win, you actually have to really, really work hard and lose some time because when you lose, you want to work more, you work very hard and your road to victory is clear. So, well for us also, we are doing Japanese, we are working very hard, it is difficult, it is not simple, but you do not have to feel bad at all. When you make mistakes, it does not matter, you should not feel bad because when you make mistakes, you learn and you want to work hard and do better. So, the more mistakes you make, the better it is, the more you learn, makeru ga kachi. Anytime you make a mistake, do not feel bad, this is when you are actually going to work very, very hard and learn more. So, please remember this koto waza, this koto waza is very, very important for us, for all of us here. We should not feel bad about mistakes or making mistakes, we should not feel shy, just keep going ahead. Defeat is the first step towards victory. So, anytime, remind yourself of this and things will seem better. Well now, let us see what we have next. There is vocabulary, you can do this vocabulary at home, I will just read it out once for you to get the pronunciation. You could also repeat after me, kasu, kariru, 入れる, iraschaimase, meshiagaru, okyakusan. And please remember, okuyaku, the ku in the end is silent, okyakusan, miseru, okuru, okoru, shitsumon and kotai. So, the meanings are given over here, you can repeat it also at home and practice. And now, my time is over, your time begins, you have to do your shukudai at home and go over the lesson. The first one is of course, as we always do, match group A with group B. Then we have these sentences for you over here, you have to join these sentences and make a single sentence out of it. There is fill in the blanks, then there is these pictures and what you have to do is, you have to practice how to request people to do something for you and then there is counters, please write about these counters and try to see which counter is going to be used where. Then we have match group A with group B, make good sentences, make proper sentences, they are all jumbled up and this is going to give you good practice to speak as well. That is all for today. We have done a lot of things, new things, you can practice te kudasai, you can practice numbers, you can practice counters over here. You can do simple small conversation over here and rest, we will do in our next lesson. Till then, chayounara arigatou gozaimasu, minasan mata aimashou.