 Dear students, now we are going to study media and the public sphere. Before talking the relationship between media and public sphere, let us see the concept of public sphere. When we talk about the contemporary understanding of the public, the concept of the public sphere, the name comes to our mind is that Georgian Habemas, who is a German sociologist, critical thinker and a member of Frankfurt School of Sociology. He said that when we talk about the public sphere or defined public sphere, the public sphere is a place where citizens come together, exchange opinions regarding public sphere, discuss it and deliberate it and eventually form public opinion. He studied the European societies and he said that in the 19th century, the pub of the European society was actually a place where people sit together and discuss the political or social issues and form the public opinion. And he was of the view that until the invention of the printing press, the citizen came together in a particular space where they discuss issues with other people and he considered it as a that particular place as a public sphere. So the development of mass communication has changed the nature of the public sphere from a physical space to a communication structure. And he believed that the development of printing press in this regard is a stepping stone in developing a communication structure and that communication structure turned into a public sphere. Gummy 2008 describes following elements of public sphere in modern society and those elements are concentrationally granted civil liberties, pre-plural and independent media system not under state control, access to public information, civil society, sites of everyday talk about public sphere, public sphere. And in this regard, role of media is very much important and media plays a central role in creating and shaping public opinion of the people. And media protects the rights of the people and media projects the issues of the people in front of the government and influence the government to address the public issues. So whenever we talk about public sphere and media relationship, then media is a central feature of public sphere according to mass, judge in Habermas and he thinks that media has contributed a lot in this regard.