 Hello everyone, welcome back to Dentistry and more. Now we are moving on to question paper discussion. So these question papers are listed on a chapter wise basis. These are Kuhas question papers that is Kerala University of Health Science. So from 2014 to the latest question papers and last 2020. So by now we finished most of the topics in public health industry. So I suggest you to read most of the chapters then come for this video otherwise you will not get many answers. So first complete your preparation then come for this question papers. So this is the last step just before you are going to your university exam. So this should be the last step as a finishing of your preparation. So we will start with the first chapter that is introduction to dentistry. So most commonly two questions are asked from this chapter that is functions of DCI and Indian Dental Association. So DCI and Indian Dental Association we know DCI you write about a little bit of history how it is formed after the dentist act and can write about the composition then about the functions of DCI. That is pretty much enough to get the three marks or five marks it is asked only as a short note. The second question is Indian Dental Association or IDA. So similarly you can write about its history then its composition its function sometimes questions will be there about the dentist act of India but it is very rarely asked dentist act of India you need to write about very briefly about the five chapters where you can elaborately write about the second chapter that is dental council of India. The second chapter is about public health. So the question is primary health care and the principles of primary health care. So you need to write the definition it has two marks so always see the marks distribution the six marks is for the principles of primary health care. So there are four principles or you know that equitable distribution community participation all those four principles you need to write. Then describe the chemical plaque control it actually this question is not to be here this is coming under epidemiology of periodontal disease. Anyway plaque control we have mechanical plaque control and chemical plaque control you need to list out all the methods and write or elaborate to get eight marks. Always you need to think of the marks when you are writing if it is very short answer short essay or long essay you need to build up the content according to the marks. After that we have epitomological triad we know epitomological triad agent host and environmental factors you can elaborate with example of any disease. Then public health and describe detail about the changing concept of public health. So we learnt concepts of public health and concepts of health. So it is always a confusing one. First we know biomedical, ecological, psychosocial and holistic concept whereas the public health is different we have disease control phase, social engineering phase, health for all phase. So health is about a person and public health is about a group of people. So don't get confused. So here also there is a definition it has two marks so this will be around six marks. So always think about the parts of a question don't just jump into one side of the question. So you might be knowing in detail about the changing concept of public health but if you are not addressing this part you might lose two or three marks. So always make sure you address all parts of the question. Now we have few short notes here primary health center natural history of disease germ theory. So we have learnt in detail about concept of causation. So natural history of disease and germ theory comes in concept of causation you need to write elaborate it with examples. Changing concepts of health care this is a very confusing one. So we learnt about health and public health but the health care is a different one the concepts of health care are comprehensive health care concept the primary health care concept and the concept which was started in board committee. So all those concepts are coming under health care so this is health care how the health is provided this is public health and one is health. So these three are always get confused health care how the government or how the state is providing health to the public through comprehensive health care or basic health services or primary health care so it all comes under health care delivery system this question is actually coming under health care delivery system. So don't get confused health care is different health is different and public health is different. Now we are moving to dental public health. So here we have the definition of dental public health then the dental public health problems in India. So we studied about in detail dental public health problems the tobacco problem the cancer problem so all those you need to write and discuss about the national health program which is associated with dental public health that is the national tobacco control program cancer control program so all those you need to write and don't forget about the definition. Now we have short notes that is difference between public health industry and clinical industry we know that the various steps and characteristics of public health method how it is done we know the 6 to 8 steps are there characteristics of public health methods we have learnt it in the short note series then duties of public health dentists it is a little bit tricky question duties of public health dentists. So you already know how a public health dentistry works. So public health dentists duties are to control the disease of a public clinical dentists control the disease of a person so as a public health dentist he needs to educate the people he needs to put forward some programs some plans so that it controls the diseases so you need to think of a group of people rather than an individual so the same thing a little bit modified version you can write here duties of a public health dentist the same problems the same dental problems which affects a person you can think of a group of people and write accordingly then tools of dental public health also we learnt the five tools of dental public health the preventive dentistry epidemiology all those things. Now we are into the chapter water water the most common question is defined portable water portable water is a water which is free of microorganisms germs and which is palatable drinkable water and see this is various methods of purification of water that is we have small scale and large scale don't jump into the filtration method you need to write about the small scale and large scale in large scale you can write in detail about the filtration methods and all so small scale we know what are the small scale boiling the potassium permanganate and the chlorine tablets all those things and the large scale we have learned in detail with those so slow sand and rapids and filtration so read the question paper and read the question in detail give one or two minutes okay it won't be a loss for you because sometimes you might end up writing the wrong answer or end up writing an answer which is not required for that particular question so always read the question properly various methods of purification of water so next in short essays the same question has been repeated the safe and wholesome water is nothing but portable water so safe and wholesome is nothing but portable water and the methods of purification of water at community level so here it is asked at a community level that is large scale here it was asking small scale and large scale okay then you need to write about rapids and filtration so you need to write the definition you need to write about the methods and in detail about the rapids and filtration you can draw a flow chart or a diagram then the small scale purification of water okay small scale is completely different on a household how you purify water is being asked and the next question is also define portable water purification of rapids and filters and add a note on back washing okay then steps in water purification and rapids and filtration in short notes the expected questions chlorination rapids and filtration the white layer sorry the vital air and breakpoint chlorination vital air has many names schmutz take biological air is ugly layer so any name you can expect breakpoint chlorination the video we have studied you need to draw a picture and you need to write about the 0.5 milligram per liter free residual chlorine should be there and the amount to reach a saturation level okay and waste management so in waste management the composting we know anaerobic that is a Bangalore method of composting you need to draw a picture you need to write about the specifications and the Bangalore method see here the same question being asked as a short essay and short note so you need to write different content or the content should be elaborate for the short essay because this carries 8 marks and this has five or three marks okay so that is Bangalore method again composting so composting can write the aerobic and anaerobic here you can compress your content because it has only three or five marks and write about incineration the types of incineration and methods of solid waste disposal the same question you can write for a long essay 14 mark question but here it is asked just for three marks so you need to compress your content and write it only the major names and specifications is required and categories of biomedical waste all those 10 categories you need to write and little bit about the color coding now we are moving on to the main chapter that is general epidemiology so the common questions are always classify and define epidemiology then sometimes it will be experimental sometimes it will be analytical and sometimes it will be cohort study again experimental again the randomized control trial or this experimental is nothing but the randomized control trial in experimental we can have non-triantamized also okay again okay so next question is define epidemiology discuss the host agent and environmental factors affecting dental carries this is we studied in epidemiology of dental carries that triangle or the triangle where the agent host and environmental factors all those things which is associated with dental carries and also you can write about the tetrad tetrad of dental carries so in short notes as we expect the prevalence incidence bias and vital air again see the vital air it is actually from what a purification not supposed to be here anyway prevalence incidence you need to write about the types of prevalence how we calculate the numerator the denominator all those things we learned in tools of epidemiology and bias so this is a three mark of five mark questions you know a lot of content but compress it and write for the required marks next we are in epidemiology etiology of prevention of dental carries okay so this is same question epidemiological at a note on time factor this is you need to write about the tetrad of dental carries and you can mention about Stephens curve also Stephens curve and the next question is same question agent and dental carries and again we have time factor same question been repeatedly asked 15 17 and 19 so it might come in 2021 so next question is prevention so prevention of dental carries so we learned individual community and professional level primary level secondary level and tertiary level though that big chart hope you remember that chart how we studied so that things you need to elaborate then we have learned carogram and snider test it's a carries activity test and this is that pie chart where five colors are mentioned and checking the color of green sector now the epidemiology etiology and prevention of periodontalysis here it is a plaque control so we earlierly seen the chemical plaque control here the plaque control methods and also that table how it is prevented at individual community and professional level and short essays it is about the role of toothbrush you need to write about the toothbrush detail ad specification types of toothbrush and also some of the toothbrush techniques and here it is a mechanical plaque control again the toothbrush various types interdental aids and all those things and describe the mechanical plaque control and chemical plaque control so as expected question short notes the dental flows irrigators see changing concepts of health care so it is what we discussed that competency health care basic health services and primary health care it is actually coming in health care delivery system and again clinic chemical plaque control and chloroxidine so next question is about oral cancer so various smokeless and smoking forms of tobacco we have learned it in the oral cancer epidemiology chapter and also the regulatory approach of prevention of oral cancer so this question you need to write about the codpa act how the codpa act is being implemented and how it is helping to prevent the use of tobacco then it is a very important chapter that is health education and promotion that is commonly asked health education its principles barriers and audio visual aids okay so this has been repeatedly asked again sometimes it will be propaganda and sometimes it will be individual group and mass approach and sometimes the principles of health education and here it is a very interesting question that is prepare a television talk for improving oral health of school children so you need to first write this is a applied level question you need to write about the problems a school children might be having such as dental carees so mostly you need to address dental carees and to in order to control dental carees we need to educate them regarding the brushing techniques importance of brushing and how to brush and how to control the consumption of sugars and all those things you can incorporate this is a applied level question you know all the content but only thing is you need to properly manage it and write it so you need to list out the problems they have and how to control it in the form of a talk so you don't need to write a talk it's just like this is what you are going to talk about then you can write as a answer okay this is just a applied level question and again the health education health education discuss various methods of communication again propaganda so the same question means repeatedly asked in short as say the audiovisual aids again barriers in communication and mass media in nutrition and health so it is a very easy one because you need to write about nutrition sometimes it will be nutrition and the epidemiological studies in relation to diet and dental care is we have learned the wife home studies took a sugar study and hope would have study all those studies you need to write about the duration and the outcome okay and the year of starting and the sugar substitute those xylitol so all those things see it is a long essay so the marks are four plus six plus four so you need to think of those marks and don't write well elaborately distribute it properly and write the important content then short essay also again say classification of nutrients and role of trace elements in dental care is okay so we learned it role of trace elements some are carries promoting like selenium and some are prevention like fluoride and the role of diet in dental care is so you can write in detail about role of diet and also the sugar substitutes now we have school health programs so one question asked was the aims and objectives of school dental health program so you can write about the elements of school dental health program then about the objectives then the most commonly asked incremental dental care and comprehensive dental care so this you need to highlight okay then blanket referral how the student is been blanketed by giving a card from parent to class teacher to dentist okay so that is about school oral health program then the most important chapter fluorides in chlorides mostly expected as one is defluoridation and nalgonda technique then what a fluid okay the question is different methods of water fluoridation okay so there are two types of fluoridation one is systemic and other one is topical right so here the question is not about systemic fluoridation okay not about systemic fluoridation the question is about water fluoridation so if the question is systemic fluoridation we can write right school water fluoridation community water fluoridation salt fluoridation milk fluoridation all those things but the question is just water fluoridation so we have three methods of water fluoridation that is dry feeder solution feeder and saturator system solution and saturated system okay so these three are the methods of water fluoridation so you don't get confused the other one is systemic fluoridation this is just water fluoridation again defluoridation and nalgonda technique defluoridation nalgonda technique now we have systemic fluorides and right in detail about systemic fluorides so you need to write about the mechanism also so systemic is all fluoridation the communities all to milk all those are systemic fluoridation then about tender fluorosis and deans fluorosis index so you need to write the definition and deans fluorosis index those categories now we have in fluorosis that std and cld write about the acute antonic fluorosity fluoride toxicity then we have topical fluorides the apf nuts and stechnic fluoride varnish all we have learned now we are into the short knots like pit and fisher sealants all those things the steps the generation the material the classification and also prevent eurus registration also we can write prevent eurus registration then we have the air so in a traumatic restorative treatment the first question was just a traumatic restorative treatment and the next one is just advantages okay so don't just write the advantage person who is putting this question expect you that you write most of the content not just advantages some students might write just advantages of ART you need to write about little bit of introduction its instruments its principles and advantages so always try to incorporate more sub content okay rather than writing a single content elaborately you need to write more content the sub bedding sub bedding introduction the instruments then the methodology then the principles then indication contraindication just one or two lines is sufficient but bring or include more sub beddings so that is a way of writing exam you will get more marks when you include more sub more content more sub beddings in your answer so it will give you more marks there rather than writing a single content in one page over one and a half pages and now we have survey procedures so it is very repeatedly asked question survey the common thing is defined survey steps of survey okay so defined survey and steps of survey so the six steps will be knowing six steps and sometimes about the path finder survey and index age groups the w cho index age groups those five uh 12 15 35 to 44 65 to 44 that and the path finder survey the national path finder survey and pilot survey and various steps so you need to write in detail because it is commonly asked long question and sometimes uh the steps in conducting epidemiological survey is nothing but the steps of survey and also in short essay also the same question is asked so this is what I am saying the same questions will be asked as a short essay and a long essay so you have the same content but you need to compress it for the short essay because you don't have time to write for a long essay because the short essay has just eight marks okay so don't write a lot of content which will waste you a lot of time so always compress the content then write for eight marks because it is commonly asked as a long essay that is 14 mark essay so your preparation or study preparation also will be for 14 marks so the same question is asked here for eight marks see the same question okay so this is 14 mark question and this is eight mark question so you need to write the same content for eight marks but removing a lot of unwanted things there is no unwanted things in an answer but you can just compress it okay in a way that you include most of the things that is age groups you can write about the age groups and the most important striking feature of each age group then the steps okay if it is steps write all the steps don't remove any steps and compress write all the steps and the content of each step you can compress can write one line or two line so likewise you can compress this answer if you are not compressing it you might lose your time to write the other answers so you need to think of timing always you need to divide the time you have two essays four short essays and 10 short notes okay so you need to divide the time and always think about the marks okay don't write whatever you know you write for the questions marks if it is asked for three marks and you know about the topic for 15 or 14 marks don't write the entire thing just write for three marks so in short notes it is path find a survey index age group and the most important thing is sampling the probability sampling and non-probability here it is asked just sampling methods you need to write probability and non-probability don't write the entire thing list out the main things and write the most striking feature of each one okay so you can write the sampling methods for 14 marks but this is asked just for five marks so compress the 14 marks to five marks just include most most important factors and also training and calibration of examiner we already learned it how the training and calibration is done and why using capacity statistics during the pilot study and all now we have planning and evaluation so planning and evaluation so planning is not asked here only evaluation the steps so you can write about the steps of evaluation or the types of evaluation and planning sometimes planning will be asked or planning might be asked as a long essay like contact a plan for a school to reduce a dental caries or conduct or a plan a program for a city to reduce dental caries so such plans you need to write the each step of the plan then elaborate okay so how I explained you in that chapter you can elaborate and write about so this is just evaluation can write about formative summative evaluation and the other details now the indices indices are very important in our practical sessions so most commonly asked so always there will be definition of index ideal properties the ideal characteristics of index that will be there so the most important things are Russell index CP ITN index then oral hygiene or HAI index or sometimes Dean Dean's flow roses index already asked we have seen in one of the question paper so HAI DMFT Russell's index and Dean's flow roses index so always when question asked you need to write definition and ideal requisites if classification is asked you can write that also short notes DMFT and ideal requisites so healthcare delivery system so the we have seen the concepts of healthcare the primary health center all those things are coming in this chapter also and the principles of primary healthcare so everything so so this is dental healthcare delivery system actually we were learning the healthcare delivery system okay the common healthcare delivery system so the problem is as I mentioned in that video the at a grass root level or a primary level we don't have much dental healthcare system because the primary health centers are under recubed less than 20 percentage of the primary health centers as a dentist so you need to write that also but you need to list out all the things as how it is in our country then you can write about the healthcare delivery systems in respect to the dental sector so the three types of health health system that is primary level secondary level and social level of rural health system is what asked here now we have very important chapter that is a dental manpower so auxiliaries auxiliaries we have operating non-operating auxiliaries so anything which can be asked as a sub question that is dental therapist or dental hygienist or a school dental nurse or expanded function auxiliary or even a levels of supervision so in our country we have only we know dental hygienist and lab technician okay these two we have lab technician and dental hygienist is what available in our country so dental manpower also is very important so always study define classify then about a sub topic in each that is operating or non-operating then comes the finance that is the most toughest chapter in public health industry so it is mechanism of payment you can list out all the mechanism from the payment direct fee for service still the public health programs are including Indian scenario so don't mention in detail about anything so this is mostly listing out all the things and you can write one or two lines the user mechanism HMO prepared groups the capitation plans the delta dental plans blue cross blue shield medicare medicaid indian system what is is present in india the esa plan cghs plan and all those things you can mention and beginning you can mention about the fiscal dual and co insurance all those things so if it is asked as a short note can write about the health maintenance organization the insurable risk insurable risk that five principles and how do we manage the health insurance people manage to overcome this like pre authorization giving expenditure limit so when an a risk is ensured there are certain criterias it should be beyond the control of individual all those things you need to write in insurable risk and how the insurance people that is health insurance people overcoming this then the capitation fee the 90th percentile when you write 90th percentile always draw that graph and mark that 90 percentile okay value and post payment plans that is also known as budget payment plans then finance in dental health service so in india we have just payment direct payment that is fee for service and then we have few insurance schemes like cghs then the esa plan or railway employees very very minor health insurance schemes mostly the direct fee for service third party arrangement is completely absent in india it is mostly we studied about the united states now the research methodology the biostatistics and all so this is a confusing question what is research and explain the steps in research methodology this is nothing but the survey okay this just write the survey steps actually research methodology has little more different steps but if you don't know the research methodology steps is nothing but survey survey is nothing but the research survey is a descriptive methodology to collect data but ultimately in research also we are doing the same so various methods of presentation of data so those pie chart bar diagram bar graph and the sampling techniques methods of collection of data we learned and the methods of presentation of data so in biostatistics most commonly asked again the presentation of data or the normal curve measures of central tendency dispersion or again the sampling okay now there is infection control and regarding the dental office that is place and locality that we have learned in our short notes how do we select the equipment for dental practice place and locality of dental practice all those things we learned in our short note series and regarding the ethics so ethics is most commonly asked short note autonomy confidentiality ethical principle or types of consent and what are the unethical practices at the end of the chapter we learned how the unethical practices and what are the fines for it and health organization most commonly asked world health organization or WHO then we have again the maintenance of records types of examination that comes in service after type 1 2 3 and 4 it is complete examination limited so way and screening then public private partnership it is PPP the how the health programs are implemented in a public private partnership so not all the fund is provided by the government the fund will be collected from the public also and group practice it comes in our finance okay so that's all about the question paper discussion so we were seeing the public health industry question papers of kala university of health sense for the year 2014 to 2020 I think 70 to 80 percentage of the questions every year will be the repeated ones of previous years so don't always think of 50 percentage you need to aim 80 or 70 to 80 percentage so you come for this revision only after studying most of the topics otherwise it won't be much helpful and keep this revision as your last stage of preparation just before the exam okay so once you have gone through most of the topics then you need to see this video to understand the pattern of question and how to write the answers so it's not about studying a lot of topics it is it depends mostly on how you transfer the content to the paper so it is basically a memory based exam so you need to score 50 percentage so always think about that rather than studying a lot of content so whenever you're studying a topic think about how you're going to write the same topic to a paper so always frame the content in your mind when you get the question paper and never write the extra content or write the under content like don't write a lot of content for eight mark question and don't write a compressed content for a 14 marks so always see the question in detail what are the divisions of question and then you need to write the definition and if there is any subsection of the question always address most of the content that is the subheadings of a question so that will give you more marks so I want to tell you about the time factor so you have three hours to write 16 question so always think about where to put more time that for long essays and short essays but you don't miss any short notes because writing short notes will give you easy marks so if you don't write two short notes and you are utilizing the time for a long essay that will be a big mistake because writing a lot of content for a long essay will not give you any additional marks you might get 9 10 11 out of 14 but at the same time if you are putting those extra minutes into those short notes you will definitely get three or four marks even if you don't know answer so three or four marks for two short questions might sometimes it might be the deciding factor so anyway so always think about the exam pattern and study so even though this public health industry is a tough subject a dry subject not so student friendly subject scoring a 60 70 marks it's not very tough one so you can easily score it only thing you need to structure your answers in a systematic way so include more subjectings and include more flow charts make it more make it a more presentable so the answer should be in a flow chart or any other diagrammatic way rather than bulking up the pages with big big paragraphs so always innovate your answers so those little tricks will give you more marks so I wish you good luck with your public health industry exam thank you so much