 Hello everyone, welcome back to another session in dentistry and more today we have monitoring and surveillance These two are very confusing terminologies from epidemiology Or it comes under the disease or health management So first we need to understand that Monitoring is just a part of surveillance. So if this big circle is surveillance, this is monitoring So monitoring is just a part a subset of surveillance both comes in Understanding the occurrence and distribution of disease if a disease happens in one place We need to monitor and we need to have surveillance to control the disease in order to study the disease So monitoring Is continuous oversight It's nothing but just looking at Something whether it is going as per the plan or not. So this is oversight. We are not Making any much effort instead. We are just overseeing it so but still it is a continuous overseeing of the events which is happening with regard to the understanding of that this is with regard to Analyzing the distribution and occurrence of disease but just overseeing, okay Whether they are actually proceeding according to the plan or not that is monitoring but Surveillance, it's a continuous scrutiny scrutiny. We know we need to go in deep that is deeper Understanding of the disease deeper analyzing the disease. We need to collect the data understand the data analyze it So all those things this is scrutiny. This is just overseeing So all saying it's very easy job. It can be done by a technician. So this is basically we must say This is just a management tool. Any person can do this overseeing But this is a technique Sensitive it needs expertise so it can be done only by professionals such as doctors community Professionals public health professionals or bio statisticians because it involves scrutiny of occurrence and distributions of disease This is just overseeing so it can be done by a technician so this is just a one-time activity, but Surveillance is a continuous cycle. It will not be stopped even after the disease stop because in a place We have a sudden epidemic of cholera. So we are going there We are keeping monitoring and surveillance even after the disease is eradicated or eliminated. We still continue surveillance But monitoring is one-time activity once the disease stopped. We stopped the monitoring But we will be having surveillance team. So we will be checking the future data future What a sample to make sure that it is not coming back Monitoring is happening only when that disease happened. So that is one-time activity This is a continuous cycle Because we still have polio virus surveillance polio I think some five six years ago, but still we are having polio surveillance So that stops after the disease eliminated Heredicated and this is a bit smaller concept as I mentioned Monitoring is part of surveillance. It's a very smaller concept, but this is very very broader concept And in monitoring we don't take any feedback because it's just an overseeing Mechanism we are not doing any scrutiny. We are not analyzing the data but in surveillance we need to have feedback we need to understand the data well so that The corrections can be made in future plans and there is no inbuilt action as per monitoring. We are not Making any changes. There is no action Associated with monitoring, but there will be action associated with surveillance. So the data we obtain from surveillance we need to Act upon the surveillance data, but monitoring by default. We don't collect any data much so that where the Seven differences between monitoring and surveillance commonly the examples Water pollution monitoring air pollution monitoring noise pollution monitoring. This is just monitoring We have equipments. It just monitors what is a condition, but surveillance is different We have demographic surveillance that is we understand the demography the age the gender the social economic status The ethnicity the religion so everything we understand and make plans and we change the Population what are the needs and we continuously change according to the data we obtain from surveillance similarly nutritional Surveillance in nutritional data. What are the wasting problems tundin problem who are under malnourished? sections so all those things we get and we act upon the Data similarly sentinel surveillance surveillance we have many types active surveillance passive surveillance sentinel surveillance So this is a very broader concept. So I just want to Explain the difference between monitoring and surveillance So I can give you just an example to Understand monitoring and surveillance the example for monitoring is when we were in Younger classes. I mean schools when our teachers were not there One teacher will come and appoint one student to monitor the class Who are talking who are making noises who are playing when teacher is not there. So who you'll be standing in the front and Make sure that nobody makes sound. You might be the class rep So we'll make sure that nobody talks nobody plays So that is overseeing. Okay. It can be done by anyone not just a class rep any person can do The monitoring you can make sure that nobody talks nobody plays So it's just a one-time activity. So once the teacher backs to The class it will be stopped and it is a very smaller concept teacher won't ask Who will talking whoever playing so sometimes the teacher might ask but it is not required because teacher Just want the class to be silent So he appointed one person to just oversee the condition. I mean oversee the class atmosphere and there is no action the Student who was appointed as this overseer will not make any actions. He won't go with a stick and Be the students. He just overseeing it. But in surveillance, just imagine you're joining Dentistry course or MBBS course. So there will be a scrutiny. So you won't just Go into a medical college or dental college. You need to Have all those exams to clear up and once you are appointed So all these done by professionals once you are appointed, there will be continuous scrutiny or there will be continuous exams and continuous Practicals and it is a very broad concept. You need to have five years exams and there will be continuous feedback to the staffs and faculties and Depending upon those feedbacks, they will take actions. If you're not good at academics, they'll take actions. So that scenario you can Simulate with the surveillance and this classroom scenario You can simulate with monitoring for just easy to remember. Okay. So monitoring and surveillance It's mainly comes in health and disease management Monitoring is just a management tool. It can be done by any technician. This is done by professionals It is a continuous cycle. It is continuous even after the disease stopped or eradicated And it's a very broader concept and they take feedback and they have inbuilt action To correct the problems what they occur during the ongoing phase So if you understood this concept monitoring and surveillance, I'll come with another topic in the industry. I'm all thank you