 Hello friends, I am Dr. Punal Das. I am a consultant and head of the Department of Gastroenterology at Manipat Hospital, Dwarka. Today we will be talking about lower GA Bleed. Lower GA Bleed means bleeding from the lower intestine or which is known as Cologne. This includes this is the rectum, this is the sigmoid Cologne, this is the descending Cologne, this is the transverse Cologne and these are various parts of ascending Cologne and this is a part of the small intestine which is known as ileum. So whenever this bleed happens, this bleed can be of 2-3 types. One is absolutely red blood. Sometimes you just go to the toilet and you find that there is a large amount of reddish newly colored blood. You are shocked at what is this happening. Whenever we have red colored bleeding, we find that it may be due to the lower part of the Cologne which involves the sigmoid Cologne and the red tie. And the causes of it include small polyps which may be there especially in children. There may be some cancerous growth like here you can see and may be due to ulcers which also can cause bleeding. And sometimes just at the lower part of the anal canal we can see piles or hemorrhoids that can also cause bleeding, fresh bleeding. Don't worry, this is not something which is very dangerous. The second type is where its maroon colored you see blood clots coming out which is known as hematocisio. It may be formed the transverse Cologne and ascending Cologne. As we can see here there may be some growth or stretcher or cancerous or maybe polyp or AV malformation. AV malformation is bunching of blood vessels which may be there and sometimes it may be due to the ileal cause that due to some ileal ulcers it may cause hematocisio. And the third type of bleed which is absolutely black through the black terry stools which is very smelly and it sticks to the pot that is known as Malinu. These are all coming out from the lower intestine in our stools and this mean different things. Fresh bleed which is newly cut blood is most commonly formed the lower part of the Cologne which is known as rectum, sigmoid and anal canal. Most of the common causes of bleed which is absolutely red in color is most likely due to piles due to fissure or maybe a polyp which may be present or a ulcer which may be present in the lower part of the abdomen. Don't worry, most of the times these are non malignant and non cancerous. The next type of bleed which happens is hematocisio. When it is mineral or brown colored blood and blood loss there most of the time come from the right side of the Cologne. It may be due to cancer, it may be due to ulcer especially many times it is due to typhoid ulcers or Cologne cancer. This is something which you must be taking care of and you must rush to your doctor and please show them. The doctor might do some blood test and may prescribe one of the test known as colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is a very simple test which is a flexible tube with a light and gamma attached to it. After tube preparation it goes to the Cologne and it is almost entire part of the Cologne. It is almost 1.5 meters which is length and we can very easily know what is the cause of bleed. But one thing is there most important you must go to a doctor. He will find out it may be non cancerous in which case it may be treated only with medicines. Sometimes spines or something may require some surgery, small surgical procedures, very simple. Or sometimes it may be very obvious it may denote some cancer or something which you cannot ignore. So in that case the doctor may take a biopsy and you have to wait for the report. In short if you have in blood and stools it may be red colored, it may be brown clots, it may be black. If it is red colored don't worry it is from the lower part of the Cologne and it may be due to piles or fissure. Or if it is from the other part then it may be omnis and may be polyp for cancer. But first you must visit a doctor and if it is black it is normally due to the upper GA maybe due to some ulcer. So don't worry please go to a doctor and get the test done.