 Okay, I have 10 a.m. Second lifetime, so I'm going to begin So as I mentioned earlier to a barricade on the reason I'm doing this presentation is it's a request from last fall and I have been teaching telecommunications for 25 years at least and longer for computers and stuff so Started working programming back in the 60s So computers are second nature, and I've seen all the history That's that I always tell the students that it's kind of an advantage that I've seen the history and experienced it but back in 1962 was kind of the Founders of the internet there's a Website that shows at the 20th year of the internet the founders wrote a nice little article about how it all got started and stuff and They point to this time where there was a Tell you about the more here, but basically there was a person here that envisioned having a network When there was a time where there was no computer networks at all Where everyone in the world could be interconnected at that time is talking more about your programs of data But it probably could not have been envisioned sharing TikTok videos That's kind of where the idea got started it's hard to imagine so let me go ahead and go to the next slide It's hard the presentation today is on information revolution First 50 years of the internet. It's hard to believe it's only been and kitty do this of course So It's only been 50 years when I was a child the only way to it's hard to believe it when I was a child that well, yeah It's a Star Trek Internet was still that's right And so you but you do get some of those sorts of future technologies I'm gonna talk about technologies first now I was talking with one of our audience earlier and What I would be talking about is kind of like the roadway, you know, it's not The cars on the roadway or the vehicles that use the roadway. It's the roadway. That's what the network is all about That's what the internet really is And if you didn't have roads Cars had been it'd be really difficult. You'd have to drive across fields or something down the beach so Roadways are essential to have what what we have today the applications that use the internet so Let's go ahead and take a look at some of the concepts of the internet It is and it's only been about 50 years give or take a couple years here there So let's take a look. The first thing Is that there's been few times hi, Abba, okay? The few times in the history of humans that we've had what we would call a revolution In this case a technological revolution the revolution is a set of changes that Fundamentally transforms the society so you're only talking about a few Along the way and one of the first was about 10,000 years ago when we changed from hunter-gatherers to more sedentary Lifestyle where we raise these crops and then that supported about 10 times the population and this eventually led to specializations and Civilizations and all the and war and you know all the goods and beds we came with it only about 200 to 250 years ago We had an industrial revolution Which changed the way we work and the way we relate to the world and the and our ability to change the world Which some people date the anthropomorphic Anthropic anthropomorphic Anthropocene era to that time But in any case before that for thousands of years people pretty much lived and Died in within you know 10 15 miles of where they were born and they lived in large Families on Farms and most people were farmers and such and then it radically changed the way people lived Well, we're still going through What has been called the information revelation which here again only started say 50 60 years ago depending on how you define it and It's definitely changing our access to knowledge and to each other So the internet itself while it's a network here again. I'm talking more of the network than the like the roadway Rather than cars is essentially it's an idea and so an idea you can't Oh Yeah, go ahead and yeah put the zoom link because that's the best way to if you can't hear That's the best way to see this. I've used it myself in the past so The internet's an idea and it can't be patented. It's not held by one company ideas can't be so It's fortunate for us that the creators of the internet basically lived at a time of the counter in the United States as a counter Revolution or or Society hippie culture if you want to call it that Because one of the main concepts of that time was to share what you had and So instead of commercializing it So they basically realized that what they were creating was too valuable not to share And so that led to five billion people today being on the internet Otherwise, it would have been some commercialized product that you'd have to pay a lot of money for to get there so the other thing is every Detail of how the internet works is publicly available. It's what's called open architecture so that people can make Comparable devices if you want now, I don't I was I only have an hour to two fifty years So there is something called requests for comments or RFC Somebody wants to put a link there. You can actually see from very beginning 1969 Well and scissor G you've got the exact that's that's Precisely Why it's become so rich and interesting and all the different stuff that came out of it is because if you didn't share you wouldn't have just like one of our reasons for having the science circle and The edge of us around us for sharing and facilitating education is there's so many ideas out there, but you it seems a shame that you would bottle them up or celebrate a jar so If you look at RFC if somebody might want to look at that and put a link is you can see from the very beginning in 1969 every single detail of how the internet works. It's totally public But Also, the internet was not designed. It was designed for sharing information not security So security has been an add-on that's had to be Basically since the late 80s. It's had to be an add-on About the internet is it's a network. It's like a roadway or shipping lanes It's not what uses the roadway or shipping lanes and that it essentially uses It's not just new technology. It uses technologies. They've invented over 150 years Now there's lots of different things that use the internet that use these networks. We all know them We share files we chat we watch streaming media We do a web and email and lots of those are some of the most common ones And it's very difficult to control because since it does use so many technologies and connections You can only control the the technologies, but it's hard to control The whole web and the content there's just too many people just to make that connections So speaking of which There's no one company or nation that controls the internet some try you can We'll talk more about that in other words down at the bottom every participant needs an IP address So if you control the addresses or control accesses just like a telephone number everybody needs a number a unique one and so if you control that you can control some parts of The internet but you but you know information finds the way it's basically for people that are technically Know the technical details. It's it's network of routers So if you control the company like an internet service provider that has the routers or organizations Then you can control at least What they take in or yeah Well, okay, China does two things it can control the internet service providers Which have the routers and it can also control content by Taking out that content, but China is not the only one isn't there's a million There's at least I could rattle off a half a dozen or more nations, which do the same thing Okay, so let's look at the technologies which are required to create the internet Anyway, no, this is okay. This is I like having a presentation where I have I like having chat and I ask questions No, no, no, it's not it's not sorry, which is that that's China perhaps is one of the ones which is most in news But if you look at for example, Thailand or you look at lots of others they control Access Russia right now is controlling a lot of access to news Okay, telegraph yeah, okay, and well, okay now there's two things is That most code looking thing Okay, there's the telegraph now. There's two parts to this and here again. I'm going to try to scram all this into an hour Which should take a week it's but Yeah, up there and and yon's got it the Honor off and that's it and the reason why I sometimes, you know I talked to the students about how a telegraph works. They say why are you telling us about this whole piece of equipment? Well, because if you understand how the telegraph works, you've got about half of the internet so this is the other half in other words, you've got the Hardware part, but then you've got the coding you've got and in this case, it's called most code and My policy in there. Yeah, he might SOS, okay, so Exactly and so you what coding is is Whether you call them ones or zeros or dots or dashes or some other Or like in the picture to the bottom right, which is still used flashes of light In other words a signal can be created from anything any background and so Really, I didn't know that that's that's kind of cool the encoding of the music in Morse code So what what a code is is it represents things now most code only was able to represent English letters at in fact capital letters and numbers But as we got kind of a richer coding we're able to present a lot more So you have the hardware software and so the telegraph if you understand like I said how this works You're kind of halfway there So the way a telegraph work was basically a transmitter you hold down the key It sends an electric current like Transistors do today it controls the electric current and it activated like a magnet that produces a clicking sound and so all of the intelligence was in the mind of the transmitter and receiver and so like I said it those code language symbols and Instructions Morse code had instructions to if I went the da-da-da-da Da-da That means I'm going to start a message for ways And the codes now today can also represent colors and sounds and stuff like that Okay, so today what you have that's not much different from a telegraph as far as I'm concerned is the transistor in Around the time I was born a transistor was something you could have put on the tip of your finger now The transistor down to the to the bottom left there. That's just a diagram of something that is only about 10 to 20 nanometers billions of atoms in size so that you can have billions of them in the You can have billions of them in your smartphone or on one of those Chips there, so, you know, you got chips and connections and all that like the little circuit board down there And the codes have gotten richer so that you can represent about a hundred and ten different languages hundreds of thousands of symbols the codes there is is a unicode of the Arabic language and you have circuits that are Logic circuits and that can present a logic here again. I'm trying to squeeze all this So Well, and that's there you go and and I'm coming up on that doll hang on a second because I'm actually coming up on that And the same thing trans is revaccinates. Okay, what is this? Here again, if we didn't have these technologies We wouldn't have the internet at telly food. Absolutely. Okay So you've got that never happens to be It happens to be a Swiss telephone from early days and essentially what happened there wasn't is the voice would be converted to electrical signals and then There was an electromagnet see not much different from a telegram Magnet at the end that then converted the electrical signal back to voice and telephone poles Yeah Circuit switching rather than packet switching so you've got Okay, so you look on the right and you'll see telephone poles used to look like that before they have what's called Multiplexing where you could send more than one signal you had used to have a wire for every customer So it used to just be ridiculous as far as the telephone poles back Early days. So yeah, the telephone pole Or telephone like I said basically was not much different from the telegraph except that it converted it to Ways And you can see an example density waves of sound they're coming out of the speaker But inside a wire it looked very similar to that with regards to the electrons that were moving The copper atoms don't move but the electrons then Would be jostled and you'd get a wave Coming out. Okay So you needed those technologies in order to have one of these things That both, uh, you know voice kind of in other words, this is a smartphone So you need kind of the same the idea of decoding and the telephone the whole day. Yeah party lines Exactly Like I said that if if I if you allowed me to speak all day, I could give you a lot of details on this and examples and pictures But I don't have it now Okay So, okay, what are we seeing here? Yeah pages So in order to have the little smartphones we have today the smartphones. Marconi upper left Um, so the our smartphones today Are have radio receivers and transmitters and in the old days in fact, uh, let's see if I put the picture back there You see little antennas. Those are the antenna the radio antennas Okay, so and and as we had transistors the radios became smaller and smaller instead of a something that like a desktop that sat on A device you could have a portable radio and then you had transistor radios and then you had radios inside your little smartphone radio waves, of course have been used for Radio astronomy and that tower there you can see many many many different ways that radio Is used and that's a whole new presentation in itself Okay, so the radio basically converted theater The radio was the first time when we were able to get one ringy to eat two ringy things Laughing okay You're showing your age Well, so okay, and I am too. Okay, so radio is converted electrical waves into electromagnetic waves which simply needed space as a medium And instead of wires and of course, let's open up Marvis in other words, it opened up communication with the moon and Mars and across and satellites and all of the above so basically there was a way Carried the signal That was then converted to electromagnetic waves at the other destination So all of these technologies so so what am I seeing here all of these technologies so far have helped to contribute to the internet being possible Hello Okay, so what are we seeing here? What kind of technology does this uh? And the ones on the on the right are As a consequence of this technology. So what we're seeing is Radar, yeah, there we go. Okay, so you've got radar Well, exactly Okay, so you've got radar Well, the reason why vacuum tubes and and then diodes triodes And transistors came about in first place was radar took up a lot of power And they were trying to find devices that you could change the in other words, you could control the output but not putting in so Terribly amount of input Didn't mention the technology. Well now we're You're exactly right and But that so what I've done is I'm looking at Electrical technologies But you're right beacon fires and such like that even on china on the great wall of china They had fires that then if you saw fire you could in other words fires go Maybe 20 miles and then the other person would light a fire and so you could literally communicate over a very A semaphore which is early 1800s as a couple actual college In france in paris who invented semaphore because they wanted to talk to each other at lunch They're in two different universities and so they invented that. Yeah, there's all kinds of cool I talked to applications for years and there's all kinds of cool things. We could be talking about but what I said and plant networks but what if Cover each of this is what I've kind of restrained what I'm doing is to the electrical technologies Which helped to make the internet present Um, but there's a huge amount that we could talk to a telecommunications. So anyway the transistor Oh, yeah, I only asked that. No, that's fine. I love the chat and I will respond and just have limited time. Okay, so um A transistor you do not have to put a lot of input electricity into it in order to change the output In other words on or off as yang mentioned earlier Okay, so so, uh, the radar was and then in 1935 that kind of is as an accident In other words, I noticed earlier than that that if you were trying to send radio And something got in the way like a ship or an airplane that it would block the signal And so they're going oh, and then you actually got a bounce back and you go No, yeah, go ahead and innovate. It's okay. I'll try to respond as much Excuse me as much as possible. So radio detection and ranging was basically radio signals that bounce back And so I mentioned uh, and then transistors were invented in 1947 Okay, what is this? What am I depicted here here again? The theme of all of this is these are technologies which are required Well, not only computers but what kind of computer In other words after the first computers we you have computers since the 40s But these are since these are in the 70s a capo Yeah, in other words the pc which was actually a term that the ibm invented in 1981 But you're talking about personal computers not something that cost a million dollars like I started on I went to high school in silicon valley or what would become silicon valley And you had these big main frames with yeah apple 2 one of them That was the first one that I got was an apple 2. I still have a original one in the case and everything else So and by the way, if anybody sees one that's on the bottom left there apple 1 Please let me know The last one sold for somewhere near a million dollars There were only so many and I actually started on the outer About speaking of somebody mentioned star trek. It was named out there because out there is a star and the person who designed it Saw that his daughter was watching star trek and they the place they were going that week was out there So that's why that name comes about in any case you're talking about personal computers Computers that people can own Now PC if you look at the pc sales thing, you'll notice that personal computers The sale of them have been dropping because a lot of people are going to the smartphones Mini computers. Well, take remember to remember mini computers in a minute Because I'll be talking about that now the reason that personal computers can come about was because of a Technology called photomic orthography, which is essentially saying you can take Transistors and reduce them to the size of atoms And so you're able to put more and more of these Into a chip which is Moore's law and we can talk about it's not really a law But uh, it basically said that uh, every two years or so the processing power of computers doubles Now today, of course, smartphones are not just computers They have a computer display keyboard microphone speaker telephone radio gps camera, but in other words, they're everything But in all in one so there's a lot more technologies that go to say smartphones, but I'm just talking about the internet today Okay, wasn't less Okay, so Let's talk about networks because you have these technologies But of course the technologies would be nice if you're just using them yourself But how do I contact somebody in South Africa or Bhutan? Uh, and that means networks. Now, what are we looking at here? What's being depicted here telephone operators. Yep. Okay. The reason why you have telephone operators Here is the same way as you have telegraph operators in the beginning. In other words, the early telephone networks Required people you pick up the phone and you go And you somebody goes, um And if it's really tommy, uh, it's okay, you know Is this the party to who am I speaking and that's a horrible Lily tommy But you know what I mean? In other words, the idea is you have to have a human operator That intervene and then connected you physically To one another and you see that huge roller decks there that you can see then what telephone numbers Were handled by that particular Central station that sort of thing and then of course today We've got cell phones and all of the other types of networks, but it all began pretty much with telephone networks Yes No, that's interesting. I'm watching my time, but scissor g for example when I was Uh, the director of a branch campus I used to sit in on the mayor's meetings and stuff or whatever and so I got to see The telephone operating place here where I live and it was a warehouse looking thing and they opened the door and there was nothing there except for a A rack With a bunch of cards and stuff in the back of the of the room and at one time it had been completely full of Of equipment. There's a there's a wonderful Uh video that AT&T did back in the 50s or 60s to show how that worked in analog Sage, okay a separate. Oh, absolutely. It was all you know, the dial phone there click click click click click click click click was actually Uh track that that was actually translated to physical little switches. It's very fascinating Okay, so telephone network Basically what it is and why am I talking about telephone when you talk about internet? Well, because telephone is still an integral part of the internet and so you've got telephone companies That basically had central offices that subscribe connected uses you've got the hardware The signals traveled over copper wires, which they do today unless they're traveling over a fiber optic or cable or radio wireless and so every telephone user needed a unique number called a telephone The telephone number indicated what country region and then an assigned number for a device or person It is usually a device at first, but then it became a person etc etc Um, no more Nobel prizes. Well, you got a point Sumo because there's a lot bell labs a lot of Nobel prizes came out of the work Well, and that's cool. And I'm glad to see the more is uh, if you have um, real connections like that Please share them in in chat Okay, so now let's get into the internet in other words. Basically those are the types of technologies that um We needed in order to have the internet. Okay, the internet began Back, uh, I I was going to leave off the things saying sputnik and see if people knew well modems hang on to that idea the modem thing but sputnik uh, basically when the soviets launched sputnik is that Jaws dropped in the u.s. Because essentially We knew that the soviets were ahead In technology and if you could send a satellite up you could send an intercontinental to those Ballistic missile what and so there was an agency created by u.s. Department of Defense called the defense advanced research project agency Which has been flipping back and forth between darvin arpa And if you notice all the different projects, which they Help work on it's quite a huge number but essentially They were developing an idea to connect different types of computers Because basically there were a lot of companies producing computers. Uh, particularly after transistors I actually in my high school like I said it is uh in silicon valley So our high school actually had one of those mainframes and I started programming with the punch cards up there but the first the first Networks computer networks were essentially between these mainframes and what was called a dumb terminal. That is you could see Instead of doing punch cards You could see stuff you could type in that was a vast improvement, but no no computer could talk to another computer Yet and so what dopper was doing was trying to create something where they could yep sneaker net Okay, in other words you take stuff and you Walk over something Well typing is only damn if the person behind it is uh So any case Uh at tell star. I remember tell star tell star was cool. And there was even a song Uh about tell star. Let's see if I can do it Anybody old dr. Remember that song tell star. Okay, so Computers were room size and they couldn't communicate with each other. So DARPA invented the arpa net So the different computers could connect like that and the first arpa net only had four Only had four connections And then the ones to the right there now Let me show you what that actually looks like is in larger one. So what you have basically is the arpa net in the 60s 70s and the arpa net basically quit after 20 years in 1989 and It connected military sites and universities which may seem strange today But essentially in the uh from 69 to 89 Well That was the case And so you you had instead of internet service providers You had these little things called their interface message processors a piece of equipment and the so by 10 years later essentially 1937 that was the entire internet Over there on the right. In other words, that was all the computers that were on the internet Now you'll notice that there are computers that are overseas like london And such but most countries are not yet connected to the internet And you'll see you'll notice stuff like both stanford and Angle and Air Force Base You'll notice things like um Harvard and Um The Pentagon, you know, it was it was a lot of yeah Rutgers lots of staff in other words, they were those mostly military and stuff I can oh, thank you. Yes. If you now I don't have time to click on the youtube But if you either guys want to try that youtube one. Oh, yeah um I that was a the IBM 360 Was the one I first started programming on and then the pdp 11 was what we had in our chemistry department. Okay So network media here again. I'm watching my time Is there aren't that many There aren't that many Had a universe serious. Okay. So there aren't that many ways that we send messages From on a network And you can either use space in other words, you could have a Interplanetary network, which actually there is that's how we communicate with Rovers on Mars and that sort of thing, but most Network has copper wires Uh, which started back in the 1800s. They just improved and there's different categories Of ones. They even have cat eight nine deep space network. Absolutely. And so Oh, I have an apple too But apple fleas are rare Because they didn't make very many of those And so there's cat eight all the way and then there's fiber optic cables and coaxial cables and all that good stuff Okay. Now, what is this? As most people don't even know this exists Okay question. Why the critical interest starts connecting the internet one? This is dangerous. Well, because astra is that um When these when the critical infrastructures of people were connected to the internet most people didn't think of Sabotage in other words it was to be able to see them and stuff like that now What I will say is that when 9 11 happened in 2001 is that I remember on the internet you used to be able to go there and see Uh, a lot of critical infrastructure and all of a sudden it disappeared. In other words, you you couldn't see What a damn look like or the insides of it or Electrical grids or something all disappeared because of the nature of of having it be seen by everybody and so The other thing I'll say is the internet is a public network, but there's more networks Vastly more networks in the world that are not connected to the internet. Of course, you know uh, that sort of thing particularly, uh Anything which needs security businesses Military, so so yeah, this is undersea cables and and they connect to places Which are difficult to get to that it would be really hard to put Telephone poles across the amazon base that kind of stuff Is the conduct yourself a uh joke Conducted cable. Okay. Um, yes Okay, so what is this? Anybody old enough to remember any of this stuff? Oh, okay Modems yes I I totally remember modems if you're if you're old enough you'll you'll remember what an acoustic modem was so Okay, so now so yes, yes, yes or 96 bod even before that that sort of thing. Um, okay, so Now we're working into the 80s Okay, or or end of late in the 70s. So you have the US Department of Defense Uh with the ARPA net, uh, but but the telephone that exists and so people yep modulator demodulator Um, don't don't tell anybody but You know, uh in the early days of telephones you could add particularly when they're analog You could actually click and not have to pay the quarter because You could actually click out a number because uh That I did a couple times, you know college suits. Okay, so any case, um, you could um Oh, yeah, okay. So any case there were college Universities that said well, we can do this and so with the acoustic modem and and some stuff like that They made their own networks. One was called the computer science network. One was called the bit net or because it's time Or because it's there network and then This person this uh, this guy named vinton surf right there in the middle on the bottom Um, he was one of the early inventors of the ARPA net and a nice gentleman because he basically he helped get $5 million grant uh to um help connect the the Uh university networks and then the national science Foundation had the super computers which they connected and so you had rival networks So to so to speak other than just the department of defense ARPA net Okay, so uh, and I just basically said this and so yeah now internet speed The back backbone then in other words in 1985 the fastest speed on a network was a blazing 1.5 megabit per second which of course You're not talking bot anymore. You're talking and then it got up to 45 megabit per second and stuff like that but in other words before Before there was competition and somebody mentioned that is that um, so Okay Is that before there was competition you basically had very slow speeds Well, actually, yeah 512. I remember when the 512 chip came out everybody goes. Well, what do they think of next? okay, so This is a representation of the internet in 2005 And so what i'm talking about here is once you took it out of the hands of the government Or others and opened it up to commercial use. You had a huge amount of innovation. The red grew at some points in the early 90s by a thousand percent per month And the national science foundation basically turned over the net to commerce in 1995 And so now you've got the people that you pay today Uh to get on the internet is essentially Oh a web Uh cast I hang under that because the the web there. Yes the Tim Berners-Lee or now certain Berners-Lee wanted At CERN the particle accelerator wanted to share information among physicists About what was going on in a lot quicker time than in journals Um, yeah, there you go. I'm the I'm the 1995 talent Okay, tell well tell that There's another one here again. There's a lot of protocols and stuff which I just can't get into because I don't have time now. We're talking about applications and if you wouldn't mind I'm running short of time, but kiyoko was talking about a moose And if you want to chat about a move real quick about uh stuff go ahead and chat about moose And other ways to get Moose yes to talk about there because I'm watching my time here. I'm getting to the applications Okay Moose yes moves. Okay, so Yes, lots of those Fun stuff. So let me talk instead of talking about individual applications, which you know, you could do several presentations on This is a presentation on the internet But I can't it's like just talking about the roadways Well, it's not very exciting if you just have a roadway with nobody on multi object oriented, etc moves and so There were ways that people had bulletin boards and ways that people used networks even before the web The web wasn't invented like until well actually they first fight it yet fight on that and then you had weird things like Archie and Veronica and and um Let's see. I'm trying to remember some of the others some fun different ways to connect before the worldwide web and so This is just within the time. I I've been teaching or I taught University for about 25 years and back when I started in 98 There were only three percent of the population of the world That were able to access the internet now bear in mind when I say access the internet That even today most people that can't afford their own. Whoops. Okay, let me Sit closer. Thank you. So did you most people cannot afford to buy their own computer Or smartphone is they have to Use an internet cafe Uh, or some or their or their university or their business computer or whatever um Okay, I'm sitting a little closer. I don't want to red line it, but I'm sitting a little closer for voice here Okay, so I overlaid The world population there to show you basically that the number of people that on the internet have been steadily climbing with regards to the population and so As of now there's two-thirds almost of the people on earth that can get to the internet now That still means one third of the people on earth in other words billions cannot get to the internet So they're missing out. Well, how do we use the internet? Yeah, exactly. Okay. Um So how do we use the internet? Well, here is it. I'm not going to go over every one you guys can read But you'll you'll see that we use the well In the 90s about a third of the Uh, I didn't put corn But in the 90s it was about a third of the people but um or the content anyway But these are the top uses of the internet as of 2022 Uh by the company down there at the bottom left And so basically we still use it for finding information in other words. What what applications do we use? search engines although more young people more young people use social media For searching rather than a search engine, which I find interesting We stay in touch with people social media chat v.o.i.p for voices and such streaming media The web still is big social media is still big For all of those things but you can see what people use the internet for And a couple of these slides are a little dense And I'm not going to go over everything. I'm just going to hit the highlights of them. Um I'm planning in the not too distant future to Is very new I'm planning in the not too distant future that To make presentations that I've uh done Uh publicly available. I'll probably stick them over so I don't bother um Science circle I'll stick them over on stem but Basically noticed like I said that about a third of the people two-thirds can use the internet although that means a third can't most of the people that are Use the internet are in cities Because of the connections a lot of people use mobile phones There's a lot of people on social media And you can see what sorts of social media down at the bottom anyway that people Oriented And let's see. Did I just uh come on Yeah, okay So but remember that that the internet is not just something for our individual entertainment in other words The um, and I think I went past the slide thing. I'll say let me go back Okay, so the average isn't I find this amazing But if you actually think about it if you're listening to a radio if you've got The computer kind of on if you've uh, yeah, there you go, uh, you can Advertise there is or if you listen if you're talking to people if you're research doing whatever Uh, yeah 20-minute job, but think of it. I mean you spend a lot of your waking life on the internet and although it has uh Drop okay, and then the smartphone use is amazing too Is well meaning that she is less or more Smartphone use then varies from indonesia to other Nations those are just the top users But that means a 10 trillion hours per day spent using the thing. Well Okay, so be well, otherwise you'd be too far today Okay, so but remember it's not a the internet is not for Individual use all the time. There's been a lot of and these are is there's only a small amount of Examples, but you but if you can actually connect a lot of computers at one time and uh And then collaborate on projects like Wikipedia Second life. Yay. I put that in there and fold it and the sedent home and stuff you can get a lot accomplished Yeah And basically one of the interesting things about that it was using Non-productive processing time. In other words, what a computer is on but it wasn't doing anything So so basically in the background, which is cool Okay, so okay, so uh now who controls the internet? For yourself don't let it on because of music Yeah, um, okay, so And and please continue with the Chat, I love to see it as well. Yeah fold it was and is cool um Although there is a There is a now a AI That can do better than fold it users can By by many many times, which is interesting. Okay now who controls the internet? Anybody before I got 10 minutes. So I'm on time Who controls the internet? Al Gore Okay Okay, now, okay now since you mentioned Al Gore, what's what's uh the government? Okay, sir Uh, what did Al Gore contribute? Al okay Uh dns is okay. So Al Gore what he actually contributed and and and for people outside the United States You might not well. No, we didn't fund the Research but what he did do is he was a senator and he basically Was a techie person And he said look there's this thing called You know nsf net and the internet and stuff and so why can't everybody use it? Why is it just for research and other stuff? And so he introduced a bill called the high performance Um, uh computer computing act in 1991 that was passed and that kind of Is the beginning of the future because basically then the internet took off That's what his contribution is. So let's take a look. First of all, they were different initiatives as I mentioned there was the ARP and that which was um And then bill's providing funding. Okay, so the ARP and that was a U.S. Department of Defense project And then there were university initiatives and then there was a national science foundation Uh initiative there for about 20 years and then it was turned over to commercial That were to the people you pay today and so the network infrastructure is controlled by commercial enterprises by people who you pay To get on the internet and if you're not and if you and then the people who you pay are sometimes paying other people And so but the technology has changed from individual control Well, and aber you got the you got what kind of in one sentence what in other words, nobody can control it. It's too big There's too many connections too many types of technologies for Over a hundred more years It's it's impossible for any one group to control it. So but so these are the initiatives Um, it's it's a multi-headed beast that the heads keep coming back if you try to chop them off Okay, like Cyclops or not Cyclops. What was it the the uh beast with the local heads? Okay, so internet and web technology basically changed from hyder from one Uh person controlling the whole thing. Hang on a second. If somebody knows the name of it You get an extra point of the person who actually controlled IP addresses Um, well a night. Yeah, and I didn't put that in there. No, dude. There's lots of different other things here Is basically from individual control to that of governments Use use net or you you net uh, and there was also a more to now Uh, you and and multi-stake companies Have a stake in this one. Well an internet Yes have intro and universities essentially have intranets Militaries commercial all have intranets in other words. There's a lot that's not on the internet That's also contained and such like that's okay. So here's some initiatives Let's take a look at the technology itself and here again. These are very dense Slides and I'm talking faster than I normally would So apologies to People but this is an overview of the internet for 50 years and how far we've come So in the late 1970s when there were only 20 Networks on the internet you had a couple groups which then were able to look at the technology And control what was going on in the 80s when you had personal computers And you had universities and other people that were associated Well, and that's true is that essentially like pandora's box. It's uncontrollable Which is good for you and me Because uh, well, and there's several things that finish Have created that's a that's a good thing. Well, now that's a very good question Very good, and I'm not sure but it is possible by cutting cables or by other things that you can cut people off or control Media and content. Okay. So in the in the 80s When there were more networks You had other groups particularly like internet engineering task force which created the Technology the great also called great firewall And then when you started having many more networks in other words with the lab and such then you have what's called the internet society Which that same guy that you saw the picture of that insert He was the first Head of that and then while the web is not A part of the internet. It's obviously One of the main vehicles like cars so to speak that are on the internet And so you have the worldwide web consortium in 1994. Look at how fast it grew There's now hundreds of thousands of networks headed by tim bernard's league Okay, so this is kind of the tech who controls the technology not the content Who controls the technology? Let's then look at access Is that just like a telephone you have to have a unique number? Well, how do you? Control that everybody five billion people in the world have a unique number And the way you do it is the same way telephone companies used to do it In other words, you have a single agency With helpers controlling it and so there are Public IP addresses those are controlled by Agencies these ones that I'm showing you right here And then there's private IP addresses Which in other words for example inside a university or inside a business they can use Any of the private, you know addresses you want so long as that they don't get out to the internet itself in 1988 there was a Um Yeah, oh tail star song. Thank you. That is like that. It's on a synthesizer or something. So Okay, so 1988 This group is assigned members of 30 They control Or they control the IP addresses. That is Members which are like a telephone They control the domain name system, which is like dot com dot edu dot net dot info dot whatever museum And then there are media types like pdf jpeg all of that And then in 1998 now one person now this is kind of cool Is it one person? controlled the IP addresses from 1969 to 1997 and unfortunately passed away in 1998 and before he passed away That was a guy named john postal. It was a computer science professor And Before he passed away. There was a the internet corporation for assigned names and numbers Which was originally a non-profit corporation in the united states before 2016 that wasn't very long ago and then it became a global entity afterwards now to that like I said 2016 has not is not very long ago And does anyone know who that was the name I was looking at is john postal or postel Now does anyone well now hang on sorry. Yeah, I can okay, so um Okay, let me go ahead because I've got about four minutes is The I can people because it's five billion And Uses and there's many many many more devices that use IP addresses that you know sensors in your car and in in homes and Printers and stuff all have IP addresses, although not all public areas control it. Yep. Okay, so I can has some agencies Actually, this is not I can but yeah, it's it's uh that help control The IP addresses in different parts of the world and so Used to be all just one agency and then they started splitting off in different years and you can see in that T92 that there was an agency that controlled the ones to everything from green and to over to Saudi Arabia and Russia And then you've got ones africa was the latest one. And so these are different agencies that help control the IP addresses As a powerful union. Yep Okay, I'm on time by the way folks. I've only got let's see how many information. Um, this is the last slide that Okay, so internet policy though It used to be just a few people long ago But the uan once once uh the web became a powerful thing which was essentially in the 2000s You had the uan going in there and going, okay, we need to be talking about this on a global Let on a global scale not just an american non You know non-profit corporation or other groups that are controlling things and so they had a world summit Which unfortunately didn't agree on anything and then in 2005 they said, why don't we create a governance forum that's in the In uan so that we can discuss everything from national and private and public and academic and technical use of the internet And so the uan in 2006 Founded the internet government governance forum for five years And then renewed it in 2011 and then it renewed it for 10 years 2016 so it goes to 2025 And Okay, so in 2010 they also created another group which is called the commission on science and some technology for development Which had a working group, you know Um with working groups to improve the idea So, you know, there's a lot of committees and blah blah blah, but essentially What I have and I've got technically one minute So in summary the internet is as people have mentioned is too big for one group to control there are International groups that control the technology commercial groups which Control the infrastructure in other words how the the hardware and stuff the technology is more or less If you want to call it the software and such Um, the united nations has gotten involved because it's global There's about five billion people on the internet But still a third of the world that can't get to it And so do not have access to the types of things that people Well, then all of you do because you're listening to me and each other and so, um The one thing I didn't mention and uh, I'm Now at my hour is the idea of In other words the internet so far is is is pretty open And I'm trying to remember the term for it, but essentially net neutrality So in other words, if you want to send your cookie recipe to a friend essentially it has the same importance as a nation's president sending a email to His group or some other thing like that in other words It's it's kind of In theory the most democratic thing ever is the internet But there are ways that that might change and so That's the idea of net neutrality and so far we've we've been able to keep that But hopefully it will not come to like okay if you want your Cookie recipe to go to your friend. It's going to cost you an extra mount or else We'll get there for the next week. You know that kind of stuff. Okay Uh, so open it up to questions comments, which we've been having a lot of thank you