 So we're here at the ITU in Geneva, and I'm very pleased to be joined by Richard Lee from Huawei, who's the new chairman of the Network 2030 focus group. Richard, welcome, and thank you very much indeed for joining us here today. Really honored. I'm very happy to be here. So could you please explain to our viewers what exactly is meant by Network 2030? Network 2030 is a tech study of technologies for the networks in their year, 2030, and beyond. In the last 20 years, web-based applications, multimedia, and apps on our smartphones are dominating our networking industry. In the next 10 years, 5G will become a reality. The market will be driven by enhanced mobile broadband, massive machine-type communications, and up-to-reliable and low-latency communications. The wireless generation takes about 10 years. If we design a transparent network for 5G, we had better design it for a lifespan going over 5G. On the other hand, 5G is not the end of the story. Technology and industry does not stop here. We have to move forward. We have to look ahead. We need to know what will happen after the year 2030, so what will be the marketing drivers after the year 2030, what are the new use cases, what are new requirements, what are the architectures, what should we do about it, are there any technical gaps? So Network 2030 will answer all of these questions. And what are some of the technologies that will be studied and investigated in this new focus group? Actually Network 2030 is not restricted to any particular technology. And we will take a look at multiplexing, new type of multiplexing, and we will also explore new type of switching, new type of routing. If needed, we will explore new definitions of IP and even TCP. And so Network 2030 will bring up some new concepts, new architectures, maybe new protocols and new solutions. Regardless, we will make sure Network 2030 will be fully backward compatible, supporting both the existing and the future and new applications. So we're in the year 2018 and we're only just beginning to see 5G deployments in different urban environments. What's actually the difference between 5G and Network 2030? So there are quite some differences. And 5G, and we already see some new deployments here, 5G mainly takes care of enhance the move block band, massive machine type of communications, and actually reliable and low latency communications. So that age will start probably from now to the year 2030. So Network 2030 will look beyond that, it will look at new media, new services, and new architectures, new media such as holograms, and will be a new generation from AR, VR, and holographic type of communication will have a big part to play in industry, agriculture, education, entertainment, and many other fields. So it will specify some requirements. For example, in order to support it, in order to support holograms, the network needed to support a very high throughput in the range of terabit per second. Speaking of new services, the Colony Internet is essentially best effort. It may support deep-serve, truck-engineering, but some new applications will need some high-precision services. So in Network 2030, we will make sure the network will support latency-guaranteed services and throughput-guaranteed services. And if needed, we will also explore some new technologies. For example, real-switch networks, new IP, preferred path routing, new type of switching, and even holographic teleport. So these are all quite futuristic topics, if you will. Are there any other research groups or conferences or forums or knowledge bases that are getting together and discussing this topic already? Yes, actually, ITUT is not alone in doing this research, but I'm very happy to see that ITUT is the first to clearly set up a focus group dedicated to the Network 2030. So I believe Network 2030 will be a new horizon for the future digital society. So in other organizations, I only saw some activities on future networks and next-generation networks. For example, in SC, Next Generation Protocols, or NGP, it investigates some aspects of next-generation protocols and next-generation networks. So it shares some working topics with Network 2030. In ACM sitcom, it has a workshop called NIT, N-E-A-T, that's for new and emerging applications and technology. NIT 2018 will take place jointly with ACM sitcom this year, in August of this year, in Budapest, Hungary. It covers some aspects of Network 2030. In IEEE, it also has a workshop called HIPNET, H-I-P, N-E-T, that's for high-precision network. HIPNET will take place in November of this year in Italy. It also covers some aspects of Network 2030. So Network 2030 as a focus group in ITUT is not alone in doing this research. Okay, Richard, I'd like to thank you very much indeed for your time and wish you the best of luck and success with your focus group. Thank you very much. It's a pleasure. Thank you.