 Additional note. From the eventful history of the mutiny and piratical seizure of HMS bounty, its cause and consequences. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. The Eventful History of the Mutiny and Piratical Seizure of HMS Bounty by Sir John Barrow. Additional note. In reference to the subject of extraordinary passages made in open boats on the wide ocean and the note thereon at page 127, the following may be added as another instance, the most painfully interesting and the most calamitous, perhaps ever recorded. It was related to Mr. Bennett, a gentleman deputed by the Missionary Society of London together with the Reverend Daniel Tyerman to visit their several stations in the South Sea Islands. By Captain George Poward, the unfortunate sufferer whom these gentlemen met with at Rayateya, then a passenger in an American vessel, having a second time lost his ship near the Sandwich Islands. The narrative is extracted from the Journal of Voyages and Travels, just published, of the two gentlemen above mentioned, and is as follows. My first shipwreck was in open sea on the 20th of November, 1820, near the equator, about 118 degrees west longitude. The vessel, a South Sea whaler, was called the Essex. On that day, as we were on the lookout for sperm whales, and had actually struck too, when the boats crews were following to secure, I perceived a very large one. It might be 80 or 90 feet long, rushing with great swiftness through the water, right towards the ship. We hoped that she would turn aside and dive under when she perceived such a bulk in her way, but no, the animal came full force against our stern post. Had any quarter less firm been struck, the vessel must have been burst, as it was. Every plank and timber trembled throughout her whole bulk. The whale, as though hurt by a severe and unexpected concussion, shook its enormous head and sheared off to so considerable a distance that for some time we had lost sight of her from the starboard quarter, of which we were very glad, hoping that the worst was over. Nearly an hour afterwards we saw the same fish. We had no doubt of this, from her size and the direction in which she came, making again towards us. We were at once aware of our danger, but escape was impossible. She dashed her head this time against the ship's side and so broke it in that the vessel filled rapidly and soon became waterlogged. At the second shock, expecting her to go down, we lowered our three boats with the utmost expedition, and all hands, twenty in the whole, got into them, seven and seven and six. In a little while, as she did not sink, we ventured on board again, and by scuttling the deck, we're enabled to get out some biscuit, beef, water, rum, two sextants, a quadrant, and three compasses. These, together with some rigging, a few muskets, powder, etc., we brought away, and dividing the stores among our three small crews, rigged the boats, as well as we could, there being a compass for each and a sextant for two and a quadrant for one, but neither sextant nor quadrant for the third. End note 42. Then, instead of pushing away for some port, so amazed and bewildered were we, that we continued sitting in our places, gazing upon the ship, as though she had been an object of the tenderest affection. Our eyes could not leave her till, at the end of many hours, she gave a slight reel, then down she sank. No words can tell our feelings. We looked at each other, we looked at the place where she had so lately been afloat, and we did not cease to look till the terrible conviction of our abandoned and perilous situation roused us to exertion, if deliverance were yet possible. We now consulted about the course which it might be best to take westward to India, eastward to South America, or south westward to the society isles. We knew that we were at no great distance from Tahiti, but were so ignorant of the state and temper of the inhabitants, that we feared we should be devoured by cannibals if we cast ourselves on their mercy. It was determined, therefore, to make for South America, which we computed to be more than two thousand miles distant. Accordingly, we steered eastward, and though for several days harassed with squalls, we contrived to keep together. It was not long before we found that one of the boats had started a plank, which was no wonder, for whale boats are all clinker-built and very slight being made of half-inch plank only before planning. To remedy this alarming defect, we all turned to, and having emptied the damaged boat into the two others, we raised her side as well as we could, and succeeded in restoring the plank at the bottom. Through this accident some of our biscuit had become injured by the salt water. This was equally divided among the several boats' crews. Food and water, meanwhile, with our utmost economy, rapidly failed. Our strength was exhausted not by abstinence only, but by the labours which we were obliged to employ to keep our little vessels afloat amidst the storms which repeatedly assailed us. One night we were parted in rough weather, but though the next day we fell in with one of our companion boats, we never saw or heard any more of the other, which probably perished at sea, being without either sextant or quadrant. When we were reduced to the last pinch and out of everything, having been more than three weeks abroad, we were cheered with the sight of a low, uninhabited island which we reached in hope, but were bitterly disappointed. There were some barren bushes and many rocks on this forlorn spot. The only provision that we could procure were a few birds and their eggs. This supply was soon reduced, the sea-fowls appeared to have been frightened away, and their nests were left empty after we had once or twice plundered them. What distressed us most was the utter want of fresh water. We could not find a drop anywhere, till, at the extreme verge of ebb tide, a small spring was discovered in the sand, but even that was too scanty to afford us sufficient to quench our thirst before it was covered by the waves at their return. There being no prospect but that of starvation here, we determined to put to sea again. Three of our comrades, however, chose to remain, and we pledged ourselves to send a vessel to bring them off if we ourselves should ever escape to a Christian port. With a very small morsel of biscuit for each and a little water, we again ventured out on the wide ocean. In the course of a few days our provisions were consumed. Two men died. We had no other alternative than to live upon their remains. These we roasted to dryness by means of fires kindled on the battlest sand at the bottom of the boats. End note, forty-four. When this supply was spent, what could we do? We looked at each other with horrid thoughts in our minds, but we held our tongues. I am sure that we loved one another as brothers all the time, and yet our looks told plainly what must be done. We cast lots, and the fatal one fell on my poor cabin-boy. I started forward instantly, and cried out, My lad, my lad, if you don't like your lot, I'll shoot the first man that touches you. The poor emaciated boy hesitated a moment or two, then quietly laying his head down upon the gunnel of the boat, he said, I like it, as well as any other. He was soon dispatched, and nothing of him left. I think then another man died of himself, and him too. We ate, but I can tell you no more. My head is on fire at the recollection. I hardly know what to say. I forgot to say that we had parted company with the second boat, before now, after some more days of horror and despair, when some were lying down at the bottom of the boat, not able to rise, and scarcely one of us could move a limb, a vessel hove in sight. We were taken on board and treated with extreme kindness. The second last boat was also picked up at sea, and the survivors saved. A ship afterwards sailed in search of our companions on the desolate island, and brought them away. Close, quote. Captain Pollard closed his dreary narrative with saying, in a tone of despondency, never to be forgotten by him who heard it, quote, after a time I found my way to the United States, to which I belonged, and got another ship. That, too, I have lost by a second wreck off the sandwich islands, and now I am utterly ruined. No owner will ever trust me with a whaler again, for all will say, I am an unlucky man. Close, quote. The following account, respecting the three men that were left on the uninhabited island, is given in a note of the same work and said to be extracted from a religious tract, number 579, issued by the Society in Peter Noster, row, quote, on the 26th of December, the boats left the island. This was indeed a trying moment to all. They separated with mutual prayers and good wishes. 17, end note, 44, venturing to sea with almost certain death before them, while three remained on a rocky isle, destitute of water, and affording hardly anything to support life. The prospects of these three poor men were gloomy. They again tried to dig a well, but without success. And all hope seemed at an end, when, providentially, they were relieved by a shower of rain. They were thus delivered from the immediate apprehension of perishing by thirst. Their next care was to procure food. And their difficulties herein were also very great. Their principal resource was small birds, about the size of a blackbird, which they caught while at roost. Every night they climbed the trees in search of them, and obtained by severe exertions, a scanty supply, hardly enough to support life. Some of the trees bore a small berry, which gave them a little relief. But these were found only in small quantities. Shellfish they searched for in vain. And although from the rocks they saw at times a number of sharks, and also other sorts of fish, they were unable to catch any, as they had no fishing tackle. Once they saw several turtles, and succeeded in taking five. But they were then without water. At those times they had little inclination to eat. And before one of them was quite finished, the others were become unfit for food. Their sufferings, from want of water, were the most severe. Their only supply being from what remained in holes among the rocks after the showers, which fell at intervals. And sometimes they were five or six days without any. On these occasions they were compelled to suck the blood of the birds they caught, which allayed their thirst in some degree. But they did so very unwillingly, as they found themselves much disordered thereby. Among the rocks were several caves formed by nature, which afforded shelter from the wind and rain. In one of these caves they found eight human skeletons. In all probability there remains of some poor mariners, who had been shipwrecked on the isle, and perished for want of food and water. They were side by side, as if they had laid down and died together. This sight deeply affected the mate and his companions. Their case was similar, and they had every reason to expect ere long the same end. For many times they lay down at night, with their tongues swollen, and their lips parched with thirst, scarcely hoping to see the morning sun. And it is impossible to form an idea of their feelings when the morning dawned, and they found their prayers had been heard, and answered by a providential supply of rain. In this state they continued till the fifth of April following. On the morning of that day they were in the woods, as usual, searching for food and water, as well as their weakness permitted. When their attention was aroused by a sound which they thought was distant thunder, but looking towards the sea, they saw a ship in the offing which had just fired a gun. Their joy at this sight may be more easily imagined than described. They immediately fell on their knees and thanked God for his goodness, and thus sending deliverance when least expected. Then, hastening to the shore, they saw a boat coming towards them. As the boat could not approach the shore without great danger, the mate, being a good swimmer and stronger than his companions, plunged into the sea, and providentially escaped a watery grave at the moment when deliverance was at hand. His companions crawled out further on the rocks, and by the great exertions of the crew were taken into the boat, and soon found themselves on board the Surrey, commanded by Captain Rain, by whom they were treated in the kindest manner, and their health and strength were speedily restored. Close quote. Mr. Montgomery, the editor, observes, quote, there is some incongruity in these two narratives, which more minute particulars might reconcile. Close quote. We have noticed them. Mr. Bennett received the account verbally and may be mistaken at some points, but there is little doubt of its being substantially correct. This melancholy history supplies an additional and complete answer to Bly's doubts of men feeding on each other to preserve existence. End of an additional note read by Dennis Sayers in Modesto, California for LibriVox. End notes of the eventful history of the mutiny and piratical seizure of HMS Bounty, its cause and consequences. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org recording by Barry Eads. The eventful history of the mutiny and piratical seizure of HMS Bounty by Sir John Barrow. End notes. End note one. The discovery of this island is owing to Fernandez de Cueros in 1606, which he named La Sagittaria. Some doubts were at first entertained of its identity with Otehiti, but the small difference of a few miles in latitude and about two degrees of longitude, the description as to size, the low isthmus, the distance from it of any other island at all similar, and above all, the geographical position, all prove its identity, although Cueros calls it what it certainly is not a low island. End note two. A missionary voyage to the Southern Pacific Ocean. Appendix. Pages 336, 342. End note three. Cook appears not to have exercised his usual judgment in estimating the population of this island. After stating the number of war canoes at 1720 and able men to man them at 68,800, he comes to the conclusion that the population must consist of 204,000 souls, and reflecting on the vast swarms which everywhere appeared, I was convinced, he says, that this estimate was not much, if at all, too great. End note four. The words within brackets are in the original dispatch. End note five. He was born in the Isle of Man, his father being deemster of man, and seneschal to the Duke of Atoll. End note six. United Service Journal, April 1831. End note seven. Hayward and Hallett, who may thus be considered as the passive cause of the mutiny. End note eight. Quarterly review, number 89. End note nine. One person turns his back on the object that is to be divided. Another then points separately to the portions, at each of them asking aloud, who shall have this, to which the first answers by naming somebody. This impartial method of distribution gives every man an equal chance of the best share. Bly used to speak of the great amusement the poor people had at the beak and claws falling to his share. End note ten. If Bly here meant to deny the fact of men in extreme cases destroying each other for the sake of appeasing hunger, he is greatly mistaken. The fact was but too well established and to a great extent on the raft of the French frigate Medusa, when wrecked on the coast of Africa and also on the rock in the Mediterranean, when the nautilus frigate was lost. There may be a difference between men in danger of perishing by famine when in robust health and men like those of the bounty worn by degrees to skeletons by protracted famine who may thus have become equally indifferent to life or death. End note eleven. The escape of the centaurs boat perhaps comes nearest to it. When the centaurs was sinking Captain Engelfeld and eleven others in a small leaky boat five feet broad with one of the gunwales stove nearly in the middle of the western ocean without compass, without quadrant, without sail, without great coat or cloak, all very thinly clothed in a gale of wind with a great sea running and the winter fast approaching, the sun and stars by which alone they could shape their course sometimes hidden for twenty-four hours. These unhappy men in this destitute and hopeless condition had to brave the billows of the stormy Atlantic for nearly a thousand miles. A blanket which was by accident in the boat served as a sail and with this they scutted before the wind in expectation of being swallowed up by every wave. With great difficulty the boat was cleared of water before the return of the next great sea. All of the people were half-drowned and sitting except the bailers at the bottom of the boat. On quitting the ship the distance of fail was two hundred and sixty leagues or about nine hundred English miles. Their provisions were a bag of bread, a small ham, a single piece of pork, two quart bottles of water, and a few of French cordials. One biscuit divided into twelve morsels was served for breakfast and the same for dinner the neck of a bottle broken off with the cork in supplied the piece of a glass and this filled with water was the allowance for twenty-four hours for each man. On the fifteenth day they had only one day's bread and one bottle of water remaining of a second supply of rain. On this day Matthews a quarter-master, the stoutest man in the boat, perished of hunger and cold. This poor man on the day before had complained of want of strength in his throat as he expressed it to swallow his morsel and in the night drank seawater, grew delirious and died without a groan. Here the two despair and gloom had been successfully prevented, the men when the evenings closed in, having been encouraged by turns to sing a song or relate a story instead of a supper. But, says the captain, this evening I found it impossible to raise either. The captain had directed the clothes to be taken from the corpse of Matthews and given to some of the men who were perishing with cold. But the shocking skeleton-like appearance of his remains made such an impression on the people that all efforts to raise their spirits were ineffectual. On the following day, the 16th, their last breakfast was served with the bread and water remaining, when John Gregory, the quarter-master, declared with much confidence that he saw land in the southeast which turned out to be Fayelle. But the most extraordinary feat of navigation is that which is related, on good authority, in a note of the Quarterly Review, Volume 18, Pages 337 through 339. Of all the feats of navigation on record, however, that of Diogo Botelopera Ira, in the early period of 1536-37, stands preeminent. It is extracted from the voluminous decades of Diogo de Couto, whose work, though abounded with much curious matter, like those of most of the old Portuguese writers, has not been fortunate enough to obtain an English translation. We are indebted to a friend for pointing it out to us, and we conceive it will be read with interest. In the time of the vice-royalty of Don Francisco de Almeda, there was a young gentleman in India of the name of Diogo Botelopera Ira, son of the commander of Coutine, who educated him with great care, so that he soon became skilled in the art of navigation, and an adept in the construction of marine charts. As he grew up, he felt anxious to visit Portugal, where on his arrival he was well received at court, and the king took pleasure in conversing with him on those subjects which had been the particular objects of his studies. Confident of his own talents, and presuming on the favor with which the king always treated him, he ventured one day to request his majesty to appoint him commander of the fortress of Caillou. The king smiled at his request, and replied that the command of the fortress was not for pilots. Botelop was peaked at this answer, and on returning into the ante-chamber was met by Don Antonio Noronja, second son of the Marquis of Villareal, who asked him if his suit had been granted. He answered, Sir, I will apply where my suit will not be neglected. When this answer came to the ears of the king, he immediately ordered Botelop to be confined in the castle of Lisbon. Least he should follow the example of Magallans and go over to Spain. There he remained a prisoner until the Admiral Viceroy Don Vasco de Gama solicited his release and was permitted to take him to India, but on the express condition that he should not return to Portugal except by special permission. Under these unpleasant circumstances this gentleman proceeded to India, anxious for an opportunity of distinguishing himself that he might be permitted again to visit Portugal. It happened about this time that the Sultan Badour, sovereign of Cambia, gave the governor, Nuno de Cuna, permission to erect a fortress on the island of Deu, an object long and anxiously wished for as being of the greatest importance to the security of the Portuguese possessions in India. Botelop was aware how acceptable this information would be to the king, and therefore deemed this a favorable opportunity of regaining his favor by conveying such important intelligence, and he resolved to perform the voyage in a vessel so small and so unlike what had ever appeared in Portugal that it should not fail to excite astonishment, how any man could undertake so long and perilous a navigation in such a frail and diminutive bottom. Without communicating his scheme to any person, he procured a fusta, put a deck on it from head to stern, furnished it with spare sails and spars and every other necessary and constructed two small tanks for water. As soon as the monsoon served he embarked with some men in his service, giving out that he was going to Malinda, and to give color to this story he proceeded to Baticala, where he purchased some cloths and beads for that market, and laid in provisions. Some native merchants also embarked with a few articles on board for the Malinda market, to which he did not choose to object, least it should alarm his sailors. He set sail with the eastern monsoon in the beginning of October, and arrived safely at Malinda, where he landed the native merchants, took in wood, water, and refreshments, and again put to sea, informing his crew that he was going to Quaíloa. When he had got to a distance from the land it would appear that some of his crew had mutinied, but this he had foreseen and provided for, putting some of them in irons and promising at the same time amply to reward the services of the rest, and giving them to understand that he was going to Sofala on account of the trade in gold. Thus he proceeded touching at various places for refreshments, which he met with in great plenty and very cheap. From Sofala he proceeded along the coast till he had passed the Cabo dos Correntes, and from thence along the shore without ever venturing to a distance from the land and touching at the different rivers, until he passed the Cape of Good Hope, which he did in January 1537. From thence he stretched into the ocean with gentle breezes, steering for St. Helena, where on arriving he drew his little vessel ashore to clean her bottom and repair her, and also to give a few days rest to his crew, of whom some had perished of cold, notwithstanding his having provided warm clothing for them. Departing from St. Helena he boldly steered his little bark across the wide ocean, directing his career to St. Tome, where he took in provisions, wood, and water, and from thence he proceeded to the Bar of Lisbon, where he arrived in May when the king was at Almerine. He entered the river with his oars, his little vessel being dressed with flags and pendants, and anchored at Point Laira opposite to Salvatera, not being able to get farther up the river. This novelty produced such a sensation in Lisbon that the Tagus was covered with boats to see the fusta Diego Botelo Pereira landed in a boat and proceeded to Almerine to give the king an account of his voyage, and solicit a gratification for the good news which he brought of his majesty now being possessed of a fortress on the island of Deu. The king was highly pleased with this intelligence, but as Boutelo brought no letters from the governor he did not give him the kind of reception which he had expected. On the contrary, the king treated him with coldness and distance. His majesty, however, embarked to see the fusta, on board of which he examined everything with much attention, and was gratified in viewing a vessel of such a peculiar form, and ordered money and clothes to be given to the sailors. Nor could he help considering Diego Botelo as a man of extraordinary enterprise and courage, on whose firmness implicit reliance might be placed. The little vessel was ordered to be drawn ashore at Sacabem, where it remained many years until it fell to pieces, and was visited by people from all parts of Europe who beheld it with astonishment. The king subsequently received letters from the governor of Nuna de Cuna, confirming the news brought by Boutelo. The bearer of these letters, a Jew, was immediately rewarded with a pension of a hundred and forty mil reyes, but Boutelo was neglected for many years, and at last appointed commander of Saint Tomei, and finally made captain of Caninor in India, that he might be at a distance from Portugal. The vessel named Fusta is a long, shallow, Indian-built rowboat, which uses Latin sails in fine weather. These boats are usually open, but Boutelo covered his with a deck. Its dimensions, according to Lovanna, in his edition of the Boros Unfinished Decade, are as follows. Length 22 palmoles, or 16 feet 6 inches. Breath 12 palmoles, or 9 feet. Depth 6 palmoles, or 4 feet 6 inches. Bly's boat was 23 feet long, 6 feet 9 inches broad, and 2 feet 9 inches deep. From the circumstance mentioned of some of his crew having perished with cold, it is probable that they were natives of India, whom the Portuguese were in the habit of bringing home as part of their crew. Note 12 Previous to the writing of this letter, the following copy of Versus shows how anxiously this young lady's mind was engaged on the unhappy circumstances under which her brother was placed. On the tedious and mournful absence of a most beloved brother, who was in the bounty with Captain Bly at the time of the fatal mutiny, which happened April 28, 1789 in the South Seas, and who, instead of returning with the boat when she left the ship, stayed behind. Tell me, thou busy flattering tell-tale, why, why flow these tears, why heaves this deep-felt sigh, why is all joy from my sad bosom flown? Why lost that cheerfulness I thought my own? Why seek I now in solitude for ease, which once was centred in a wish to please, when every hour in joy and gladness passed, and each new day shown brighter than the last? When in society I loved to join, when to enjoy and give delight was mine. Now, sad reverse in sorrow wakes each day, and grief's sad tones inspire each plaintive lay. Alas, too plain these mournful tears can tell, the pangs of woe my laboring bosoms swell. Thou best of brothers, friend, companion, guide, joy of my youth, my honor and my pride. Lost in all peace all happiness to me, and fled all comfort since deprived of thee. In vain my licetus, thy loss I mourn, in vain indulge a hope of thy return. Though years roll on and still I vainly sigh, still tears of anguish drown each gushing eye. Ah, I, cruel time, I how slow thy lingering pace, which keeps me from his tender-loved embrace, at home to see him or to know him near. How much I wish, and yet how much I fear! O I, fatal void, which robbed my soul of peace, and wrecked my happiness in stormy seas. Why, my loveless indis, why did thou stay? Why waste thy life from friendship far away? Though guiltless thou of mutiny or blame, and free from ought which could disgrace thy name. Though thy pure soul in honor's footsteps trained, was never yet by disobedience stained. Yet is thy fame exposed to slander's wound, and fell suspicion whispering around. In vain to those who knew thy worth and truth, who watched each opening virtue of thy youth, when noblest principles informed thy mind, where sense and sensibility were joined. Love to inspire, to charm, to win each heart, and every tender sentiment in part. Thy outward form adorned with every grace, with beauty's softest charms thy heavenly face. Where sweet expression beaming ever proved, the index of that soul, by all beloved. Thy wit so keen, thy genius form to soar, by fancy winged, new science to explore. Thy temper ever gentle, good and kind, where all but guilt and advocate could find. To those who know this character was thine, and in this truth assenting numbers join. How vain the attempt to fix a crime on thee, which thou disdainst from which each thought is free. Know, my loved brother, nare will I believe thy seeming worth was meant but to deceive. Still will I think each circumstance, though strange, that thy firm principles could never change. That hopes of preservation urged thy stay, or force, which those relentless must obey. If this is error, let me still remain, in error wrapped, nor wake to truth again. Come, then, sweet hope, with all thy train of joy, nor let despair each rapturous thought destroy. Indulgent heaven in pity to our tears, at length will bless a parent's sinking years. Again shall I behold thy lovely face, by manhood formed and ripened every grace. Again I'll press thee to my anxious breast, and every sorrow shall be hushed to rest. Thy presence only can each comfort give. Come, then, my lycetus, and let me live. Life without thee is but a wretched load. Thy love alone can smooth its thorny road. But blessed with thee, how light were every woe. How would my soul, with joy and rapture glow. I, kind heaven, thou hast my happiness in store. Restore him innocent, I ask no more. File of Man, February 25, 1792, Nessie Haywood. End Note XIII. This interesting letter is given in the following chapter to which it appropriately belongs. End Note XIV. His orders run thus. You are to keep the mutineers as closely confined as may preclude all possibility of their escaping, having, however, proper regard to the preservation of their lives that they may be brought home to undergo the punishment due to their demerits. End Note XV. Voyage Round the World by Mr. George Hamilton, Page 84. End Note XVI. A missionary voyage to the Southern Pacific, Page 360. End Note XVII. United Service Journal. End Note XVIII. The Pajosians, on account of the sterility of their country, were in the habit of practicing piracy, which, according to Justin, was held to be an honorable profession. End Note XIX. These laws are contained in an ancient authentic book called The Black Book of the Admiralty, in which all things therein comprehended are engrossed on vellum in an ancient character which hath been from time to time kept in the registry of the High Court of Admiralty for the use of the judges. When Mr. Looters made inquiry at the office in Doctor's Commons in 1808, he was informed by the proper officers there that they had never seen such a book, and knew nothing of it nor where to find it. The fact is, the book in question was put into Lord Thurlow's hands when Attorney General and never returned. There is a copy of it in the Admiralty. End Note XX. Morrison mentions in his journal a plan to this effect contrived by Haywood, Stewart, and himself, but observes it was a foolish attempt, as, had we met with bad weather, our crazy boat would certainly have made us a coffin. End Note XXI. The following shows how much her fond mind was fixed on her unfortunate brother. On the arrival of my dearly beloved brother, Peter Haywood, in England, written while a prisoner, and waiting the event of his trial, on board his majesty's ship Hector. Come, gentle muse, I woo thee once again, nor woo thee now in melancholy strain, assist my verse in cheerful mood to flow, nor let this tender bosom anguish know. Fill all my soul with notes of love and joy, no more let grief each anxious thought employ. With rapture now alone this heart shall burn, and joy my licetus for thy return. Returned with every charm accomplished youth, adorned with virtue, innocence, and truth. Wrapped in thy conscious merit still remain, till I behold thy lovely form again. Protect him, heaven, from dangers and alarms, and oh restore him to a sister's arms. Support his fortitude in that dread hour when he must brave suspicion's cruel power. Grant him to plead with elegance divine, in every word let truth and honor shine. Through each sweet accent let persuasion flow, with manly firmness let his bosom glow. Till strong conviction in each face expressed grants a reward by honor's self-confest. Let thy omnipotence preserve him still, and all his future days with pleasure fill. And, O kind heaven, though now in chains he be, restore him soon to friendship, love, and me. August 5, 1792, Isle of Man, Nessie Haywood. End Note XXII. The late Aaron Graham Esquire, the highly respected police magistrate in London. End Note XXIII. Till a moment of the trial it will readily be supposed that every thought of this amiable young lady was absorbed in her brother's fate. In this interval the following lines appear to have been written. On receiving information by a letter from my ever dearly loved brother Peter Haywood, that his trial was soon to take place. O gentle hope with eyes serene and aspect ever sweetly mild, who decest with gayest flowers each seen in sportive, rich luxuriance wild. Thou soother of corroding care when sharp afflictions pangs we feel, teachest with fortitude to bear, and knowest deep sorrows wounds to heal. Thy timid vultry now inspire, thy influence in pity lend, with confidence this bosom fire till anxious dread suspense shall end. Let not fear invade my breast, my licidus notera knows. With conscious innocence he's blessed, and soon will triumph over his woes. Watch him, sweet power which looks benign, possession of his bosom keep, while waking make each moment shine, with fancy gild his hours of sleep. Protect him still nor let him dread the awful the approaching hour, when on his poor devoted head fell slander falls with cruel power. Yet gentle hope deceive me not, nor with deluding smiles betray, be honors recompense his lot, and glory crown each future day. And oh, support this fainting heart with courage till that hour is past, when freed from Envy's fatal dart his innocence shines forth at last. Then my loved licidus will meet, thy miseries and trials o'er. With soft delight thy heart shall beat, and hail with joy thy native shore. Then will each hour with rapture fly, then sorrow's plaintive voice will cease. No care shall cause the heaving sigh, but all our days be crowned with peace. With love and fond affection blessed, no more shall grief our bliss destroy, no pain disturb each faithful breast, but rapture all and endless joy. Isle of Man, August 22, 1792, Nessie Haywood. End Note 24. The minutes being very long, a brief abstract only, containing the principal points of evidence is here given. End Note 25. This journal, it is presumed, must have been lost when the Pandora was wrecked. End Note 26. It was in this state of mind, while in momentary expectation of receiving an account of the termination of the court-martial, that Haywood's charming sister Nessie wrote the following lines. Anxiety. Douting dreadful, fretful guest, quit, oh, I quit this mortal breast. Why wilt thou my peace invade, and each brighter prospect shade? Pain me not with needless fear, but let hope my bosom cheer. While I court her gentle charms, woo the flatterer to my arms. While each moment she beguiles, with her sweet enlivening smiles. While she softly whispers me, the seduce again is free. While I gaze on pleasure's gleam, say not thou, to all a dream. Hence, nor dark and joy soft bloom, with thy pale and sickly gloom, not have I to do with thee. Hence be gone anxiety. Isle of Man, September 10, Nessie Haywood. End Note 27 This is supposed to allude to the evidence given by Haylett. End Note 28 This refers to a very kind and encouraging letter written to him by the Reverend Dr. Scott on the Isle of Man, who knew him from a boy and had the highest opinion of his character. End Note 29 Captain Bly states in his journal that none of his officers were suffered to come near him while held a prisoner by Christian, and Haylett was, no doubt, mistaken, but he had probably said it in the boat, and thought it right to be consistent on the trial. It has been said that Haylett, when in the Penelope, in which frigate he died, expressed great regret at the evidence he had given at the court-martial, and frequently alluded to it, admitting that he might have been mistaken. There can be very little doubt that he was so, but the editor has ascertained from personal inquiry of one of the most distinguished flag officers in the service, who was then first lieutenant of the Penelope, that Haylett frequently expressed to him his deep contrition for having given evidence, what, on subsequent reflection, he was convinced to be incorrect, that he ascribed it to the state of confusion in which his mind was when under examination before the court, and that he had since satisfied himself that, owing to the general alarm and confusion during the mutiny, he must have confounded Haywood with some other person. End Note 30. Volume 2, page 778. End Note 31. Some few captains were in the habit of turning over a delinquent to be tried by their messmates, and when found guilty, it invariably happened that the punishment inflicted was doubly severe to what it would have been in the ordinary way. This practice, which, as giving a deliberative voice to the ship's company, was highly reprehensible, it is to be hoped was entirely ceased. End Note 32. Information that the pardon was gone down to Portsmouth. End Note 33. She had received, previous to this, information of what the event would be, and thus gives vent to her feelings. On receiving certain intelligence that my most amiable and beloved brother, Peter Haywood, would soon be restored to freedom. O blissful hour, O moment of delight, replete with happiness, with rapture bright! An age of pain is sure repaid by this, his joy too great, his ecstasy of bliss. Yet sweet sensations crowding on my soul, which following each other swiftly roll, ye dear ideas which unceasing press, and pain this bosom by your wild excess. Ah, kindly cease, for pity sakes subside, nor thus overwhelm me with joys rapid tide. My beating heart, oppressed with woe and care, has yet to learn such happiness to bear. From grief, distracting grief, thus high to soar, to no dull pain and misery no more. To hail each opening morn with new delight, to rest in peace and joy each happy night. To see my licetus from bondage free, restored to life, to pleasure and to me. To see him thus adorned with virtue's charms, to give him to a longing mother's arms. To know him by surrounding friends caressed, of honor, fame, of life's best gifts possessed. O my full heart, his joy, his bliss supreme, and though tis real, yet how like a dream. Teach me then, heaven, to bear it as I ought. Inspire each rapturous, each transporting thought. Teach me to bend beneath thy bounteous hand, with gratitude my willing heart expand. To thy omnipotence I humbly bow, afflicted once, but ah, how happy now. Restored in peace, submissive to thy will. O bless his days to come, protect him still. Prolong his life, thy goodness to adore, and oh, let sorrow's shafts never wound him more. Nessie Haywood, London, October 15, 1792, Midnight. End Note 34. Mr. Graham's Daughter. End Note 35. Several elegiic stanzas were written on the death of this accomplished young lady. The following are dated from her native place, the Isle of Man, where her virtues and accomplishments could best be appreciated. How soon, sweet maid, how like a fleeting dream, the winning graces all thy virtues seem. How soon arrested in thy early bloom has fate decreed thee to the joyless tomb. Nor beauty, genius, nor the muses care, nor ought could move the tyrant death to spare. Ah, could their power revoke the stern decree, the fatal shaft had passed unfelt by thee. But vain thy wit, thy sentiment refined, thy charms external, and accomplished mind, thy artless smiles that seize the willing heart, thy converse that could pure delight impart, the melting music of thy skillful tongue, while judgment listened ravished with thy song. Not all the gifts that art in nature gave could save thee, lovely Nessie, from the grave. Too early lost, from friendship's bosom torn, oh, might I tune thy lyre and sweetly mourn. In strains like thine, when beautyous Margaret's fate oppressed thy friendly heart with sorrow's weight, then should my numbers flow and laurels bloom in endless spring around Fair Nessie's tomb. Alluding to some elegant lines by the deceased on the death of a female friend. End Note XXXVI. The following appears to have been written by Mr. P. Haywood on the day that the sentence of condemnation was passed on him. Silence, then. The whispers of complaint. Low in the dust, dissatisfaction's demons growl unheard. All, all is good, all excellent below. Pain is a blessing, sorrow leads to joy, joy, permanent and solid. Every ill, grim death itself in all its horrors clad, is man's supremous privilege. It frees the soul from prison, from foul sin, from woe, and gives it back to glory, rest and God. Cheerly, my friends, oh cheerly, look not thus with pity's melting softness. That alone can shake my fortitude. All is not lost. Low, I have gained on this important day a victory consummate or myself, and or this life a victory, on this day. My birthday to eternity I've gained dismission from a world where for a while, like you, like all, a pilgrim passing poor, a traveler, a stranger. I have met still stranger treatment, rude and harsh. I so much the dearer more desired the home I seek. Eternal of my Father and my God, I then pious resignation, meek eyed power, sustain me still. Composure still be mine. Where rests it? Oh mysterious providence, I silenced the wild idea. I have found no mercy yet, no mild humanity, with cruel unrelenting rigor torn and lost in prison, lost to all below. And the following appears to have been written on the day of the king's pardon being received. O deem it not, presumptuous that my soul grateful thus rates the present high deliverance it hath found. Soul effort of thy wisdom, sovereign power, without whose knowledge not a sparrow falls. O I may I cease to live, ere cease to bless, that interposing hand which turned aside, nay, to my life and preservation turned, the fatal blow precipitate ordained to level all my little hopes in dust, and give me to the grave. End note thirty-seven, with which the editor at his request was favoured at the time. End note thirty-eight. The only authority that then existed for laying down this island was that of Captain Keteret, who first sought in seventeen sixty-seven. It is so high, he says, that we sought at the distance of more than fifteen leagues, and it having been discovered by a young gentleman, son to Major Pitcairn of the Marines, who was unfortunately lost in the Aurora, we called it Pitcairn's Island. He makes it in latitude twenty-five degrees, two minutes south, and longitude, a hundred and thirty-three degrees, thirty minutes west, no less than three degrees out of its true longitude. Three minutes would now be thought a considerable error. Such are the superior advantages conferred by lunar observations and improvements in chronometers. Pitcairn's Island has been supposed to be the Incarnacion of Curios, by whom it was stated to be in latitude twenty-four degrees, thirty minutes, and one thousand leagues from the coast of Peru, but as he describes it as a low sandy island, almost level with the sea, having a few trees on it, we must look for Incarnacion somewhere else, and Ducey's Island, nearly in that latitude, very low, and within five degrees of longitude of Pitcairn's Island, answers precisely to it. End Note 39. As the matter of Christian's death has been differently reported to each different visitor by Adams, the only evidence in existence, with the exception of three or four Othoedian women, and a few infants, some singular circumstances may here be mentioned that happened at home, just at the time of Folder's visit, and which might render his death on Pitcairn's Island almost a matter of doubt. About the years 1808 and 1809 a very general opinion was prevalent in the neighborhood of the lakes of Cumberland and Westmoreland, that Christian was in that part of the country, and made frequent private visits to an aunt who was living there. Being the near relative of Mr. Christian Kerwin, long member of Parliament for Carlisle, and himself a native, he was well known in the neighborhood. This, however, might be passed over as mere gossip, had not another circumstance happened just about the same time, for the truth of which the editor does not hesitate to avouch. In Four Street, Plymouth Dock, Captain Haywood found himself one day walking behind a man whose shape had so much the appearance of Christians that he involuntarily quickened his pace. Both were walking very fast, and the rapid steps behind him having roused the stranger's attention, he suddenly turned his face, looking at Haywood, and immediately ran off. But the face was as much like Christians as the back, and Haywood, exceedingly excited, ran also. Both ran as fast as they were able, but the stranger had the advantage, and, after making several short turns, disappeared. That Christian should be in England Haywood considered as highly improbable, though not out of the scope of possibility, for at this time no account of him whatsoever had been received since they parted at O. Tahiti. At any rate the resemblance, the agitation, and the efforts of the stranger to elude him were circumstances too strong not to make a deep impression on his mind. At the moment his first thought was to set about making some further inquiries, but on recollection of the pain and trouble such a discovery might occasion him, he considered it more prudent to let the matter drop, but the circumstance was frequently called to his memory for the remainder of his life. And note 40. This knobs is probably one of those half-witted persons who fancied they have received a call to preach nonsense. Some cobbler escaped from his stall, or tailor from his shop-board. Kitty Quintels can't phrase, we want food for our souls, and praying at meals for spiritual nourishment, smack not a little of the jargon of the inferior caste of evangelicals. Whoever this pastorial drone may be, it is but too evident that the preservation of the innocence, simplicity, and happiness of these amiable people is intimately connected with his speedy removal from the island. Note 41. Well-May Adams has sought for rules for his little society in a book, which contains the foundation of the civil and religious policy of two-thirds of the human race. In that wonderful book, and to whose inspired pages the afflicted never seek for consolation in vain, millions of examples attest this truth. There is no incident in Robinson Caruso observes a writer in a critical journal told in language more natural and affecting than Robert Knox's accidental discovery of a Bible in the midst of the Canadian dominions of Ceylon. His previous despondency from the death of his father, his only friend and companion, whose grave he had but just dug with his own hands, being now, as he says, left desolate, sick, and in captivity, his agitation, joy, and even terror, on meeting with a book he had for such a length of time not seen, nor hope to see, his anxiety least he should fail to procure it, and the comfort when procured, which it afforded him in his affliction, all are told in such a strain of true piety and genuine simplicity as cannot fail to interest and affect every reader of sensibility. Note 42. If there were three instruments and three boats, there must have been one for each, for the quadrant was just as good as a sextant, editor. Note 43. The mistake is here again repeated. It would be absurd to suppose that one boat had both quadrant and sextant. Note 44. It is not explained with what kind of fuel they performed this distressing operation. Note 45. Here again is another mistake. The number must have been eleven at most, one of the boats having parted before the others reached the island. Editor. End of End Notes. End of the eventful history of the mutiny and piratical seizure of HMS Bounty, Its Cause and Consequences by Sir John Barrow.