 Alright, factors that affect shaving, identify what you want right away. If you don't identify that terminal behavior, the behavior, the goal behavior, the one you're shooting for, then how are you going to know what a successive approximation is of that? In order to identify that behavior, you also have to use an operational definition. So what does the behavior look like? So you have to be able to identify it when you see it and you have to be able to identify when the person is getting closer to it. Every characteristic, the topography, the frequency, the duration, the latency, the intensity, all of those things should be identified clearly. And keep in mind those are the properties of any behavior. All behavior has topography, all behavior has frequency, most behavior has duration, most behavior has latency, and so on and so forth. So you have to look at each one of those things. Which ones are you going to shave? Are you going to shave all of them? Are you going to shave some of them? Each one of those things should be identified in order for shaving to be, in order for you to be successful using shaving. Right off the bat, with the initial behavior, you need to choose something that's related to the terminal behavior somehow. With Pixel, we didn't teach her to sit pretty by having her jump in a lake. You know, so it would be really hard to shape up jumping in a lake to sitting pretty. They're just not related to each other, right? But some type of sitting or standing, those are related to each other, so we can link those very easily. So that's kind of the idea is to find a simple connection. It's like with the marketry stuff in the previous example, it starts out with just some basic woodworking skills, right? Maybe some small inlay techniques and we're going to reinforce more complex use of those basic skills. Identify the steps. Before you ever start, list out the steps ahead of time. That way, and the idea of what we're talking about with steps here is the, what you call it, sorry, I just drawn a plank for a second. The steps are really those things that you're going to look for to reinforce the success of approximations. Do you have to follow every single one of your steps? Not necessarily. The learner may jump a step or two and you've got to be ready to reinforce that approximation. It's like, ooh, okay, cool. Pixel skipped that intermediary steps and now she's getting closer to standing or something like that, so I'm going to reinforce that. So if you've listed those out ahead of time, then it's easier to know when you're going to go ahead and reinforce them. When you're doing this, you need to make sure that you establish each step. And again, you kind of let the learner guide you in terms of where they're at in the steps, but you literally reinforce each approximation several times. If you need to, that's the other thing you need to be reflexive to that and maybe the person who gets through their steps very quickly. But if we go back to the marketry example, you don't just do a little bit of inlay and then move on to a challenge like that one. You do a lot of inlay over and over again. Then you add more species of wood and you try to work with those. Then you add more complex patterns and you work with those. And after five, six, 10, 20 years, you get to doing floors like what you saw in that previous picture. One of the other things that you see with shaping is that the person that's member of shaping also includes some sort of extinction as well, right? It's similar to the fading type stuff in that sense. And the idea is that we're going to extinguish one response. We're no longer going to accept a response in that particular contact or we're not going to accept a particular response. And it's a new response that we want. So what happens is that sometimes people get stuck. Just think about that hot cold game, right? Sometimes you get stuck when you were playing hot and cold. And you didn't know what to do, you didn't know where to go. And you just kind of sat there, I don't know what to do. This is frustrating, right? So you're doing that, well, guess what? You've lost variation in behavior. The moment you lose that variation in behavior, you're no longer going to be able to move the person a step forward. Now you're going to have to back things up because if you can't move them forward, you're never going to reach that terminal behavior the one you want. So you're going to have to back things up, right? Back up a step and make that change less large. So if we're doing the marketry stuff again, we started, maybe the person was working with some additional species but never really got on to, we tried to ask for complex patterns and it never worked. So you go back and then try and get them to keep practicing some more. Keep trying some successes and then add another smaller step. Instead of going from a complex, going from basic marketry to complex round stuff like what you see in the picture, you could ask them to do complex straight patterns, right? Maybe that works. And then from the complex straight patterns, you get to the complex round ones.