 Good morning to everyone. I again welcome you to this session on novel approaches to water in FAO and I really welcome my colleagues and my guests to this session as We all know the importance of water resources for development is largely acknowledged But still there is a large scope for integration coordination and Effective planning to help enhancing food security for all Really the definition of coherent approaches for sustainable water management in agriculture that looks into interconnected social economic and the environment remains crucial as Recently reiterated by our FAO director general Integrated water resources management is a global priority in this session. We would like to Look together with you Into our novel Approaches to water FAO novel approaches to water Starting with a keynote presentation by our division director the land and water division Mr. Lee fang Lee giving us an overview of these novel approaches Mr. Lee, please Morning. Thank you very much. My heart. Good morning colleagues It's my heart shared. I think the intention of this session It's really tried to share with you some of the new thinking some of the new ideas and Some of the new initiatives We call it a new FAO journey or FAO new water journey and I will start with a few background slides and they really try to you know, put up those ideas initiatives to you want your Thought and also you want, you know the partners to work with us in the years to come I think for us to work in the water community Everyone understand this in the water is such a Important natural resources that make this new the planet very unique and From social from the environment from economic from all the different perspective and The fundamental rules that the water plays to support laughs It's well understood. I think by this audience. However, it may not be the truth For the different audience even within FAO For me it's for us. It's for us to work on the water issues. It's so easier to understand water is food food is water But I found out or many of us we found out that has been took for granted In fact in FAO, we don't have a many Major major, you know, large initiatives try to prioritize the water in an organization level. Yes, we do lots of projects But at the organization level, we are so much behind to say How agriculture sector can better address the water challenge Together to meet both the water water need for agriculture, but also the other societal needs and On top of that, we already faced the impact of climate change Last year is an extraordinary year That's many places include Europe includes many other major continent facing unprecedented drought Draught in Europe last year. It's a 500 years 500 years of frequency And the other side we see number of the floods Also happening on this continent Madagascar South Africa Pakistan So we failed the impact and certainly according to IPCC report So on the right of that the three major Maps showing regarding the water related disaster The precipitation intensity The last one is the disaster. That's the drought happened and Clearly, we see the increase in the past decade If we look at into the future No matter what scenarios we are using no matter whether we use the scenario of 1.5 degrees increase or 2.0 degrees or 4.0 degrees and all these scenarios certainly we're going to face much much more drought and water scarcity in the future And everybody knows to achieve a 1.5 degree is already very very challenging if it's beyond 1.5 degree the situation will be much much worse than this Meaning that we will receiving we will facing much much more drought much much severe water scarcity in the future So we really have a very short vendor opportunity and the scientists already concluded no if the Temperature in the future cannot be maintained within like a two degrees of scenario over 1.5 degree scenario then our capacity to adapt to the future climate change probably It's It's very limited or In other words, we probably will not be able to adapt it to the future climate change and Agriculture is already one of the largest sector user accounting for more than 70% of the human freshwater with the draw and That's also contributing to water scarcity challenge in many real business basically on this map the radar the worst on The other side after culture sector is also the sector that's a suffered from climate change that's a suffered from the global global temporary increasing because with The more carbon put it into the air basically the global climate Systems have a much more energy. That's it means it's become uncertain scenario in the future and if you look at the demand for agricultural products According to our Focussed by 2050 and basically we need to produce at least the 50% of more of a food fiber biofuels and a feed to meet the demands of the human development and Under different scenarios, for example, if you look at the business at the euro basically Maintain the current level of what is used efficiency and Then if we consider climate change They at least need additionally 29% of freshwater Even neglect above the climate change. We still need 17% If we try to improve the water use efficiency and then we called sustainable model We still need at least 50% of more fresh water To produce 50% of more food fiber biofuels and feed to meet the demand by 2050 So it's challenging It's challenging then within FU. We started to look at such a big picture and through triggered by certainly by the draw to buy the floods happened last year, but also bearing in mind all this forecast and all the increasing demand and We also look at how we add the division in the land of water division could be able to address those issues Through our statistical planning process to see what do we need to do more and what we need to do better Considering that then in October late October last year. We organize the technical briefing for all the members to Understand to bring them on to the same thinking journey to look at the big picture to look at the increasing demand Look at the drivers to the agriculture and water and then come up with the source of solutions That's how FAO can work with all the member countries in the future Followed followed that technical technical briefing in late November we organized a drone water dialogue and Thanks to many of the audience sitting here contributed to that's drone water dialogue then really to present some of the thinking and some of the solutions That's I feel could start to implement and all this thinking will also submitted to the FAO governing bodies of the program committee finance committee and also the council in December through those I feel decision-making bodies and Clearly now water is become a few top priority. That's why we called a new FAO water journey and Along that journey We have a number of programmatic initiatives. That's we want to design develop and Implemented together with the partners with the member countries So that's include for example Even FAO we have the most Comprehensive and the sophisticated statistical information systems. We also have the aqua start The most advanced water data set However, we don't have the information system that to look at the crop level What kinds of requirement for the crops to be more Productive what kinds of soil landed water information? Those resources are needed for the crops So we started to develop a new initiative called Solar vise Basically at any single crop level. We want to know the soil land and water requirement for those crops and this already builds of existing works on the eco on the aqua on the aqua crop and Also build upon the soil information systems as we have already So we're aiming to have this system in three to five years at the global level for any given major crop We can immediately know where those crops are planted What's the growth status and How much yield we can forecast and We can also use the remote sensing information to say look To achieve much better production what kinds of soil land management practice need to be implemented That's one of the initiative the second one we called awesome It's initiative really to focus on water scarcity addressing the water scarcity for agriculture and environment and build upon some of the thinking some of the works of the wassak and And really look at you know from the crop from the water scarcity perspective How we can address the water scarcity challenge? Certainly we build upon the aqua aqua start then look at how we can Strengthen the aqua start but also use of the remote sensing and the GRS new technologies. We already have the WAPA the water productivity initiative That's used the remote sensing data then put them into the GRS system Then be able to understand the soil the land information for the crops then be able to advise the farmers in terms of irrigation practice and Those information could be have been built into the apps so farmers can check the app Understand if they need More water for their crops Understand where those whether the watering required is available to them and Then for them to make a decision Regarding when to irrigate and how much water is needed Certainly to address The water scarcity challenge irrigation is a part of the solution However, if you look at the global investment on irrigation it's stacked since about 2010 The major global international financial institutions stopped major investment in irrigations However, as I said like a drought in Europe this year, it's 500 years of frequency The current rain fat agriculture Probably will not be able to be addressed to cope with The incoming climate change in the future So we really need to look at the irrigation need, but also the irrigation potentials from a new climate perspective So we will run we will launch a global Irrigation need and a potential mapping started with the pilot in six countries and then learned from that pilot and then real loved to a global coverage and Through that mapping we hope that we can provide very Comprehensive but also at first hand information To the invest to the indoor IFIs to the government To support them to make a conscious decision regarding the irrigation need in the future and certainly We will have to look at the continuum of the irrigation from the big irrigation schemes to the supplementary irrigation Arrangement to the rain fat agriculture in the future Probably also heard that's FVU last year. We also Induced by all the members a climate change strategy and This is the first time that's at the coppery level FVU has the climate change strategy and To implement that strategy the core part. It's really about land, soil and water. I Always see water is the other side of the code in terms of climate change on the wine side sure is a temperature But we feel the climate change impact must much more from the water perspective So our FAO's action plan on climate change will really be syntered around water and they're developing action plan at the coppery level and Certainly, we will also need to address the water quality and pollution issues on the wine side agriculture. It's one of the largest polluter in many countries and The pollution load from agriculture already You know overtaking the industries on the other side agriculture also suffered from a poor water quality from pollution and The sector cannot produce safe food We will have to find a way to address water quality challenge and This is a new initiative that we work with the other divisions that's focused on crop production, but also on livestock production Also we from the last year FAO also proposed the idea to support all the countries to develop a national water roadmap and This was the idea came into my mind back at the in March in San Diego during the World Water Forum Realizing that March this year we have the watershed moment you in 2023 water conference after 47 years Realizing that water is as I said is the key natural resources to support the delivery of all the STGs and You name it among all the 17 STGs None of them will be delivered without the water So we will have to bring the water into the broader STG agenda sure achieve STG 6, but also Collectively to achieve STG 6 together with STG 1 STG 2 STG 12 13 15 etc etc But to do so we will have to learn from other sectors One of the key delivery mechanism is really at the national level How can we make sure that the water is so well understood by the national government? And how the national government can really pull together all the different initiatives from different sectors to make sure That's water will be comprehensively used as a simply used because very often we see okay at the national level set No, we have one sector planning even from agriculture sector We also noticed that in the 2021 through the UN food system submit 116 countries developed their pathway towards food security and My colleagues Natalie and a group of the young scientists in the air cell they read through all the food pathways and Then they Identified that only one third of those food pathways really meaningfully mentioned about how water will have to achieve that So the majority of the food pathways basically neglect water completely Who bear in mind that and they propose that we work at the national level work with the national government and Really to strengthen their water planning their water planning to achieve all the STGs as a part of that we also Receive the guidance from Africa Council as we need to seriously look at the water tenure issues Because in many countries in the absence of the water tenure The decision-making it's hard Because we don't know how much water is available who is going to use how much water at what time? So water tenure is the key part of the effective water governance and we're going to learn from of existing initiatives from the existing pilot and We're going to launch a global dialogue on water tenure Have the water planners have the decision makers in the water sector to understand that the Ten year management and I think how to use a tenure to manage these precious resources We already saw the tenure become one of the major governance tool for fisheries for forest So this is really a learning from the other sectors then to use the water tenure to strengthen the governance systems in the future Last but not least all these initiatives is K component that's contributed to RWRM For us in the water community, we know this by heart RWRM, you know has been Implemented at least discussing the water community 20 years But it's not a term that has been fully endorsed adopt in the FAO system In the FAO system in the decision-making bodies. This is not a standard term. That's in the FAO governing bodies. It's it's been used So hopefully through all these initiatives, we will contribute to The RWRM at the global regional and national levels. I think that is my presentation and specifically on water national water road map we want to really encourage countries to Set up, you know a Participatory process to engage with the stakeholders at the national level potentially through a water dialogue They will be able to come out of it with their vision with their you know Objectives regarding what they want to achieve at the national level and we propose this the framework and we will continue to share this you know framework with countries with the partners and also organize some technical workshops to promote it and and before the New York We will also organize a regional workshop for the African country and that will be organized in two weeks time in Haraya in Zimbabwe and Certainly, we hope to you know Provide those technical and the financial resources Available to the countries who want to develop their national water road map and hopefully in New York We could have heard number of the countries their commitment their progress regarding the national water roadmap and then continue to Follow up on that and in New York. We also potentially will organize a Dedicated side event to share the thinking around the national water roadmap and to gain much more support from other agencies and partners I Think that's my Presentation I thank you very much for your attention Thanks very much Living for this overview and To dialogue with colleagues. I would prefer to go there. So I see you all so I change. Thanks again Let's see first The comments the view of the insiders. Let's see the view of my colleagues and Here I invite three of my colleagues It's Patricia Miguel's a technical officer of the Land and Water Division on the role of monitoring in data Mr. Eugene we're around war from the field from the regional office in in Africa and My colleague, of course, you know all shamboroto senior officer from the Land and Water Division Let me start with Patricia Patricia Data and monitoring a footer. We know all how It has a crucial role for the success of what is presented by the director of the new water Journey in FAO also FAO is advancing with digitalization very much. So how would you? Make the connection. How would you see data and monitoring? Contributing to this successful journey for the question Yeah, let me say that data and information Has been since FAO's foundation one of the core functions of of FAO and Indeed is in This mandate of data collection and analysis and dissemination of data is reflected in in the article one of FAO Constitution so FAO has a lot of experience collecting data and Information and and disseminating the information at global level and in the water sector We have been Working on this area For so many years So I think this is part of the FAO's mandate because FAO members understand that data and information is key to to make decisions to design investment programs and and policies to address the challenges of water and if it works mainly on on three major areas related to Data and information the first area is data collection and dissemination And the second area is the development of methods and Methodologies and standards and the third area is provides support to countries Through capacity development and workshops and and trainings So in the first area of Data dissemination and and and collection The director Lee mentioned already Aquastat, which is the FAO's global information system on water and agriculture and Every year through Aquastat we collect and we update Data related to water uses and irrigated area and water availability For around 80 countries and and we disseminate this data through through Aquastat platform Another important role of FAO in Water data is that we are custodian agency for two important indicators 641 on the water use efficiency and 642 on water stress And we are the custodian agencies of these two indicators because As you know, agriculture is the major use user by far of water So the agricultural sector has much to say on how to address these issues of water use efficiency and And water stress so through our mandate of custodian agency we prepare global reports and we bring the message and and we bring Where are the hot areas where we're an international community has to work through the international forums like the high level political forum of the UN Conference that is taking place in in March next year. This is related to the statistical Information, but also as director Lee mentioned we we we work with the new innovative methods so we also develop tools Using Remote sensing data so one example is Vapor which is a open source platform Which provides information near real-time data on on water productivity and we are very excited about this Vapor project because Thanks to the generosity of the government of the Netherlands We are going to launch the third phase of these platform And we will have information for for all all regions and countries so far We have information for Africa and the Middle East, but in this third phase we will cover the whole work and then I Say that we work also on Methodologies and and and a standard as a one example of this work is Together with the international water management Institute. We are working on developing Developing a methodology to assess the environmental flow requirements So we should not forget that the environment is also an important user of water And and it's important for the countries to have a clear idea What are the the needs of the of the environment so? We can ensure the system the sustainability of other users also agriculture We are also working on on gender and data gender is very high in the political agenda But without sex disaggregated data We cannot Establish the right policies so we are also working on with countries to raise awareness on the importance to have gender Disaggregated data And finally another important area of work is capacity development. So we regularly have trainings and and and Workshops with countries to improve their water information systems to use also not only Statistical data, but also remote sensing data or geographical information systems And I have to I have to say that thanks to the To this forum we are going to start to work with the government of K Verde in improving The data collection and also the reporting on these two indicators that I mentioned the water use efficiency and and the water stress So I think that's all from my side. Thank you very much Much Patricia Thanks for connecting the dots when it comes to water monitoring and data Towards the journey the new journey of water in FAO now, let's go to the field Have here my colleague Eugene Rurangua from Raaf from original office in Africa Eugene we heard the overview of the global perspectives But how you see that reflected in the field In other words how you see FAO's normative work Reflected in the field So such a journey Become successful Thank you. Thank you. My air at field level where we are working with Farmers and the pastoralist What they see at field level that's what also ourselves as For our staff see what do we see? for example when I am in West Africa or in the Sahel I see in environment where we have almost two to three Months of rent and the other month nothing so as For our staff as FAO in general, what can we do to to support? Farmers to you know to produce and to make sure that they have food and nutrition security all over the year With three months maximum of rent Which is really something that is tough so Following the program the Corporate program of FAO What we do at field level is to try to Make sure we support Farmers to access Water from the rain this few quantity of rain that is coming from ground water and Those are mainly the three Sources of water that we are using now there is the other source now using West Treated wastewater, but mainly To support using rain water how to do it. It's just to capture that rain capturing rain Two methods of copper capturing it using System We have a program that we call one million systems in the Sahel and we have already Built more than 300 systems. There are two types of such systems There are small system of of 15 to 20 cubic meters for household using and we have also big system of 50 cubic meters that we are using for for irrigation We are also The methods of capturing runoff Improving local methods In West Africa that they call bully and these methods, you know it My hair, I know that you know it it really Capture a lot of quantity of water from 15 cubic meter to 18 even more and the disorder is really Helping for irrigation even for domestic use But more importantly for pastoralist that needs water. It's really very important and Above that or that also we try to to check if that water is safe for for using in agriculture and for also Livestock watering. This is very important. The other source actually is the ground water Which is not yet very well Used in the West Africa and the Sahel. We have a big quantity of water there, but we are now using ground water pumping water using Using Solar Pong so there's this Solar power irrigation system is now developed in in West Africa mainly, but also in the southern Africa All almost in in the dry lands areas in Africa in Africa. This is a technology that really is giving a lot of hope because Farmers they can they can they can cultivate All along the year without you know relying on On Rain only and that this is important and from there we teach them the appropriate method of production using very good seeds To to be able to produce more with with less So practically those are things that we are we are trying to teach them also to From from colleagues from Rome Actually, we are also Giving them technical Technical pamphlet to make sure that they they follow up Very property techniques that has to be to be used apart from there, of course because of the the the the the fact that when it rains we have the the the issue of erosion issue of Flooding you know the the the flooding you are talking about to mainly in our dry land region. It came from really the Compaction of soil when you have had only two three Season of rain and the other other month the soil is just There There is a compaction and when the rain came back There is really a big runoff and and because a flood we are also involved in Supporting communities in other local methods to to to to to just Protect the soil the soil and water conservation methods local methods like Half moon or Zai you have heard about that that help actually to to stabilize soil, but at the sometimes also to improve soil soil humidity so those are techniques that we are trying to to to to To teach our farmers and the pastoralist and and it's bring really fruit Mainly it to help also to solve the issue of conflict You know we have conflict in those region and generally conflicts came from the lack of for of Proper use of resource of lack of resource as such, but when you bring water to communities when you help them to to improve The soil at farm level they are stabilized and and they They have something to do Mainly young people and the women. Thank you Thanks very much Eugene indeed the examples you've given in terms of let's say the systems the techniques at on farm level driven by local knowledge also the innovative ones in terms of the application of solar energy from connecting with the Let's say the new new water in FAO this where we see also what presented by the director as an initiative the awesome Water management one here. We see where the normative work really truly Connects. Thanks so much Eugene Let me turn to our to our last but but close friend and colleague You know all John John I will look into what suck, but I connect with FAO So, let me ask you these questions. We are all we are all here at a wassack forum and We just presented through the presentation of the director our new water That water scarcity is at its core, but what the scarcity is also at the core of wassak Wassak goes beyond the FAO FAO is a member of so how this Relationship can be harmonized that what we present as novel approaches what we present as a new FAO Find their ways to success through this partnership. I know complicated your life, but let's see Thank you my hair. I think first. I'd like to congratulate the partners of wassak When we were here four years ago We were still really Being born now if I look in this room, I see Kate was flown all the way from the Netherlands and We have we are supposed to launch a publication That was produced by Kate and the other colleagues from the Salen agriculture working group on Famous guidelines on Salen agriculture Yesterday we had the workshop on guidelines on pressurized irrigation that Was born from here so the Italian chapter of wassak Decided having seen actually capo verde and the challenges of capo verde They decided to develop these guidelines to assist not only capo verde, but also other countries So in fact so much that it was interesting that the secretary of state Mr. Miguel Damora was sitting here Requested the Italians to run a training specific to the capo verdians and when we workshop this guidelines a few weeks back With the working group on sustainable agriculture what I used the African Union took part in that meeting and they also requested that the same guidelines Also presented to the colleagues from the African Union countries At the end of this session we will launch a wassak framework on financing mechanism This framework Help us to access Finances that are not otherwise accessible through traditional means These three products that I'm mentioning are your work as partners, but we cannot say that It stops there It is one step towards addressing water scarcity in agriculture and it has to continue and tomorrow in the meetings of partner We'll revisit ourselves and see are we doing the right thing? How can we improve? now from FAO perspective First was I was launched in a knowledge meant that we alone cannot do it all and it's proving to be correct Now but does it stop there? I don't think so in FAO We have several initiatives that keep on propping and we need to harmonize We need to harvest them so that we can maximize the synergies. So awesome this Addressing water scarcity in agriculture and the environment It's a what we call a value-aiding impact area That is linked to one of the four betters of our strategic framework better environment and The E at the end of awesome is important. It's about the environment So it is a program that will be developed over the next period of ten years We started now with three activities and you'll understand their relevance The first one is somehow a low-hanging fruit on drought resilience and nutritious crops By the end of 2023 we aim to submit to our management and to our partners for proposals having consultant with countries to develop Drought resilient and nutritious crops that the work is going on already You might be aware that within FAO in the north east Area in the RNA region. We have a water scarcity initiative That's quite a big initiative and we need to establish synergies so that we can in fact have a greater impact We have a similar initiative that is also starting in Southeast America in South and in in Asia and We will establish synergies with those three through the inter regional technical platform or not as Cassidy in agriculture Thirdly Within FAO We have a lot of expertise even in our division for example with the soils group in FAO We work on a silent agriculture But you know that soil hold the potential also of soil moisture retention that can actually contribute in Helping us deal with water scarcity my colleague charity who comes from Ghana in the north of Ghana when you use the Mukuna To actually as a soil as a soil as a soil cover. It does help to protect Soil moisture and actually help you to increase your yield not only by capturing nitrogen but also conserving the the the humidity of your soils I Mentioned water quality has emerged throughout this session as a critical Dimension to follow within FAO. We have that expertise, but we do not link up sufficiently irrigation is key To what we do because as I mean as the director mentioned also this irrigation mapping is going to be very important Because yes, we have aqua stat which is really the world reference Database on agriculture water management information But this new initiative as it was said will focus on Supporting investments so it will be targeted so that when you understand an area its irrigation potential and the specific crop so that you can really do a cost-benefit analysis that ensures that the water dimension of the investment through irrigation will maximize the benefits and Also, we ensure that it is sustainable so That's really the objective of awesome and the other initiative that FAO is undertaking with regard to water scarcity. Thank you Thanks very much. I'm actually synergies as he said maintaining and also actions With immediate impact through the groups. That's very nice example It gave yesterday from the sustainable use Agriculture the Italian chapter of was ag Could provide support to Cape Verde in terms of design of irrigation systems that is Much needed as we heard yesterday. Thanks again. Let me turn my face to you now and Then dialogue with you audience old, but let me start with Outsiders partners. They're outsiders, but they are close to us and I may pose one question General to all then I'll pick up some partners to give us their views So the question how what you heard about the new approaches the new water journey Reach a common goal that both parties of us targeting in There what you see the areas? That would match with your work and last what means can help us to get together There with a success and it gives me a pleasure to invite mr. Abdu li Abdu li Ma'am adoo the executive secretary of sales to deliver his views not only on FAO's work But also on the forum itself Mr. Mamadou Pia a set important rencontre Do you drink alone? he listed the cap ver for organization de cette deuxième session du forum C'est la la pénurie d'eau Vesali le soutien important de la de la FAO pour l'organisation de ce de ce forum Je crois qu'un choisissant de De le cours organisé avec la FAO pour la deuxième fois je crois que le la FAO a vie juste parce que le cap ver et le pays sahilien le plus emblématique Concernant cette problématique de la pénurie de l'eau c'est vrai qu'il ressemble beaucoup aux autres pays sahilien Mais il a sa spécificité qui est également son qu'est son insularité Mpc qui fait sa différence avec les autres pays du du Sahel Pour ceux qui ne connaissent pas le sills le sills et le comité permanent inter est un délit contre la sécheresse dans le Sahel Il fait cette année son cinquantaine donc il a 50 ans aujourd'hui je voudrais dire que ça fait 50 ans que nous mobilisons autour de des questions de lutte contre la désertification contre la sécheresse contre le changement climatique également contre l'insécurité alimentaire in nutritionnel je disais tout à l'heure que le cap verre et le pays emblématique de cette problématique mais nous avons vu hier à travers les différentes présentations que il y a aussi des solutions au cap verre qui se mettent en place il y a aussi des innovations il y a aussi des coalitions d'acteurs autour de la de la gouvernance de l'eau je crois que c'est c'est des signes encourageants tout ce que nous avons vu hier pour vaincre l'adversité Nous sommes là sills je suis pas seul nous en main déléguer une importante délégation pour soutenir le cap verre mais également pour dire que nous sommes là parce que c'est notre rôle parce que c'est le cap verre et membre des sills de voir ce qui se passe ici et de voir l'opportunité de mettre à l'échelle ce qui se passe ici mais également de partager les expériences de des autres pays j'espère que j'espère que pour le prochain forum nous aurons des pays invités de la région pour également partager ces expériences et analyse autour de la question de la la précarité de la pénérie de l'eau dans la dans la région soyons clairs la pénérie d'eau et le défi majeur pour les pays d'issahel la maîtrise de l'eau est importante pour le développement agricole pour le développement tout court de ces pays c'est un facteur limitant pour les pays de la de la région deviennent d'issahel et tout à l'heure les collègues de la FAO l'ont mentionné il n'y a que 3 mois de pluie souvent on n'est pas si avec beaucoup d'incertitude donc il est extrêmement difficile de faire du développement dans ces situations je disais tout à l'heure que nous sommes venus pour soutenir le CAVR nous sommes également venus pour dire notre disponibilité à partager ou à s'associer pour la suite de la mise en place de la construction de ces forums parce que c'est un processus et je pense que le SILS peut jouer un rôle important auprès de la FAO, le CAVR et d'autres pays de cette coalition autour de la de la maîtrise de Loup alors qu'est-ce que le SILS fait dans le domaine nous avons deux dispositifs importants des dispositifs de prévention et des gestions de crise auquel participe d'ailleurs la FAO qui est un partenaire historique important de SILS ces dispositifs qu'on appelle par son nom le SIGL project nous avons d'ailleurs tenu l'année dernière une session de ce project ici à Praia c'est quatre fois de l'année nous faisons le suivi du 1er janvier au 31 décembre de l'évolution de la situation agricole au Sahel et en Afrique de l'Ouest nous faisons également la situation de l'évolution du couvert végétal c'est la région particulière en particulier les écoulements de l'eau parce qu'il faut s'assurer qu'il y a de l'eau parce que ces dispositifs sont associés à R&D qui est celui des prévisions saisonnières nous allons au mois d'avril faire les prévisions saisonnières pour la campagne 2023 et ça c'est des outils d'information pour les décideurs ça nous aide à dire aux responsables des pays de la région que l'année 2023 voilà ce qui est prévu et le risque d'être plus vieux ou moins plus vieux et ça permet également au pays d'élaborer des plans de réponse face à la situation qui est projetée associé à ça et associé que nous appelons le cadre harmonisé auquel participe aussi la FAO qui nous permet de collecter des données également sur la vulnérabilité au niveau de la région et dire aux états voilà les zones à risque cette année il faut faire attention il faut déjà anticiper pour éviter des cris j'écoutais tout à l'heure notre collègue la FAO permet de parler de la collègue des données c'est très important on a de grands problèmes dans les pays parce que j'en ai parlé avec la directrice je me l'ai joint de la FAO la COP 15 on a un problème de capital de plus en plus dans nos pays c'est que nous n'avons plus de gens capables de collecter les données il faut renforcer les capacités des pays à collecter les données le deuxième justement le deuxième axe d'intervention c'est le renforcement des capacités diplomantes mais également les formations sur le coût du reste mais également les équipements quand je disais tout à l'heure il faut bien qu'il y ait des stations d'un tout pays nous l'avons fait ici nous le faisons au CAVER nous avons soutenu le CAVER dans le cadre du programme régionale solaire qui était un programme pionnier d'année ensuite nous avons également des outils de formation parce que nous avons des bases de données en particulier hydrologique et également agro-meteurologique c'est l'ensemble de la région qui sont accessibles aux chercheurs aux étudiants comme nous sommes à l'université ici je pense que c'est aussi un outil très important pour les étudiants enfin notre quatrième axe d'intervention c'est également aider les communautés locales à mieux gérer le stress hydrique la résilience à construire une résilience hydrique et à ces titres nous coordonnons un certain nombre de projets au niveau de la région surfinancement de la Banque mondiale et de la Banque africaine de développement pour développer des solutions comme ça c'est un axe important qui pourrait être versé dans les prochaines forums du Poison parce que ça nous permet de comparer les solutions développées sur le continent quelle est l'ère opérationnalité dans les contextes par exemple du cap vert donc nous travaillons sur ces questions mais également la construction des infrastructures de ritenis d'eau pour permettre aux populations de rester sur place on parlerait tout à l'heure d'immigration l'absence de perspective quand il ne plaît pas quand il n'a pas plu les paysans ne peuvent pas rester parce qu'il n'y a pas de vie donc j'apprécie notamment l'initiative de la FAO et ce nouveau ce nouveau objectif avec cette faite de route très importante pour construire des dialogues pour également mettre en place des politiques et des instruments et des stratégies pour faire face à la précarité et à la pénurie de l'eau Merci beaucoup Monsieur Mohamedou, you mentioned of cells definitely matching what presented earlier by us and our way forward from the UN agencies and partners let me invite Mr Robert Stfansky from WMO a close partner to us really to tell us what he heard and what can be done more together after what we heard please Bob Thank you Mahir and colleagues the world meteorological organization and FAO have a long tradition we started our first MOU I think in 1952 and in fact Dr Lee and I just had a meeting last week on redoing the another five year work plan MOU between our two organizations so it's very fruitful specifically to the water issues as some of you may know WMO it represents the national meteorological and hydrological services of 193 countries around the world so the hydrological data is very important and we will work together with FAO on this again that's part of I think the MOU we have I think five areas of cooperation and definitely with all the programs sharing data is one of the major ones and we talked about that last week during our federal discussions specifically Mahir and I talked probably once a week on drought issues so it's a very very close collaboration we need to maybe work better on some of the water data and I think for the UN agencies our main role is reaching out to the members and make sure they can do a better job providing services FAO is to the agricultural sector for WMO it's allowing the national meteorological centers and services provide better weather and climate to agriculture so again we collaborate on ag meteorology on drought and of course on water issues and so we have about four or five connections to FAO and the land and water division is one of the major ones so we will continue that collaboration also in the context of WASAG making sure that enough data is available as well and sharing data across all these different platforms and just to add as we go farther into some of the water issues this is the point of this talk we do have something in WMO called the Water and Climate Coalition and we do have what we call Regional Climate Centers and we're trying to develop regional hydrological centers so again on the hydrological water sphere we will be doing more data collecting and one of our roles with our services is better forecasting so definitely on the weather scale one hour to one week on the climate scale one week to three months to a decade and then on the climate change scales as well but also at a seasonal level especially we talked about sills with the Agromet Center they are a WMO certified Regional Climate Center they do climate forecast for the next three months and also do a hydrological forecast for all the river basins so we definitely have a lot of work between us and we collaborate like I said almost on a weekly basis and that will continue and just to plug a later event you know this afternoon we'll talk about how we're working on drought and what we've done in the past ten years and then what we can do the next ten years on drought policy with all the partners and I just want to conclude it is a partnership I think with FAO UNCCD, WMO and many many other partners this is how we can help members do a better job providing services to their citizens so I think the collaboration will continue we have very specific areas of collaboration but it's welcome to work more on the water issues and I'll go back to Geneva and talk to my hydrological colleagues as well and make sure we can strengthen those connections so again, job well done and thank you for the opportunity to congratulate you thank you thanks so much Bob data drought, continuously work new ideas, regional centers for hydrology climate change, very interesting let's hear the voice of IOM and let me invite Ms Hind from IOM and how our work can curb down migration thank you very much Mahir can you hear me well so first of all thanks for having IOM that's the second Wazak forum I'm attending and I would just like to let you know that since 2019 thanks to this first invitation we've been collaborating and also progressing on the front of human mobility which encompasses displacement and migration and human mobility in the context of climate change so I would just like to thank you again and congratulate you because this platform gives us the opportunity to discuss and also to build a common narrative over human mobility over migration in the context of climate change which of course in which of course water is taking an important place should it be water scarcity but extreme events and other related water related events so we are I mean thanks to this the first Wazak forum we've met the colleagues from the government of Senegal the government of Senegal and also we've coordinated the action group on water and migration with the same partners DWP, FAO other partners the Italian cooperation too so we've collaborated for three years preparing the World Water Forum and thanks to this collaboration so we were in the core discussions of the World Water Forum it's important to be in the core discussions over agriculture, water that human mobility is really part of the core discussions and then side discussions so I think it's a very important step and then we've collaborated to formulate policy recommendations on migration and water in the context of climate change and also specifically in the context of rural development which was one of the pillars that were prioritized by the government of Senegal and then now we're working to implement policy recommendations for the UN Water Forum but also for COP28 so yeah maybe I might enter into the details of these policy recommendations in the technical session but I just wanted to stress that collaboration is extremely important that also building this common narrative can support us in having an open mind regarding migration migration in the context of climate change and water is not about designing developing solutions for people to stay which are very important but also solutions for people to move and solutions for people on the move and extremely important also to consider migration not as a problem to solve but also as a reality that we need to all manage in a whole of government approach so I will enter much more into details during the technical sessions but I just would like to I mean I was inspired by the conversation we had with the colleagues of UNCCD this morning and breakfast I think that it's important that we design also together solutions that do not oppose the social and human rights of migrants I mean agriculture is also about migration because not only I mean the farmers addressing the root causes of migration but there are a lot of labour migrants in agriculture including in the region I cover western central Africa and I think it's important that we do consider the farmers as important actors private sector actors and also like employers of labour migrants and that we do create solutions and design solutions that do not oppose the social and human rights of labour migrants and the environmental rights of the host communities so thanks again for having me and looking forward to all the discussions we might have within the technical sessions and on the marge of the event thank you very much thanks so much and indeed migration is a problem to solve but migration is a reality the connection with the agriculture the farmers at the core of water and migration is a topic of interest for us my colleague Patricia knows also more about that work to be previously on it let me invite research and let me invite Mr. Peter McConnick from the Doughty Water for Food Institute Peter thank you and do you see anything new to tell us and to connect with the institute on your side hello, yes, thank you what do I see in you and what I'm excited about is this doubling down on water within FEO and that's great to build on all the great tools and expertise you have that's really the leadership that I'm very encouraged to see I'm from the Doughty Water for Food Global Institute at the University of Nebraska Global, we are actually tasked to be engaged internationally and one of the challenges of that being an institute based at a university is we really must have very strong partnerships and working partnerships and FEO has been a very good partner in our journey and certainly many of the partners in this room that came from WASAG and have been involved in WASAG since the beginning have really been very close and for others in WASAG as we were talking about this I was reflecting on the original workshop where WASAG was conceived and that was in Rome I get confused between it was it 2016 or 17 I'm not my memory isn't that good but there interestingly the most well attended breakout session for a topic was drought it was oversubscribed by the people in the room there's lots of people interested it always struck me as a drought was the sort of competing tools that everybody had everybody was developing a drought early warning system I think just for as an external observer although Mark Savoda from the National Drought Mitigation Centre at Nebraska is in that working group what has really happened there I see that working group has made really fantastic progress it's really been helping to bring focus into the drought process and I see that as very encouraging one of the things that didn't make it up into the final movie from WASAG was water quality which was a significant annoyance to me because I see this as one of the major externalities of agriculture and water and it's one that I worry about even more than the overdraft of groundwater it's certainly one that I see that's really important so I'm really pleased to see that emphasised in your list of areas to work on I hadn't quite realised the internal implications within FEO and working across those boundaries so yes, we're very much supported on that what I would like to make and I feel that this is, you really are emphasising in many of the key areas I would like to, the other thing in our institute is in our mission we impact is emphasised and in the United States we've got a very effective extension system in Nebraska that's pretty straightforward how we go to impact but in different contexts it is very challenging and I think as we hear about these information tools the progress perhaps in the drought area these things that you were mentioning WAPOR and these tools how do we get that into the hands of the decision makers and ultimately the farmers because I think that the information we have it has to be it has to change a management decision and part of the issue we tend to go to this case where we look at an app well a farmer in Nebraska scolded me once he pulled up his iPhone and he showed me his iPhone with 30 apps of all the different decisions he has to make around fertiliser, water, crops irrigation and everything he said give me one more app and I'll throw you off the farm it's basically how do you integrate this into the decision making of the farmers reality it's a really tough reality they have in terms of all those decisions and the last thing they're worrying about or want to worry about is water so how do we integrate that into the decision making it may be an app at the farm level it may be an app for extension service, information for NGOs and I know FAO is very good at that Eugene was talking about these examples in West Africa but these are some of the areas how do we work on that so we always it's as we're on this journey to water you know where is the bus and basically it's to the farmers really changing those and creating those opportunities for those farmers the other piece of that I think that's important is to continue to learn from what works and what doesn't work and that's a contextual reality that we have to work on so it's what are the principles we need to apply what works, drip is it these small buns or half-moon systems in West Africa or elsewhere I think again that's to come up with the principles that work and what doesn't work and we're all familiar with them but we tend to reinvent the wheel and how can we learn from our neighbors and from our neighboring countries and they're putting and again I'm talking to the converted here in terms of farmers this needs to be farmer centric in terms of really understanding the realities of the farmers and especially the women and the youth so getting to the migration issue really creating intriguing or interesting jobs in the in the value chain on the farm and in the value chain for the youth the women and improving the situation with migration but also the local economy basically viable business models in those contexts and finally one of the reasons I was stressing farmer centric one of the issues I struggled with over my career is how to be really constructive in the institutional piece because ultimately in the rural areas it's the rural communities and particularly the farmers that are the stewards of the land and stewards of the water resources so how do we manage we need to get the farmers involved in the discussion about how they manage the water resources and that's at the farm in the communities but quite honestly get the farmers involved all the way to the UN because when I talk to farmers they're pretty frustrated by this top down process so that's my key points at the moment with that again congratulations thank you for your partnership and your support and congratulations to Cape Verde on a very fantastic event thank you thanks very much Peter I like the perception decision making you put it on farmer side we always keep decision making at those who decides on top so that's a very good point where the bus is going from how EMI would collaborate with FAO in this novel approach may I ask Charity to tell us few words about that I think I have to come up a bit yes thank you so much Mr. Moderator and let me use the opportunity to say congratulations to FAO and to WASA so I think for us from EMI we see FAO as the husband because we have had a very long history of collaboration so it's a relationship of marriage you have the husband we are the wife and so we are very happy that we go on this new water journey with you I think that we've collaborated a lot for example on the WAPO we worked a lot with FAO also on irrigation infrastructure we've done a lot of work working also with capacity building on water user associations there are so many areas that we've already collaborated in the old marriage I should say and so for now for us we are so excited we want to travel with you on this new journey we want to collaborate we collaborate coming with a lot of skills we have a lot of data sets also we have a lot of decision making tools both at the upper level high level decision tools around issues of governance, policy making like early warning early action early finance decision tools we also have a lot of tools around nature based solutions which I think it's something that we need to focus on going forward we have a lot of platform set up at the regional levels so IMI works globally in about 15 countries but then within the regions we have already set up policy dialogues and this is something that we can collaborate on and you can use such already existing platforms for the dialogues that you want to engage in this new journey so for us I think that we are very very ready in fact our luggage is packed we are very ready to go on this journey in terms of the collaboration I would want to see more in this new journey is how do we ensure coherence within the water issues so water scarcity but water scarcity is also linked to issues of land issues of energy issues of food and at the policy level most times these sectors they are working in silos but now as we move on this journey how do we ensure that we bridge those gaps and there is proper coherence and we can really impact society so we are ready as I have said we want to come along with you we want to continue the strong collaboration the strong marriage we want to ensure that we bring on board transformative water solutions that will address water scarcity but also all the other things that are linked to water scarcity so once again congratulations and thank you so much for the opportunity to continue our collaboration with you thank you thanks so much charity ICID is a professional organization or representing professional organizations let me invite Mr. Marco Aceri for a very quick let's say view on how ICID can contribute to this novel approach thank you thank you and thank you FAO and director general and Capo Verde for this excellently organized workshop this is our second workshop on the water scarcity we were here from the very beginning actually ICID is from the very beginning in Wassack as we proud to say one of the founding institutions there's many fields that ICID can contribute first of all we have been established in 1951 and FAO was established in 1950 so we have a common path long in time and we are based in more than 100 counties all over the world we have national committees and most of the officers who belong to this the national committees are inside ministry of agriculture ministry of water resources environment so one of the major contributions that ICID surely brings and can bring even in the future is to guarantee this advocacy level especially this is very important not at the only not solely at the political level but at the administrative level because politicians as you know come and go but if you have strong connections within the ministries then you can guarantee your activities and you can guarantee this advocacy level second thing we have many working groups mainly I could say and we have here the chair which is the former ICID president Felix ICID exactly has the same structure as we have many working groups so if I could express my personal opinion I think that one of the aspects it was very interesting to follow the presentation of Dr. Leifek Lee I think one of the aspects which should also be focusing on for the future is irrigation scheduling because there is a lot of water that is lost every day all over the world because farmers are not really skilled or you know they just consider this like a secondary aspect so this is one of the again one of the areas where ICID can greatly I think can greatly contribute third and last but not least is capacity building and training we have I could say more than 5,000 young professionals who are participating every year sometimes twice a year to our training workshops we have working groups on this run by ICID officers so again this is another area that ICID can greatly contribute for the milestones that we are sharing together with FAO let me conclude we are in Capo Verde we are in Africa with this probably most of you know this saying and this is the spirit that we are sharing along with FAO in Africa they say if you want to go fast you can go by yourself but if you want to go far you have to work together so this is what we feel should be the spirit and we are very proud, honored to be collaborating with FAO as a direct partner here now and for the future thank you thank you so much Marco last but not least actually let me invite Miss Mariat Kahen Verhof to share how gender can contribute to the sustainability of the FAO's novel approach on water thank you very much I remember the first meeting we had in Rome when the idea of Wasek started and really really pleased that we got so far and that we now are even contemplating the next step and how to continue further and not in the least that you managed to get water on the topic list of the FAO because in the beginning that was not really the case yet so thank you for that I'm very pleased to be here this afternoon together with Peter and others we're going to have a session also on how to implement and reduced inequality also inequality in the agricultural sector but in the full water sector I think that is important I mean there are many many women farmers not only women smallholder farmers but women farmers that specifically in Africa 70-80% are women and they have to be heard and they have to know that they are really thought of Mr. Dr. Le Fang talked about implementing policies and practices in the next and cooperate with nations I also think that it shouldn't only be national it should trigger down to the local areas as well because there is a gap between policies and practice and between practicing and preaching so and this is not only in the agricultural world this is everywhere so and really to achieve in a change I think for the the women side and not only the women also the youth it is very important to involve them involve women and youth in action in discussion and that includes the design the decision making maybe the financing of projects we already talked yesterday about the the data there are a lot of data but there isn't it that we have to collect and analyze sex desegregated data and isn't it time to use citizen science and citizens data I think national and local I think that would be really good of course it was already said that teach people women youth indigenous people and technicians to multiple use and reuse of water so there are a lot and we'll continue later later this after actually I think it's after this session to organize vocational training these women and the people who work there so I think a gender balanced organization an agenda balanced event and meetings is one of the good starts thank you very much thanks so much Mariet a bit running late but turning my face to you again for any burning question or comment to a FAO's team on what you heard about the journey I see a hand there one there and lost there please we start with the orange shirt there inky or orange oh good morning I'm gonna speak in English because I'm a Cape Verdean American and because I've been speaking in Portuguese in Creole for three months but I'm not being heard well it's not really a question that I want to ask especially for FAO and all the participants that have been here since yesterday is just at the end why I'm a little drop in the ocean I'm very humble here to speak I I ask for forgiveness I'm not an engineer, I'm not a gratonomy I'm not a minister I'm not a politician I'm just a Cape Verdean that loves my country I study in Arizona and during the pandemic I was thinking what could I do and I was inspired from JFK what can I do to my country instead of asking from it so I found out the newest I believe one of the newest agriculture techniques in the world which is called aeroponic and has to do with everything I've been hurting here every little subject and I took the courage two years ago and I fought the war because nobody wanted to invest in it but just to say it's an agriculture that uses less 90 to 95% less water uses 90% less soil the crops grows three times faster the energy level is so low I have a little solar panel I made a farm I've been a farm for three months already harvests four times before I came here this morning I just went there pick up vegetables and I distributed I just want to help but I'm not seeing almost any interest from I've been I heard here yesterday collaboration private and institutional I heard here at the university that here is knowledge they have a gratonomy major here how can you don't teach the newest and I invited everybody to go to the inauguration the only public person that went was the American ambassador all the ministries all the mayors everybody and it's open to anybody and the first place I went was FAO before I started because I needed some finance but they said they cannot help a private person then I went to the ministry but I thought I got it so I invite you this is the solution for water soil, energy my farm is at the coast yesterday I went to the sanality so you don't have to worry because it doesn't touch the soil you can put it anywhere, it can be urban or rural anywhere here at this university we can plant food that can Cape Verde can all fit and the most it's approved by FDA and USDA it has 35 to 60% more nutrition value than the ones on the ground so I just ask why nobody wants it, I just wanted to know it thank you I'm sorry I took so much time but believe me I'm so frustrated and sad because I want to help and people don't want to be helped I just want to contribute if it can help FAO because it's so easy to do and less water it only uses one to two gallons for 36 plants so thank you I'm sorry so much I don't think you need to be frustrated I was told that that your invitation being accepted and I think with pleasure that the forum will be visiting your farm during the field visit on Friday so that's what I was told we can get another question and a very last one because we're running out of time please lady there hello, my name is Maria Madialo and I come from Belgium and I have Kenyan roots from Guinea-Coracri so I had a question related to youth actually so we know that young people are quite engaged and also vocal in the fight against climate change but I think there is a question we should reflect on it's how to how can we get the youth interested so how can we get youth interested in agriculture this was already mentioned but I think the discussion should go further on how to promote youth and also youth organization engagement but also employment in agricultural value change so I think that each of us especially the different organizations should have a strategy on how to ensure that young people have their place as agent of change but also how they can get to see agriculture as a potential and attractive option thank you thanks so much very interesting we'll leave it for the final response hi my name is Vinay Nangia I direct the soil water agronomy program at Ikharda Ikharda is one of the CGI centers specializing in dry land agriculture I was very pleased to see the list of bullet points and the direction that FAO is planning to take it sounds very aligned with the changing times and emerging issues what I thought was missing was everything was tailored towards managing and improving efficiencies so it was the demand side of things it was not looking at the supply side how can we increase the water supply there's so much of emerging stuff happening with treated wastewater desalination rainwater harvesting fog harvesting all kinds of stuff that can also be incorporated maybe it's embedded somewhere but it will be good to even look at the supply sides of things especially coming from dry land agriculture it really interests us a lot thanks so much my response is reaching is terminal Peter so I would leave now I would invite Mr livingly to provide some responses to what has hurt a bit of challenge but also my colleagues can contribute thanks thank you very much Mahara colleagues for your excellent reflection and advice how we move ahead along the new FAE water journey and also certainly appreciate your questions and how to engage with the youth how to look at the supply side as well and even within wasaac in fact we have a wise chair the way is really the representative from the youth so we try to create this opportunity to engage with the youth to solve the challenges I remember when I was a small kid one of the reason I was studying very hard in the school is leave the village I don't want to stay the village to do the same farming as my parents had been doing but essentially it's not easy for the young generation because once you get education there are so many other increase to provide the opportunities to encourage the youth to develop their professional agriculture and the young water. And I cannot remember the statistics, but there's a huge gap in terms of the need for young water professionals in continent like Africa. And then there's a huge gap if we look at how many students are majoring in agriculture or in water issues on this continent. That's a huge gap. So we will have to look at how we as organization, how we as individuals, how we as institutions may never as possible to create these opportunities to engage with the youth, to bring them on board. And since I joined my division, I always try to find opportunities to have the conversations, bring the youth team together and then provide the opportunities for them to grow their career and then have other opportunities in terms of coaching, mentoring and learning so that they can grow up faster and they become much more matured professionals and hopefully leaders, thought leaders in the future. And we do appreciate that we are open to that question and we welcome any ideas that we can have you to support the youth to be involved in all these dialogues and processes. Certainly on the demand side of the water, yes, it's true. It's true in FAO if you noted our strategic framework and which is really advocate that we need agriculture sector, agri-food sector to be transformed into a more efficient, inclusive, resilient and sustainable agri-food system in the future. Certainly we put lots of effort on efficiency because from natural resources perspective, we believe there's a huge space that we can do much, much better. As the gentleman mentioned, how we can use the precious resources to really to improve efficiency. But certainly we will have to, as you said, we have to look at the supply side. That's one of the reasons that we will look at the irrigation needs and the potentials. That's also one of the reasons that we encourage countries to develop their national water plants or national water roadmaps because that will address the big question regarding how water will be allocated in the future to meet the need of agriculture sector but also the other sectors. And certainly the need for agriculture, we cannot compete with the need for drinking, for example. So if you have the same amount of water as a decision maker, certainly you will first allocate that water to meet the social need, yeah? So that's why we need to really look at the big picture and through a number of the initiatives that we can contribute to ensure that the sustainable water allocation or sustainable water reallocation is happening from both national level policy settings but also from the basin plannings, from the municipality levels to connect all the water management levels that ensure that this sustainable water allocation will be achieved. So that's where we'll simply address both the supply side but also the demand side. I think we heard very, very good feedback from all of the partners. Thank you very much again. And we are very excited to start this journey and we really look forward to work with all of you so that we can really deliver impact on the ground and that's contribute to a smooth but also impactful FAO water journey. Now thank you, thank you very much. I think we should give a hand to all the speakers and panelists. Thank you. Just before I make, I'll make some household announcements. So we'll only reconvene here tomorrow afternoon for the closing session. As of now, we go on the other side where all the other meetings will take place. The one meeting where we're going to have a soft launch of the FAMAS guidelines is not gonna take place. We will announce whether it takes place tomorrow because there is room tomorrow. We have got one side event but we can have more there. We'll decide there's something that has happened that does not allow us to launch it or to hold that side event. I would like to introduce to you, I mentioned that the WASAC partners work in the spirit of WASAC. They work for free. You'll see the logo of FAO there. You'll see the logo of Climate Kick. You'll see the logo of EFAD. You'll see the logo of the World Bank. You'll see the logo of OECD. They have worked for a number of years to produce this framework for unlocking finance for water and agriculture. Volume one, I invite you to read it. It's featured on our website. And then volume two will come with case studies mostly by the World Bank but also by EFAD to demonstrate how we can easily access to finance in this evolving world. The working group on Salon Agriculture was to launch their publication. It might still happen tomorrow, the soft launch but it's also volume one and volume two will be also on case studies. So you can see that gradually we are giving a meaning to our existence as WASAC partners. With that, I think I invite you for tea and then let's aim to start at 11. I know that it's already 13 minutes. Yesterday, those who were participating from Zoom were a bit annoyed because we were late. So maybe we can give ourselves really a bit of discipline. We drink the tea quickly and then we go to our rooms. Thank you. The post-exhibition is tomorrow. Is it today? No, so on the program is tomorrow. Now, yeah. If it's now, I'll just invite you to, it's on this side. In fact, you can go through there but it's there permanently. You can go there now and then throughout tomorrow you can still visit it and then we'll put them also on our website so that you can visit those posters after the forum. Thank you.