 DIR formats, DIR students, in the last class we were discussing on the case studies especially for rise in respect of crop management. One was on the management of nursery when it was sown with 1 day old. The other case study was receipt of rain more than 150 millimetre in 6 rainy days especially at the stage of tailoring stage of the price crop. Where I was saying that if you go for agro advisory adaptation then crop production risk gets reduced. Now for today's discussion we will see how the weather based crop production on pristine disease management, how agro advisory helps us to minimize the risk due to pristine disease especially in rise. Normally based on the scientific literature the yield loss due to pristine disease in rise goes up to 30%. Let us see through case study also. Now here the case study is agro advisory for blast rise disease as well as Helmandasporium live disease. How it is being managed? Now we are able to say that prevention is always better than cure. Normally pristine disease are triggered by environment and within the environment the weather is the important factor that influences the incidence of disease and pest population in rise. Now the weather situation is anticipating high relative humidity 40 to 90% combined with minimum temperature less than 20 degree centigrade. At what stage of the rise crop this weather situation occurs? That is the question which is at maximum tailoring as well as at panicle initiation stage. The weather situation in high relative humidity from 40 to 90% and minimum temperature is lower lesser than 20 degree centigrade it occurs at maximum tailoring as well as panicle initiation stage. So the stages tailoring stage and the panicle initiation stages of the rise or sensitivity of the rise crop stages to the prevalent weather situation. So they have estimated that based on the previous study 30% loss would occur if prevention is not taken based on the observation made on the weather. So what would be the proposed aggro advisory for this situation? So go for timely plant production measures that is go for application of systemic aphongocytes. So this is the way we have to do it but against this at present what farmer they do is they go to the your input dealers especially the people who sells the fertilizers and pesticides he gives something recommend something for his profit and farmer goes with confidence that that will give protection to the aggro but does not happen. So what our suggestion is let the farmer after seeing the weather situation after seeing the crop stages let them move to the extension specialist or some agricultural institution like KVK contact the officials and get the prescription and do the prevention against the occurrence of the disease. This is earlier to the occurrence of the disease the aggro investment advisory proposes to take prevent the actions. Now let us move to another example. This is the example for tick or leaves pot in ground at it may be early leaves pot or it may be late leaves pot. What is the weather situation that it regards this disease in ground at anticipating high evening relative humidity this is not evenly evening relative humidity more than 60 percent for a week continuously for 7 days and high leaf wetness this provide a congenial environment for the leaf the disease force to get germinated and comes to the level of damaging the crop. The the stratification of the crop is peak vegetative stage at this stage in the ground leaves are very thicker greener and it attracts it stores more carbohydrates or starch or photosynthetic material that is why with the triggering of the weather elements this disease comes to the ground at. Here based on the sensitivity of this crop to this weather situation they studied that the yield loss may go up to 40 percent if the disease is not controlled after seeing the weather forecast and the information at the peak vegetative stage if the plant protection is not taken there will be yield loss up to 40 percent. So the proposed agro advisory would be adopted timely plant protection measures this is very very important area to be understood as a indicated for rice people go food to your local dealers and get some medicine and spray to their crop that may not to protect their crop they can meet the expenses specialist or some KVK meet the people go with the sample plant samples so to them they will suggest some effective chemicals that can be sprayed in advance after seeing the weather situation. According to the third one for rice we say BP has a brown plant hopper very very worst insects normally this insect appears during delivering stage of the rice crop when there is a cloudy environment may be due to cyclone or may be due to some environmental pollution cloudy environment would persist during the rice growing season especially at the peak delivering stage the brown plant hopper at the time will come and stay at the base of the rice crop they multiply in large suck the shape of the rice crop and do the damage whatever they like the result is the yield loss. So based on the sensitivity of the crop stage to this weather situation weather situation is cloud cover more than 6 octa in our earlier classes we were seeing that the cloud cover is being measured in scale from 0 to 8 octa now today it is 6 octa so at this situation what will happen the brown plant hopper gets multiplied stay inside the plant that is you are within the plant bottom of the tiller they suck the shape and causes damage the advisory is timely plant production and also giving your drainage so that in the water may not provide a congenial atmosphere to the insect which stays at the base of the bottom of the plant. So in the farmers normally they never mind for this incident because it may not be accurately seen from the upper side of the plant it could be seen only in the bottom whenever you go inside the field you can able to see the insect flying across so you have to take enough plant production measures for that provided drainage and also meet our agricultural specialist or go to KVK with a sample show to them get prescription and control the insect in advance. So these are the few examples I like to focus on the case study of management of your insect and pest here the study was taken between two group of farmers one is a farmers who adopted another one is farmers who did not adopt the economics analysis will be discussed at my later classes thank you very much.