 Hi everyone, this is Jason here from Nathaniel. In this lesson, we are going to have an interval rundown I'm going to show you how you can remember all these intervals and apply them melodically and harmonically to the best of our abilities and most of what I tell you today will be on the theoretical side Because I've done a lot of lessons on the ear training side on how you can hear these sounds easily So to complement this lesson It's also good to check out the ear training lessons on intervals Which are linked in the description and found on our YouTube channel as well We've put playlists and for better organization. You can go to Nathaniel school comm you can go to free tutorials So when you click on that, there's also category called intervals So you can learn about these subjects by just clicking on them So what you need in this lesson is basically a paper notebook pen Your piano keyboard and that's pretty much it Let's get cracking before we do hit that subscribe if possible give our video a like share And you could also turn on that bell icon for regular notifications So if you take any root so an interval will always have a root or a reference point So let's say if it's C The first interval or intervals which you would need to remember are the fifths and the fourths now to remember them You have the circle of fifths. Just go fully down Clockwise and you get your perfect fifths C to the G G to the D D to the A A to the E E to the B B to the F sharp watch out there F sharp to the C sharp or D flat D flat to A flat A flat to E flat E flat to B flat B flat to F Back to C a trick for piano perspective would be If you take B flat to F It's black note to white note if you take B to F sharp It's white note to black note the rest of the fifths are all going to be white to white or black to black Okay, so there's fifths and now we look at fourths. So with respect to fourths C F F B flat B flat E flat E flat A flat like that. So you're essentially going down the circle counterclockwise if you will so Clockwise circle you get perfect fifths counterclockwise circle you get perfect fourth So these are the most important intervals in music You're going to build almost all your chords and scales melodies Using the fifths and the fourths you have to learn them even for progressions and a lot of activities in this field Coming to thirds thirds is the next foremost very very important thing to learn You have two kinds of thirds the major third The minor third now there are many ways of kind of learning them or feeling them naturally One is if you know the major scale and the minor scale This is the third degree of those scales. So in the major scale The third is the major third in the minor scale The third degree is the minor third Now that's that's one way of doing it But there are a couple of other tricks, which you could also consider one is a third or a major third Will be two tones apart or four steps from in from the roots is one two three four So four steps from C one Two three four Four steps from anywhere is a major third. Okay while Three steps from anywhere is a minor third So fifths you need the circular fifths fourths you need the circular fifth Thirds also you could look at from the circular fifths by going you know from the root You you count clockwise or counterclockwise, but then you will be skipping a lot So thirds are just something you need to just feel you need to get it somehow because they are again Very very important intervals another way to get the third is through the triad So if you take a major chord The in-between note is the major third Take a minor chord The in-between note is our minor third major minor There we go Okay. Yeah, so remember your thirds major and minor So five four and the threes you have to really get it down Into your system circular fifths memory practice scales whatever tool Regarding the other intervals which are which which are also important Let me try and help you out from there the way. I like to look at them is let's find all the other Intervals with respect to what we learned just now, which is the fifths the fourths the thirds Okay, so if you're trying to build let's start with the seventh The seventh is a very important interval for chords, especially the bigger chords like the extensions the seventh chords and so on so If you if you want to build a seventh from let's say C a Good way to visualize it is first of all there are two sevenths. There's the major seventh and There's the minor seventh Now to get yourself a major seventh you just go octave minus one Okay, octave C minus one which is B Minus seventh also called as dominant seventh will be octave minus Two so major seventh Minus Now where does this style of learning it help if you're let's say playing a C major chord you're playing it this way and You want to build a major seventh from there. So just ask yourself. Okay, major seventh is a major chord Plus a major seventh interval which is That That's it now the advantage of this format will be okay Let's take a dominant seventh a dominant seventh chord is nothing but major plus a flat seven Now if you were on an inversion Like EG C and you still wanted to make this chord into a seventh chord Just knowing that I'm on C major and now I want to make it a dominant seventh chord So to make it a dominant seventh. What do we do we? Add a B flat so wherever the B flat is closest whichever finger is free or available You just play that There we go Now if you're here Which is the second inversion of C major triad Ask yourself. How do I make it a dominant seven C seventh will be C major plus B flat where is the B flat closest here? We go Similarly, if I'm in my root position my B flat could be below the C. I Need a free finger of course Or it could be above the triad Just there right so when you visualize intervals this way by saying, okay, what is a dominant seventh? What is a minus seventh? It's octave or root minus two. What is a major seventh? It's root minus one slowly But surely you get it more and more into your system rather than trying to mug this stuff up Which takes a long long time this way you get to form it some way and then use it immediately So try to use it to form these chords if you're trying to form a major seventh interval try to do it within a major seventh chord major With the major seventh or take a minor chord and then play a major seventh You've got yourself a minor major seventh or you could take a major chord Get a dominant seventh take a minor chord minor seventh So just like that I've got I've got you major seventh minor major seventh dominant seventh Minor seventh you can go forward and go to a lot more sounds along that line Right, so that's about the seventh major and minor seventh major is octave minus one minor is Octave minus two or root minus one root minus two seventh is over guys So now let's look at the sixth the sixth can be visualized With respect to the fifth now if you if you call this note out This is a right A is called as the major sixth For the most part how do I remember a major sixth? It's the fifth Plus two That's your major six which is the fifth plus two Okay, and this major sixth even works with a minor chord We call it a minor sixth. So minor sixth chord is nothing but a minor chord plus a major sixth Okay, we don't call it minor major sixth. It's just minor six. So minor major sixth major Major sixth. Okay. Now you could also do a minor sixth embellishment you could do How do I get a minor sixth interval from C? It is fifth Plus one Now you could call a minor sixth also as an augmented fifth augmented means raising or sharpening Going higher by one minor sixth means going lower by one. So the major sixth a going down by one becomes minor The perfect fifth going up by one becomes An augmented fifth. So whatever you call it a minor sixth and an augmented fifth are the same tone But we call them differently depending on the context like for the most part an augmented fifth Will replace the normal fifth That's why we are removing the fifth the perfect fifth calling it augmented while a minor sixth is telling us that there is No major sixth in the sound. Okay. So that's how you remember your sixth major sixth perfect five plus two minor six Perfect five plus one. Okay, and one more thing to note a major sixth Is also called a diminished seventh now a diminished interval can get slightly tricky because we have to double flatten a Major or flatten a minor. So if you understand it that way This is a major seventh I flatten that once to get a minor seventh Flatten that again to get a diminished seventh, but a diminished seventh is better felt when you support it with a diminished triad Now that's actually functioning As a diminished seventh even though it's also a major sixth So just in conclusion a major sixth is also a diminished seventh a minor sixth is also a Augmented fifth moving on now you have the fifth here and you have the fourth here Very easy to form the tritone, which is another interval. It's the four Plus one or the five minus one four plus one Five minus one. So four plus one. We call it an augmented fourth C to F sharp five minus one. We always say diminished fifth. Okay, if you're confused you can just say tritone Which is what that is that's how you remember the tritone If you call it an augmented fourth There'll not be a perfect four if you call it a diminished fifth Then there won't be a fifth example the Locrian scale While the Lydian Has the sharp four, but not the normal four. That's why we say sharp four sharp four replaces the perfect four Flat five generally replaces the normal five or you could have a scale like The whole tone scale which doesn't have the four or the five So we say two three sharp four sharp five flat seven octave Quite like that scale. Okay, so we've covered the tritone We've covered the six the seventh what's remaining the only thing remaining now is the second you have two kinds of seconds Major second which is root plus two Which is also the third major third minus two if you look at it that way Or the very next step from anywhere is called a minor two Okay, and just to move forward a little more and to give you a little bit more out of this You can also call some of these intervals by their extensions. You need to remember the numbers nine 11 and 13 Nine is the same as two but played on the higher octave and observed with the seventh Either the major or the minor seven so nines are there Levens as the same as the four and 13 is essentially the same as the six, but when you play the nine 11 and 13 you generally are dealing with the seven as well. Okay, that's how we name the chord So if you take let's say a C dominant seventh Keep it in your left hand like this And now play the the D which is the nine You may call this a major second, but functionally it's working as a ninth There's that flat seven there you could also flatten the nine Which is D flat You could even raise the nine to a D sharp Which is what that dominant seventh interval does to everything it just makes everything usable like if I removed that and played a C major With that sharp nine as we are calling it Just sounds really wrong, but when I add the dominant seventh There is a context so that flat seven means a lot when you're extending the harmony Similarly, if you take a flat nine Sounds beautiful, but when I take away all the other notes Sounds quite annoying There we go So the extended intervals the nine the flat nine the shaft nine then the leaven is also there Sharp 11 Will all have a purpose or a context only when you have some other notes with it Okay, so these are what we call intervals beyond the octave or extended intervals, right guys So let's recap in the initial part of the lesson I talked about the importance of remembering your fifths and fourths How do we do that in the circle of fifths clockwise is fifth counterclockwise is fourth then somehow Mug up the thirds you use them all the time, right? So just mug them up get really well acquainted with the thirds then everything else got built around that Framework the seventh is octave minus one major seventh is octave minus one minus seventh is octave minus two Major sixth is fifth plus two minus sixth is fifth plus one or sixth minus one Tritone is five minus one or four plus one Two is just two after the one Miner two is just one step after the one That's how you remember your intervals more food for thought I've just put a circle of fifths diagram for intervals where I've actually used the circle of fifths to just show you Geometrically every single interval which there ever is and that also offers a different perspective Do check out the picture we'll be putting it out on patreon and all of the notes from this theory lesson will be on patreon So you can check it out. You can go through all my notes see if you have any questions or comments leave them in the comment box and Yeah, also suggest something which you'd like to learn next any doubts which you are facing I'll be happy to go over your comments. So don't forget to leave those Give the video a like that'll be awesome Give the video a share share it with some of your musician friends and family if you if you think they would be Benefited from the lesson we have a website as well Nathaniel school calm where all of our lessons are grouped in Structured courses you could also fill up a form and do our regular Music method flagship course, which is of a six month Structured certificate course you could consider doing that as well where you will be learning theory year training and of course Technique not just for piano also vocals guitars bass and so on Thanks a ton for watching the lesson guys. Cheers. Catch you in the next one