 The study found that several factors can increase the risk of developing postnatal depressive symptoms, PNDS, in mothers. These include lack of partners perceived antinatal emotional support, consultation with a mental health specialist before pregnancy, family financial difficulties, prenatal psychological distress, and a difficult pregnancy experience. Additionally, lack of perceived antinatal emotional support, a difficult pregnancy experience, and prenatal psychological distress were all found to be directly related to PNDS. Furthermore, infant self-regulation difficulties, maternal difficulty in understanding infant crying, and infant hospitalization were found to be directly related to PNDS. Finally, maternal difficulty in understanding and infant's cries was found to be indirectly related to infant self-regulation difficulties. This article was authored by Melanie Bales, Elodie Pambrun, Charlotte Maguet, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.