 I was tempted to let mine run well over six thirty, so you can ask me any difficult questions and any other speakers. In the event I would attempt to whip through the wonderful world of ecosystems, service and Natural Capital Accounting quickly as I can. I'm Vince Hillyö, the Royal Environmental Advice자를 within Government Advice, part of Historic England and Historic England. ond mae'r llai yn ymdill yn ei gweithio. Rwy'n mynd i'n dda i chi'n gwybod i gael ei syniadau i ymddangos i gael cwm daethau a'r wych o'r unrhyw o'r hwnnw o'r byd yn gweithio arall o'r ddechrau ac i'r ddych chi'n gweithio. Mae'r mylion o'r syniadau ei syniadau i mi, i'r holl ffordd o'r Unedau i'r cydweithio, bod yn gweithio ar y gynhyrch yn 2001. The idea really was to take a step backwards and we've all heard of the impact.. ..of things such as you know droit. ..of things such as you know projets or what have you. it's more than the maen nhw wedi bod a'u iawn i gweithio hyd yn bach a ddych siwyddiant bach o'r byw y lle, ond o'r bach i chi'n gwahanol ar hyn, ac yn cael ei chyfanol i fel aethau, mae'n hefyd o'r cyfnodd ychydigfaint hyd yn llwyddaf yn wahanol. Ac o ddwy'r ymwahanol i'w llywodd i ni'r gymryd yn ei ddim yn ei gwahanol i chi ei rôl i'r heb wahanol ar hyn oedon ymdell iawn. O nhw'n honestyadau ymddangos ymddangos gyda'r sffaith wedi adrygiad ei ddim. The study, as it was put together by the United Nations, came up with these four categories – provisioning services and these are the products obtained by ecosystems. The examples given here are food, fiber, fuel, regulating services and the benefits obtained by the regulations of ecosystem processes. The examples today are carbon capture and air quality, eich cofn unclearu, a those were interestingly defined as the non-material benefits that people obtain through recreation, reflection etc. Then underpinning, the other three were supporting services, such as nutrient cycling, oxygen production, soil formation which is absolutely fundamental to the delivery of everything else. Y diagram yw bod yn ymdïch ar ddigonol. Y dyfodol i fynd i'w hoffa'r perthynau werthaf yn ymddych chi'n defnyddio'r arfer. Mae'r hoffa'r hoffa ar y syniadau ecosystem yn ddod, mae'r hoffa'r hoffa'r hoffa ar yr hanffa, ddod yn dal o ddod. Felly mae'r hoffa'r hoffa yn ymdod o fewn i'r hoffa, mae'r hoffa yn iawn i'r hoffa. Mae eich hoffa yw fydd yn ei ffodol ychydig wneud o'r hoffa'r hoffa'r hoffa, that people feel, how they experience etc. So quite often it's been put on the two difficult pile, so any ecosystem assessments that have been done, you will see only marginal coverage for cultural services and of course that impacts upon the understanding of heritage within the mix there. That particular challenge has been put in sharp focus with Brexit, you might rydw i'n gyd o'r hyffordd ymddangos, ond y Unedig Unedig yn ymddangos o'i ymddangos oedd yn 2019. Ac ydych chi'n gwybod ymddangos o'r ymddangos, mae ymddangos yn ymddangos yw'r plan ym 25 oes ymddangos. Dyma ymddangos ymddangos ymddangos, oes yma ymddangos ddegadau o'r newid yn dyn nhw. Ac mae'n ddiddordeb yn ymddangos. Ac mae'n ddiddordeb ymddangos o'r ddiddordeb ymddangos. as part and parcel of those two policy announcements, if you like, they've said that in the future support will be underpinned by public environmental goods and services. So, whereas the common agricultural policy pays farmers for having active holdings, and also pays money through the Royal Development Programme to mitigate the environmental impacts of their activities, the future within the UK the proposal is that farmers will only be paid for the provision of public environmental goods and services. The interesting thing from a policy perspective when it comes to cultural heritage is that they will be using natural capital accounting and ecosystem services As there are sort of underpinning mechanisms for deciding what's important in the environmental terms, what are the key public environmental goods and services that will be rewarded. And this is a statement from the 25-year plan. Initiatives to protect and improve our natural world and cultural heritage are acts of stewardship by which we discharge our debts to it, and so are moral imperatives in themselves, a th hyn sy'n sicrhau os deall, yn yr ystod sefalio i dri cyfnoddau ffalu gyda'r cyffredinol yn teulu ac gweithio cyffredinol yn eu hunain a'u fod yn chi ffordd yn het o'r llei'r cyfan! Mae gweithio'r gweithreitiau yn ôl yn y fan gyfeirio siaradau ffaluien. Mae hyn yn dod o gweld i sy'n cyffredinol cyffredinol sy'n gweithio i gweithio i gweithio i gyfer y cyffredinol. Ond yn mynd ymlaen, mae'n ddweud y cysylltau cyflwyno gyda'r cyd-fair yn hynny. Ond yn ymlaen, mae'n cyfnod ymlaen am y gallai siaradau yn ei fod yn ymlaen y cyd-fair sy'n hynny o'r adegas ymlaen a'r cyfaintol ymlaen, mae'n byw'n rhaid i'r ffyrdd ymlaen i'r cyflym ymlaen. Wel ymlaen ymlaen ymlaen? Wel, mae'n gwybod yma yn y cyflym unedwyd i'r cyflwyno acer-ympwr. Mae'n gwybod eich cynnig o Gymraeg ymlaen, ond mae'r gwasanaeth yn roedd y dyfnodau o adnodau a fitodau gwneudau gwneudau. Onegau'r cyhoedd yma, drwy darw'n gwneud sy'n cyflwynyddau, roeddemau, w whithredig, oedd yn chi'n cyffodus ar blask, oeddog. Rwy'n ten i'r gwasanaeth, ond mae'r prysgol yn cael ei wneud ddigonio'r gwasanaeth yn y gwasanaeth, i fod yn rhyngwladodd yr adnodau a'r cyfysir gwneud. a 기 codedd o bobl hynodw'r fflawn o gweithio. So mae erbyn eich bod yn ddarparu overheiddiol, mae gennedd dechrau'r gweithio ar gyfer yr o 아니야 lleontech a pam yn rhoi ysgrun ymlaen iawn. Ond ein bod y gallwn gwahanol iawn yn grechol y trofoi eto cael lo sy'n ddweud y Syrian. A Llyfrgell Llyfrgell, y ddweud llawer o Llyfrgell Llyfrgell a Llyfrgell Llyfrgell ysgrun, mae nid oedd iawn yn mynd i'n mynd i'n rhan o'ch ddweud. I won't go into great detail. This is a chart that was released alongside our 25-year environment plan, and it shows how it will work in the future. As I say, I won't go into detail and the presentation will be available afterwards, but you can see that it is about modelling the flow of stocks. It's not just about saying we've got so many historical natural assets, it's about looking at change, how they're affected, and the benefits that we either gain or lose as a result of those changes. In view of this policy challenge to us, how do we integrate cultural heritage in these forthcoming policy mechanisms? Historic England and Natural England, the key heritage and environmental bodies within England, commissioned a piece of work from risk and policy analysts and land-use consultants earlier this year, which looked at existing natural capital accounts, and they reviewed 35 of them. These have been done either by large agencies or large companies, and these are how they attempt to look at the things that they're interested in using the natural capital accounting approach. What we wanted to do was see the extent to which cultural heritage is included in them already in natural capital accounting, and if it wasn't, how it could be included in the future, and what the obstacles to doing that might be. The finding was surprisingly that the vast majority of the ecosystem services captured within existing natural capital accounting approaches were relevant to the historic environment. Crucially, it didn't just fit with the cultural services, it also fitted with other services under that ecosystem services model. So you don't necessarily have to put cultural heritage into a corner, the too difficult pile, you can integrate it or mainstream it into the others. Just to give a very, well, no, actually I've got a better example going forward. This is how they actually went through the process. They collated existing evidence on accounting. They did rapid appraisals, they assessed how historic environment could fit into those ecosystem services and what the benefits would be. They explored the options for improving ways in which it could be integrated within existing ecosystem services, assessments and also natural capital accounts. They recommended priority areas for future research and they suggested ways in which the incorporation of this historic environment into natural capital accounting could be better achieved. This is just the sort of mechanism behind that rapid appraisal. So they were looking at the assets themselves. On the left-hand side you can see natural capital, land use habitats. On the right-hand side, historic capital. So again, very similar approaches to the natural environment and to cultural heritage. Once they'd established what the assets were they were interested in, they looked at the flow of services to and from them using that ecosystem's model and then they attempted to capture the final benefits in both outcomes delivered and market and non-market goods. Again, you'll be able to read the detail on this in the presentation subsequently. But the historic environment did fit surprisingly well into something which is the natural capital approach. It was found that in existing assessments, the 35 that were reviewed, the historic environment could be linked to the stock of natural environment. It was possible to identify and measure how historic environment influences the condition of the natural environment. It was possible to measure how change in the condition influences the magnitude of services that flow to and from the stock. And a premium could be attached to the additional value and benefits that were provided by Heritage. But the summary of it was that of the 35 assessments that they looked at, not a single one had actually included cultural heritage. Some of them had got the title there around cultural heritage with a question mark next to it. And when they unpacked the reasons why they hadn't gone down and included it, it was because they didn't think that the fit was as good as it actually was. But more importantly, they had no idea how to begin to include cultural heritage. What they needed will work to examples. So as a next stage to that, we commissioned eight practical, thematic, geographical studies of cultural heritage within natural capital accounting and ecosystem services. And you can see the consultants that have been commissioned for them. And you can see that they're either an example here, Dry Stone walls in the Peak District National Park, or it could be a particular area such as the Trent Valley. So the idea is to pull out the cultural heritage from all of them with a view to as understanding how it could be integrated more widely into future assessments using natural capital accounting. And we have of these eight that have been commissioned. I'll just give you a quick example, which curiously is being done by a Pete's outfit. And this is looking at stone walls in the Peak District National Park. And again, they're an important part of the landscape. They're iconic. But what this study is doing is looking at them through the filter of ecosystem services and natural capital accounting and see how stone walls, which are undoubtedly culturally significant, fit into that supporting provisioning, regulating, and cultural services framework. And they've attempted to show the ways in which they deliver against each of those headings. So just because it's natural capital accounting, just because it's ecosystems doesn't mean that cultural heritage doesn't contribute to it. And the example that I was going to go back and show you earlier is regulating services. So we have a stone wall. It's historically significant. But the fact is that it can reduce flood risk or the leaching of fertilisers into watercourses. So actually it is a regulating service. It's providing not just a cultural one. And that's just one example. But the important thing is for those that might be interested that these studies come to fruition in November this year. And we're holding a two-day workshop in London on the 6th and 7th of November. The first day we'll be looking at the results of those eight pilot projects. The second day we'll be looking at where next. How can we use this in the future? So I'm sure that if anyone is interested to come to London on the 6th or 7th of November, we can find space for you. So I've just given you a very quick counter through the issues. We can't ignore, given the increasing weight that's accorded to them in policy terms, ecosystem services and natural capital accounting, they're going to become increasingly important. And that's not just, of course, within the UK. That's within Europe more widely, particularly within EU policy. Therefore it's imperative that we demonstrate the fit with cultural heritage. But one of the things that we've discovered is that, you know, the fit with cultural heritage within these existing approaches might be 75%, something like that. What about cultural heritage that is important, that doesn't fit within those models? And that's why we currently, with the Department for the Environment, Food, Rural Affairs and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, beginning the very preliminary stages of looking at something we call cultural capital. It uses the methodology, it's identical methodology to natural capital accounting, but it's specifically for cultural heritage. Because if we can't demonstrate that this 25% of heritage doesn't fit into the natural capital accounting approach, then therefore doesn't that mean it has no value at all? And that's why we have to have a parallel model as well. And as I say, it's a question mark because it's early days, but we like to think of it as cultural capital. So thank you very much.