 Okay, hi everybody. So I think we're just two or three minutes late. So my talk a little bit connects to the talk Rivka gave before So, but I'm concentrating more on the on the geology on the geochemistry just for the introduction I'm a geologist. So sorry for Reading this archaeological things. Yeah, so I still don't know them by heart The early bronze age one period of the southern event witnessed an intensification of several features observed in the preceding Qualific period including growing evidence of the accumulation of wealth social hierarchies craft specialization and far-reaching trade relations One of the notable changes during the early bronze age was the development from a village-based economy to an urban-centered society Suggested to take place in the later stages of the early bronze age one period and the transition to the subsequent early bronze age two period The initial stages of these urbanization processes in the southern event brought about a distinct change in the way Ancient societies functioned and developed to urban communities occupying urban centers and later city-states the formative stages of the development of urban societies involved increasing complexity of social and economic mechanisms entangled with different forms of trade and exchange systems so the first the first slide I have for you here is a first of all the selection of sites in the In the southern one from the high political period or from the early bronze age period and why as I said why do we select Why do we concentrate in the high political your bronze age is that we have these initial urbanized station urbanization Processes we have these development of this village-based society to urban-centered societies and the increasing complexity of Of social systems and why are the salt vessels so interesting when you remember if gas for truck sorry presentation before and In the halko the halko lithic periods never thought vessels occur in numbers Which were which have never been seen like that before you have them as you have seen in this in my slide and in Riva presentation you have seen that you have them in many many sites in the In the southern Levant we have them in sites which are close to the basaltic rock occurrences and Insights which are very remote from these potential sources and you as Riva said we have them in domestic public and Culturally related context and which is what is really really distinct is that you have a clear preference of basalt as raw material for these for the vessel production Riva has presented that you were that the high level of craftsman craftmanship which Which demands high craft specialization and the considerable investment in the tools appearance Finishing and decoration, so I think I can skip I can go a little bit farther Faster through these slides here. We have a small selection of the high-quality of some high-quality vessels But the Riva was there more in detail here. We have some small collection from early Bronze age basalt vessels and The big question is why was basalt selected as raw material of course because of its raw material Characteristics, it's very durable and because of its texture probably because of its color and its hardness You had of course certain technological related characteristics You can you can connect them in a controlled way. They have a high resistance to abrasion and you can and you can create these Durable in size the surfaces and these polishing surfaces I'm still thinking about this point if this is true or not that the selection for basalt is generally beyond Functional requirement as as far as I know the functional requirement of these things. It's not really clear But everything Shows that we have a well-defined tradition for their manufacturers Will not go more into data in that point because the car was there in Did explain this in detail So all these things together suggest that we had defined markets of these items Which were probably governed by a growing demand during these periods and the big question which already stated were they prestige object objects It often meant Favouring non-local material as I previously said and this this suggests or demands complex systems of production and distribution So the objectives of this research project Which runs now since a year or something is the understanding of the social and economic mechanisms behind the production and the short and long-trade distance during the distance trade during the chalcolitic and the early Bronze Age and By clarifying the differences between the basalt Industries of these two periods we want to contribute to a coherent View of the long-distance ties between communities and these and the social infrastructures It can be assumed that parallel or different roof roots and mechanisms for the exchange of different types of these projects products likely existed and It is always possible that the that similar items may have been traded in different systems and It can also be assumed that different communities or political authorities along the chain may have controlled or influenced these mechanisms Each contributing to the complexity of the network However the the social The short social value these items these basalt tools clearly had during these these periods surely is their key factor behind behind the trade so We are studying or I am studying the These chalcolitic and early Bronze Age vessels Geochemically and when I can also buy petrography and Some of the main questions are do we find in all these in all these mass in this mass of basalt vessel certain lethal types Which means distance raw materials among these artifacts? We have heard a lot a lot a lot about Flint today you also hear something about the salt the salt is gray It's the secular plus minus the secular. It's plus minus gray, but you don't have a lot of In these cases you don't have a lot of Microscopic features which can you which you can use for for a district for certain geological reasons The question is where specific lethal types used for for specific vessel types Do we have petrological overlaps between these types? Do can we have do we have find a lethal type? region Correlation somewhere in our basalt vessels and Do we have do we find certain lethal types in? certain regions in certain settlements which would show that these settlements or regions acquire their vessels from the same sources and We want to try to To track these lethal types among a long possible trade if this is possible We would see trade better trade routes for example the Jordan Valley or the east-west renaissance systems or the coast of Lane Then we want to check if we can also Majorly based on the geochemical composition if we can identify distribution centers among these settlements And as the crown of the project we want to try if we can track the provenance of these lethal types Because when we know the provenance we of course, you know these things you can see how far they have been traded traded from their source In the moment the basalt vessels we have we have sampled in the moment it's 405 vessels from 34 Halkulithic sites and 100 run vessels from 15 even one sites some more are coming So this is what we are doing so we are we are analyzing these and then we look at the sources So where do we have the basaltic rocks in Israel? We have them just up here in the north I have to say that we are concentrating on on Basaltic rocks on myosin or diatomyosin age because the pretentious volcanic rocks we have here. They are Crumbly they suffer to stomach stress and everything and you can't use them as raw material as what you The same you can use the new gene like that it works So you have the only basaltic rocks up there But you have seen already that presentation that you have the that you have some concentration It was here with cut through here that the concentration of these vessels is not not in the It's not in the region where the basalt is occurring So here you have this geological overview here. We give I am a little bit more in detail about these things the problem With the basaltic rocks in Israel is that you don't have a well-defined Lava occurrences and we have it for that in the Ike region in Germany You're in the massive sometimes in France. You have single volcanoes and you can say, okay. This is okay Or AB this is there And this is a lava flow from this eruption or that this is really difficult here because it's mainly as it's blood basalt You have some you have some Eruption centers also here, but very very few few more idea up in Poland where you have the very young volcanic rocks They also have eruption centers, but as I said, it's flambasal and it's really difficult to To distinguish these basalts in the field And so what we are doing what we are trying to create a geotamic mineral mineral logical reference database for the provolence determination which basically means walking walking over all the basalt and Sampling outcrops where we find outcrops and hoping that we that we maybe stumble stumble over some extraction sites Which we already did so we find them. They are not recorded anywhere But when you really walk every Square meter as far as you can because many many places of these salty crocs are either Also agricultural areas or you have military areas Oh, you know my my fields, of course, you can sample there But we try to sample it in in a mesh as close as possible With the aim to determine if how Homogene or inhomogeneous and all these basaltic rocks are so in the moment we are something like 400 samples When I always look at the at the map, it doesn't look that much, but it's really that much share So some more are coming so to work. So at least two more field surveys are planned And so we are analyzing this your logic samples, of course, we are measuring them with wavelength determine the wavelength discursive xrf, which is the the other the other Technique which has a lot of advantages and and laser ICDMS and So what we are trying to do you see when you look here You can see we have one big pattern of all these Of all these geological samples you can tickle out some Some differences, of course, we are using multivariate statistics as well. And so we see some differences in the volcanic rocks from the From the older to the younger rocks and we are trying to work with them and working out the differences. So here are the for example some major elements Distributions which you are just recently published so you see that you have the the myosin volcanic rocks have a little bit another geochemical composition that for example The libasin cover the salt or the the younger rocks from the Golan here, but the Golan here is still working. So we are not very far yet And so we are trying we are working with it sometimes Cluster analysis work Sometimes you really have to provenance things by hand really manually to check. Okay. It's more this or it's more that We always try to use Petrographic analysis when we can the problem is that of course from these result vessels They are very valuable often you get just very small pieces So you don't have enough material to do the petrographic analysis Which is the same thing, but we have to live and with that we have to work with what we have the trace element analysis shows that you don't see a lot. Yeah, so everybody likes this laser ICPMS thing because We are doing this and we are working with this data, but the data are very very similar. This is caused by the by the By the way, how these magnetic rocks were formed in the mantle So this this more or less rules the the pattern of these Trace elements so In the moment, it looks like as if these major elements give us gives us more distinctive features than these trace elements so the words of the project is running we have some first results from the Major elements so what we are doing the procedure is first what I said we have to define the leap of leaf of lethal types And by defining by cluster analysis, we try to find the interior site variability of the raw materials which were used and and We say That these lethal types represent certain extraction sites. Yeah, five minutes. No problem And and these lethal types will allow us to track these these vessels to the landscape The archaeological site is a Dalin Haifa He's doing these archaeological analysis these microscopic and microscopic production characteristics and Then of course we try to do the provenance determination We compare these lethal types to our data set and try to narrow down the potential Provenance areas and then the aim is to go there again To check these rocks to take more samples to look for traces of extraction and so on So the state of the project is that the artifact sampling is in progress The archaeological attribute and technological analyses are running The statistic evaluation of the geochemical data of the artifacts. There is a data missing, right? No Dependent on the site started so we will do these dependent on sites and depending on the period and The field databases is under construction as I said more geological sound will be Managed and