 Social stratification in Pakistan. This is the topic for today's session. A caste system in a system of social inequality in which people's status is permanently determined at birth based on their parents' ascribed characteristics. So, in Pakistan, there is social stratification is existing and on the basis of definitely on caste system which is called the Zat-Bradri Nizam. In Pakistan, by birth, you are linked to a category that is your caste. Although there is a closed system where individuals live out their lives in the rigid categories assigned to them without the possibility of change. In Pakistan, there is a caste system where a child is born and the title of the child is given on the basis of the caste system which is known as the Zat-Bradri Nizam. But the concept of the Zat-Bradri Nizam has come from where in Pakistan? The important thing is that we all know that historically, the areas that were not developed much by the culture of Bara Sagheer were the traditions that came into the part of Pakistan. But here, there is one class which is called the upper class. These are the people who are related to elite families who have wealth, who dominate the economic system of every society. These are the people who are related to the upper class such as landlords, politicians, business icons in Pakistan. These are all the people who have a position in the society based on money. There is a middle class. The members of the middle class earn their money by working. They can be small business owners or doing professional jobs like doctors, lawyers, professors, teachers and many other professions. So we can say in the Pakistani society there is the upper class and middle class then there are professional people. These professional people come to the higher upper class and sometimes they fall into the lower middle class because of their income base. Some people have less income so their category, their class is considered less. Then there is the majority of the population in Pakistan. There is the lower class. These lower classes are usually not skilled labourers and they are usually working on daily wages like factory workers, seasonal labourers. This lower class is in the majority but due to not being skilled or due to not being educated their life is dependent on their income base. That is why they are usually kept in the lower class category and their life is considered very difficult. Now let's see if there is a mechanism in the Pakistani society that helps these people or if there is a network that provides social security measures for the Pakistani society because now it is moving forward and awareness is also coming here. This awareness is also coming to the political system that if we want to take our people with us if we want to take the society with us if we want to compete in the world then we need to give our population what we need to do. So the social stratification elements that are based on the ethnic identity in Pakistan in terms of work, income and wealth still exist. They are critical but in this society the awareness that is coming can be expected that this social stratification will come out of its critical nature and start going a little further.