 Welcome to ITU Telecom World 2018 here in Durban, South Africa where I've got the great pleasure of being joined in the studio today by Mr Abdul Karim Sumaila, who is the Secretary-General of the Africa Telecommunications Union. Mr Sumaila, nice to see you again, welcome to the studio. Yes, thank you. Now, I'd like to start off by talking about what a smart digital development means to you and how is the ITU working towards it? You know, this word, smart, it's now begun, I cannot say a fashion or it what, but anyone now want to say smart on anything. So hope that the smart ICT have a very nice name for, especially the African countries, where we know and I think most of the players know that today ICT play a key role in the continent and especially in terms of the development and we believe we as Africa that this smart ICT, we're going to change many things in Africa and it already changed. As we said, it's why we do things and for us, when you look on the past, today ICT play a very economic help on many African countries when you look about the mobile money globally, but also when you look about those development of the smart city that we start, put together and also the smart education, the smart health. So I think we are really on the way to achieve, but however, there is a lot of things to do before to achieve all those objectives. I know most African countries have a very strong policy in terms of the ICT development, in terms of the internet connectivity and I think many minister here on the debate already put this on the table, say that there is a lack of things, especially when it comes to the broadband. Let's talk about innovation. What innovation do you think, technological innovation will be the most transformative? You know, it will be a big question to answer because it depends on how you see it because in terms of innovation, I think today we're looking for, for me, we're looking for the application. And when we say application, it means what you will do with this 3G, this 4G, because you know as political, don't speak about them 3G or 4G, tell them what application they are going to use in terms of to do a visa, 4G or 3G or 5G when it's come. It's the utilization of the ICT to, for example, Africa in terms of education, in terms of health, and also in terms of transport, but also in terms of reducing the cost of the transport because many things today you can do it directly, you don't need to move from another place to this place, you pay all your bills today in many African countries with your phone, you don't need to move. About 5G, 5G seems a little dot in the distance for some countries, I mean, how can governments ensure that this becomes a reality? I think it's not only the government to push it only to be a reality, it will be together with all the key players, I mean that with the industry, with the telecom operator because you know whatever we as a member said or government push to do, we have to do with the business case, we have to do with the market. Other way for me today is good for us if we can have 5G because we know that the application on 5G are very important, but the problem is not sure that if it's some market in Africa or not ready to do that. What about digital literacy, what measures do you think should be taken to make sure that everybody is digital literate? You know for me there is many initiative does member state, taking Africa, when you see that they say any laptop for all the school, I don't know whether it will be a reality or not, but we think that it is under some who make project connect all the village in their countries. So I think there is a big step that members take in terms of putting first the digital, putting first the computer, before you fight about it you must be sure that at least we have device to do it, we have to be sure that we have connected to do it. So you cannot do literacy if we don't have internet access, if we don't have laptop that we have this tablet like you have today, so we cannot do it. So I think it's not to say about, but it's to put something, all those ingredients in France to say that how we will do, we will fight about digital literacy, but the problem we have to go first to school. We still have people who never go to school today, so you cannot fight about guess if you didn't put all your people, all your kids to school. Finally, we're here at ITU telecom world, you're no stranger to ITU events, I just really wanted to find out what's the value for you of attending this event? I think it's not the value only for me, but it's the value should be come from member states, for those young people who attend to what kind of sharing they have here, and also what they learn, because you see there's many interactive workshops, there's many discussions, even many ministers, they attend many random table, so for me I think of this, we at member states we learn, there is changing, there is country coming from Asia, they give on the table, they explain what they achieve today, and African country also share with them, but I think when we share with someone, we learn from each other, and you have the many younger people coming here, also in terms of innovating, they change and they see how to create those what you call small entrepreneur, so I think there's many things that we have here to learn, and when we go back we try to implement it, which are the very best, the rest of you will stay here, and for the future, and look forward to catching up with you again at some stage in the future too. Thank you very much. Yes, thank you, thank you very much.