 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, SS Khanna Girls to be College, University of Palahabad. And in the series of discussion over higher education and research, I am this time I am going to discuss predatory journals, the characteristics of predatory journals, how you can identify the predatory journal and all. And the lecture will be useful for your general understanding as well as for your research work and competitive teaching examinations as well. So let's start predatory journals. Look, when we are in the field of research, when we are in the field of faculty, when we are in the service period, we have realized that whenever we do research work, its dissemination or publication is necessary. That is why publication is a very important criteria, contribution of higher education. So when we publish, you will need some medium, some magazine, some journal. So academic journals should be published in good journals, but a new, you can say that the culture of predatory journals has been developed. You can also know the Hindi of predatory journals. What is predatory? Predator means hunter. So predatory journals means, you understand that what I said about plagiarism, what I said about the scientific theory, you can understand that predatory journals increase the culture of plagiarism, increase the misconduct of the wrong culture. So predatory journals have to be saved and published in academic journals. This is what we have to share with you today. So before going to predatory journals, we will go to the academic journals, the academic journals, the right journals, where we have to publish. So academic journals have a long tradition of publishing, first published in as early as in 1655. Many journals have been published on research work paper, in print format by universities and learned societies, surviving on individual or institutional subscriptions. Means, the institution has taken subscription, has taken individual, and with the help of that, it means that they are spending a lot of money on printing. And these are going on for many years. The stringent editorial practices with the strong editorial board and peer review systems rendered these journals authentic and therefore trusted among the researchers. Why do they believe in this? Because their editorial practice is very good. They keep an editorial board. An editorial board means some people who submit the paper to print it, they will study it, they will see if it is right or not. They have no plagiarism or if everything is properly used or not. So in this way, and the peer review system means that they will review each other's paper. So these journals are called authentic and the researcher who does research work, he trusts them and works on their review of related literature. So peer reviewed or academic journals are among the key channels for research dissemination. When there is research, there will be dissemination of research, it will have to be published, it will have to be published, then you will need a journal. Unfortunately, unfortunately, what is happening in the way of the peer review system? They publish and perish. Meaning now on you, on you, it means that the researcher has this pressure on them. Either they publish their research work or it will be destroyed. The publication is very important because you will not get a number without it, you will not get an API, you will not get a Ph.D. Before you get an award, you have to publish two papers. This is the kind of rules that we keep making, unfortunately. So publication can become an objective in its own right. So publication has become the biggest objective in itself that publication has to be published, publication has to be published, publication has to be published. So everyone has to be published and everyone can't do quality work. So a market has become a predatory journal. And introducing unethical publication practices. And these journals have introduced the publication practices in an unethical way. So what we have to do? Researchers should avoid being a researcher, being a faculty member in predatory journals. Both as an outlet for their manuscripts and as cited references in their research. What are the two things for this work? First of all, we will not publish our manuscript and secondly, we will not cite it. We will not cite any other work. In this context, the UGC guidance document, public notice on academic integrity draws specific attention to predatory journals. So the UGC also took it into consideration that where did predatory journals come from, are doing wrong work, are doing unethical work. And it took public notice on academic integrity. The topic I discussed earlier was academic integrity in research. I discussed it with you. So the UGC also talked about academic journal and predatory journal. It brought attention to the public that do not publish in predatory journals. So now let's find out what predatory journals are and what is its definition. First of all, the different bills defined predatory journals. They said predatory publishers as outlets. These are outlets which publish counterfeit journals which publish counterfeit journals to exploit the open access model in which the authors pays and publishers that were dishonest and lack transference. They said that predatory journals are the journals where you pay, whether your material is good or not, whether there is quality or not, whether there is plagiarism or not. You just pay them, give them some money, give them some wealth and they will publish something by lacking transference in a dishonest manner. And they exploit the open access model. This means that as soon as OER came, open educational resources came, they said that we will give good material to the great people without having to spend money. But what do they do? They exploit the open access model because they say first of all pay and then any article that you have written in the news will be published. Then a committee on publication has also come, how it has defined predatory publishing It is generally defined as for profit. They are saying that they have given money for now. We will give money, we will publish it. Open access journal publication of scholarly articles without the benefit of peer review by the experts in the field or the usual editorial oversight of the journals in question. They are saying that we will not review it, we will not check it with any editorial board. We will not even give the profit of open access journal and how do they define it? These predatory journals are a kind of entity which is a prior type of self-interest, the expense of scholarship. How much knowledge you have written, self-interest. We have written the paper, we have to publish it, you take the money and publish it. And are characterized by false or misleading information. It can be false, it can mislead us. Deviation from best editorial and publication practices. That is to say, the good communication, the publication practice, they also deviate from it. There is no transparency, when they are giving, it can be published in the back date. And or the use of aggressive and indiscriminate solicitation practices. Everything is going wrong How do we recognize that this is a predatory journal and we do not have to print it here. So predatory journals which overwrite standard publication practices can be identified. They say that these are the characteristics from which you can identify that these journals are not right. And this is a very new culture. There are only 2,023 characteristics in 2016. So as soon as the publish and the perish culture comes, there is no one to ask about it. So this has become a trend and we have to recognize how basic information is about the journal. You see, the website of the journal where the journal is about the information about the journal you can check from there. No contact details of publisher and editor are provided. These journals do not provide contact details of publisher and editor. Then false location of the offices of the publisher and editor are given. The location of the office will also be wrong and there will be no location of this type. Then there is lack of information on the editorial board. The general journal of the editorial board has all the designations but no information is provided. Lack of information about the frequency of periodicals which is a genuine journal which is a peer reviewed journal tells how many times a year it is published. How many times a week it is published. But there is no suit on the journal website in general. And what do they do? Now everyone knows that there will be an ISSN then generally people publish. From somewhere fraudulent someone's ISSN and people use standard publishers. So everything is wrong. Fraud is going on. Many editors are unaware of the inclusion of their names and editorial boards. And many editors do not even know where their names are used in the editorial board. So you can use any name of an educationalist. You can use any web app on Google. You can use any contact number so these are all male practices in a free journal. Content of the journal. How can you judge from content? Low quality content. Several typographical mistakes. There will be many spelling mistakes and typing mistakes. Generally this does not happen. Play-raised work. You can listen to it yourself. You read it somewhere else. That is their original contribution. Out of sync with the journal. Whenever a journal releases its own publication policy it tells you who is covering the area and what kind of papers it needs. But there is no scope for this type of journal. You can publish anything you wish. Or multidisciplinary. Not committed to any single discipline. Generally, everyone can have a chance to say you are a social scientist, management, multidisciplinary. Lack of standard publishing practices. They don't follow the standard of publishing practices. Their impact factor is wrong. Indexing database is also wrong. Nothing is right. They have created a new form that is a normal, good journal and people can publish papers here. Everyone doesn't know that it is a predatory journal. People are not aware that they are not publishing. But they create false ideas like ISSN, logo, standard, editorial board. We should know that this type of culture is going on. If you have any doubt then there are many ways. Shorty journals. Journals having all characteristics of unethical features. They haven't done anything wrong. Their website is wrong. They have taken any good journal from ISSN. They have also given wrong names in the editorial board. If they are following unethical features then shorty journals are wrong. Then hijacked journals. They are difficult to recognize as they mimic the standard publications in name, logo and website. They have hijacked a good journal in your discipline. They are using the same name and logo and websites. They look as good as the standard, legitimate journal. But somewhere there will be something that they can't copy. We have to see how difficult it is to publish a paper. You can understand how difficult it is to publish a paper. You can find a good journal and publish it. Then cloned journals. They have also cloned other journals. How did they do it? They are online dubious versions of print-only authentic journals. These days, journals are print-only. They are both online and offline. There are some journals but only print-materials. They are not online. So, they make a journal online. Everyone doesn't know that this is a print-only online version. But they have cloned it. Just like that. The name is the same. It is the same. Crony publishing. Institutional publication. There are many institutes that publish their own journals. The majority of the board members and the majority of the authors are from the same institute across the majority of the issues of the periodical. Every periodical that is being published is a member. We are giving it a paper. We are pushing it. We are pushing it. We are pushing it. We are pushing it. We are pushing it. We are pushing it. We are giving it a paper and we have an appreciation in our work. Predictor journal also comes in this category. They do not follow the standard publication. The name is crony publishing. Reasons for publishing predatory journals. Everyone knows that there is a market which has become flourishing. People go and print it. Jeffrey Bell blog, right? He told us, first of all, he wrote in his blog that pre-date free publishers have arrived in the society, making it clear that they had exploited the open access publishing model. They are repeatedly saying that the open access publishing model is exploited, that is, they do the show and had attracted gullible researchers and faculty members to publish their research in their journals. And what do they do? The new researchers, the new faculty members, who have not written well, have not done good work, have done good work, have attracted them. So, what are the reasons for this? Lack of awareness among researchers and new faculty members. Many times, researchers and faculty members do not even know that this pre-date free journal is of any concept and we are going to publish it in a wrong place. So, what is the effect of this? Competition among colleagues, desire to score, higher end gain respect. With competition among us, you have published five papers, so we will also publish them. So, what is competition among us? Our number will be more than you, our respect will be more than you. Then, fear of job loss and the publisher will publish pressure. I have told you that you have to publish pressure. You have to tell at the end of the day how many papers you have written, how many seminars you have attended. Otherwise, your job will go away if you are in the private sector or whatever it is, you will suffer, you will not get an increment, anything. So, this is also pressure that you have to publish, you have to publish. Failure to publish in journals indexed in world-recognized databases. The very good research publications are not published in them. For that, you have to write in such a way that not everyone writes as well. And rejection by standard or respectable journals due to inadequate resources. And if you try and send the manuscript to a good journal, they will reject it. They will say, no, this is not enough, it is a replacement. So, it seems that now there are fewer papers, who has so much time and patience, then we will give it to another journal. These are the reasons why people are publishing faculty member researchers here. So, what did UGC have done? UGC has also initiated that creating awareness about ethics in research and publication is on the UGC radar. UGC is focusing on the most important thing, that ethics should be followed in research. So, in this direction, UGC has made a two credit course on research and publication ethics. So, what did UGC have done? It has run a two credit course on research and publication ethics. Compulsory for all PhD students to be completed in the first year of registration of a doctoral program. They are saying that if you enroll in any university or PhD from UGC, then it is necessary that in the first year, you will do these two credit courses of research and publication ethics. Apart from this, they will tell you what research is, what is publication ethics is, what is academic integrity is, etc. What did UGC have done? It has also published a guidance document. It is a good academic research practice, which is called GARP, which offers recommendations for institutions. So, in Calcutta, the culture of research integrity in particular institutions. He has guided institutions that if you engage in the culture of research integrity, then it is a good academic research practice. Which research practice will you say is good? So, do this, do this, do this, don't misconduct. To address such concerns and to promote academic integrity and publication ethics in Indian universities, the University Grants Commission created the consortium for academic research and ethics. Look, there are a lot of people who have come to research work. The faculty members know all about UGC Care. In 2018, they created the consortium for academic research and ethics. Why? So that you can promote academic integrity. Our universities and our researchers have good publications. So, what is UGC Care? The quality mandate of the UGC emphasizes the importance of promoting high quality research and creation of new knowledge by faculty members. So, UGC has said that all the faculty members and researchers have to do good quality research. They have to create new knowledge. So, what did it say? For this purpose, efforts to distinguish between standard and predatory Dubois deceptive journals and ensure that Indian academic work appears only in globally recognized and acceptable journals. They are saying that they have to distinguish between the best and the predatory journals. And only to publish their papers in globally recognized and acceptable journals. That is why they have created UGC Care. It has announced widely UGC's notification of 14th January 2019. Look, there are so many new things happening in 2018. To continuously monitor and identify quality journals across disciplines. So, it monitors and recognizes which journal is the best and which UGC Care gives its tag. The main task of the care is the consortium for academic research. Academic and research ethics is to improve the quality of research in Indian universities and to promote academic and research integrity as well as publication ethics. So, what is the task of this? All Indian universities have research quality journals. We can increase academic and research integrity. And we can follow publication ethics. That is, to avoid predatory journals. What is the scope of UGC Care? The credibility of research publications is extremely important because it represents the academic image of not just an individual but of the institution and the nation as well. They are saying that when we do research publications, it is not only important for our image. The institution that we are connected with, and the nation's image also depends on the nation, what kind of unforeseen events are taking place. So, the number of research articles published in reputed journals is one of the globally accepted indicators considered for various academic purposes including institutional ranking, appointment and promotion of a country member and award of research degree. That is, how many papers are published in good journals. This is its indicator so that what will be the ranking of that institution. Will your appointment be in the form of a faculty member? Will your promotion be there? Will you want a research degree award? So, this is a very important indicator. The percentage of research articles published in poor quality journals is reported to be high in India because it is adversely effective. The data is that there are many predatory journals in India. There are a number of articles that are published in predatory journals. So, globally, this leads to a loss for our image. So, to improve this situation, to improve this situation, UGC Care has taken up the responsibility of preparing UGC Care reference list of quality journals. So, that is why UGC Care has taken up this responsibility. We will make a list of UGC Care's reference list for quality journals and tell the faculty members and researchers that this journal is good and that you are here to publish papers. You've got my point. So, what is predatory journal? What is an academic journal? How will you recognize predatory journals? And how is it wrong for you to publish papers in predatory journals? Is it wrong for the country? Is it wrong for the nation? Is it wrong for the country? Is it wrong for the country? Is it wrong for the country? Is it wrong for the country? UGC Care has made a list of journals and told us to publish papers in them. Avoid predatory journals. Okay? So, in this way, I have completed UGC Awareness Lecture about good and predatory journals. So, thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education. I have done from my side.